Deck 3: The Social Consequences of Physical Aging

Question 1

With age, vital lung capacity:

A) declines very little over the life span of the average person.
B) declines at about half the rate for master athletes when compared to sedentary men.
C) declines more for older women than for older men.
D) declines and thus impairs daily functioning.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Slower reaction time with aging is most likely due to:

A) slower response of neurotransmitters.
B) a rapid accumulation of lipofuscin in the brain.
C) a loss of brain mass.
D) anxiety about test taking.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The leading cause of blindness worldwide is:

A) age-related cataract.
B) glaucoma.
C) age related macular degeneration.
D) accommodation.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Regarding the urinary system with aging,:

A) alcohol and caffeine consumption can prevent urinary incontinence.
B) the renal system declines more than most other organs.
C) dehydration is less of a problem with aging than in youth.
D) changes in the renal system cause drugs to be excreted faster than in young people.

Question 5

Regarding urinary functions, increased age results in:

A) a decrease in bladder function but relatively little change in kidney function.
B) very small percentage of elders (3 to 5 percent) with problems.
C) urinary incontinence among as many as 30 percent in the community.
D) an increase of kidney volume and weight.

Question 6

Which of the following theories of aging is also called the oxidative stress model of aging?

A) The Free Radical Theory
B) The Wear and Tear Theory
C) The Autoimmune Theory
D) The Cellular Theory of Aging

Question 7

The gastrointestinal system changes in the following way with aging:

A) secretion of stomach digestive juices decreases.
B) more enzymes are produced in the small intestine.
C) constipation does not afflict most older people.
D) food is passed through the stomach and intestines more rapidly.

Question 8

An older person who is experiencing problems with depth perception could improve their home environment by:

A) using color contrast where different levels meet.
B) using bright patterns on carpets throughout the house.
C) avoiding dark colors.
D) putting signs at the top of every stairway.

Question 9

As we age, our hair:

A) becomes thinner.
B) becomes thicker.
C) darkens and grows slower.
D) gains volume.

Question 10

Age-related hearing loss is called:

A) presbycusis.
B) tinnitus.
C) osteosclerosis.
D) ringing.

Question 11

In relation to aging and sensation,:

A) over the life span, the sense of touch remains generally the same.
B) older persons tend to overreport actual pain experienced.
C) older persons can discriminate levels of pain as well as young persons.
D) loss of nerve endings causes a decline in touch sensitivity with aging.

Question 12

Older people often have more problems seeing under low lighting conditions. This is most likely due to a/an:

A) inability to modify the opening of the pupil.
B) a slower shift from rods to cones.
C) increased supply of oxygen to the retina.
D) discoloration of the lens of the eye.

Question 13

Regarding age-related dangers in body composition,:

A) proportion of fatty tissue decreases.
B) muscle mass remains essentially the same as one ages.
C) aging results in increased obesity.
D) changes in body composition affect drug metabolism.

Question 14

The structural change with aging that is most associated with hearing loss takes place in:

A) the pinna.
B) the cochlea.
C) the stapes.
D) the middle ear.

Question 15

Biological studies of aging using animal models demonstrate that:

A) DHEA improves muscle strength and quality of life in humans.
B) caloric restriction promotes health and longevity.
C) low-fat diets from infancy can prolong life.
D) both A and B.

Question 16

Significant elevation of blood pressure is associated with all the following factors except:

A) diet.
B) obesity.
C) lifestyle.
D) old age.

Question 17

With regard to bone changes and gender,:

A) men tend to lose more bone mass than women as they age.
B) men tend to develop kyphosis more so than women.
C) bone mineral density declines mostly because of estrogen levels declining.
D) bone mineral density declines mostly because of a loss of testosterone.

Question 18

A true biological change with aging:

A) is universal for all members of the species.
B) tends to be progressive and gradual over time.
C) results in a series of diseases of aging.
D) both A and B.

Question 19

With aging, the following changes are found in skin:

A) secretions by sebaceous and sweat glands deteriorate
B) there is generally an increase in blood circulation in the skin
C) older individuals prefer cooler environments than younger persons
D) the outer skin layer becomes thicker and more elastic

Question 20

The major change in liver functioning with age is that:

A) the liver increases in size.
B) alcohol has less harmful affects than in younger people.
C) jaundice occurs at about the same rate as in younger people.
D) metabolism of medications by the liver declines.

Question 21

Glaucoma is both more prevalent and more difficult to treat in African Americans.

Question 22

Changes in kidney size and function with aging cause drugs to be metabolized faster in the older person's body.

Question 23

The minimum intensity of a stimulus that a person requires in order to detect the stimulus is:

A) sensory discrimination.
B) perception.
C) sensory threshold.
D) recognition threshold.

Question 24

If the free radical theory is valid, ingesting vitamin E and beta carotene may slow the aging process.

Question 25

It is generally agreed that biological theories must meet four requirements to be viable. Which one of the following is not one of the four requirements?

A) The process must be universal.
B) The process must be deleterious.
C) The process must be progressive.
D) The losses must be correctable by the organism.

Question 26

When conversing with an older adult who is experiencing hearing loss, you should:

A) face the person directly and maintain eye contact.
B) sit a little further back and tilt your head to be below eye level.
C) shout loudly.
D) speak in a lower monotonic voice.

Question 27

Contrary to earlier studies of taste and aging, recent researchers have found little evidence of taste bud loss with aging.

Question 28

Which theory suggests that the human body, like a machine, simply wears out over time?

A) Wear and Tear Theory
B) Cross-Linkage Theory
C) Free Radical Theory
D) Autoimmune Theory

Question 29

Loss of brain cells with aging is the primary reason for older people's forgetfulness.

Question 30

With aging, the proportion of fat and water in the human body increases.

Question 31

Due to recent research, many scientists are convinced that aging is reversible.

Question 32

According to the cellular aging theory, aging may be attributable to the finite number of cell replications as the organism ages chronologically.

Question 33

Normal aging is accompanied by a significant increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Question 34

Changes in circadian rhythms with aging appear to be associated with changes in core body temperatures.

Question 35

Changes in the size and function of the liver with aging result in greater sensitivity to medications that are metabolized by the liver.

Question 36

Studies of primates have shown that caloric restriction can improve physical activity and slow down metabolism.

Question 37

Older people should increase their intake of caffeine and alcohol in order to inhibit the production of ADH.

Question 38

Sleep disturbances can be alleviated by:

A) decreasing physical exercise.
B) decreasing exposure to natural light during the day.
C) increasing the intake of caffeine.
D) avoiding napping during the day.

Question 39

Osteoporosis is a normal change in the musculoskeletal system with aging.

Question 40

Older adults are less able to discriminate among levels of painful stimuli than younger persons.

Question 41

Explain the difference between glaucoma and cataract.

Question 42

Can aging be reversed or delayed?

Question 43

Differentiate and discuss the different terms related to sensory functions.

Question 44

The enzyme responsible for rebuilding telomeres and in this manner continued cell replication is called ________.

Question 45

What has been learned about vital capacity by studying master athletes?

Question 46

________ is defined as the normal process of changes over time in the body and its components.

Question 47

One true disorder of sleep that occurs with normal aging is ________, which is defined as a 5 - to 10-second cessation of breathing.

Question 48

Loss of acuity in the center of one's visual field experienced by some older adults is known as ________.

Question 49

Identify potential adaptations that older adults with vision difficulties could make to improve the person-environment fit.

Question 50

Because of a loss of convergence of images formed in the two eyes, ________ deteriorate with aging.