Deck 9: School, College, and Career Counseling

Question 1

School counselors must

A) report child abuse or neglect only if the student requests help.
B) report any suspected child abuse or neglect.
C) report child abuse or neglect only if it can be proven.
D) not report neglect if the student asks them not to report it.

Answer 1

report any suspected child abuse or neglect.

Question 2

Techniques counselors use to help elementary-aged children express themselves include all of the following EXCEPT

A) pre-psychotherapy.
B) puppetry and drawing.
C) role play.
D) bibliotherapy.

Answer 2

pre-psychotherapy.

Question 3

For professional school counselors, _____________ is not one of the major categories outlined in the National Standards or the National Model.

A) career development
B) personal/social development
C) substance abuse awareness
D) academic development

Answer 3

substance abuse awareness

Question 4

Counselors in school settings

A) are affected by the No Child Left Behind Act in the same way as classroom teachers.
B) are required by the No Child Left Behind Act to keep data regarding the outcome of their program.
C) are required by the No Child Left Behind Act to keep data regarding the student outcomes for only the students they directly serve.
D) are not included in the No Child Left Behind Act.

Question 5

An example of a brief therapy model that is used effectively in school settings is called

A) psychoanalysis.
B) solution-focused.
C) existential.
D) None of the above.

Question 6

School counselors are ethically obligated to

A) advocate for students who are gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgendered, and questioning (GLBTQ).
B) only advocate for GLBTQ students if the school district is in favor of supporting them.
C) guide students who question their sexual orientation toward choosing heterosexuality.
D) allow their own values to determine whether or not they advocate for students who are GLBTQ.

Question 7

The leading cause of death among gay and lesbian adolescents is

A) accidents.
B) homicide.
C) suicide.
D) AIDS.

Question 8

In a typical day, professional school counselors can expect

A) a stable routine, free from interruptions.
B) to attend to meetings, crises, individual counseling, groups, and classroom lessons.
C) absence from visibility in halls, playground, classrooms or bus duty.
D) emphasis on providing long-term psychotherapy.

Question 9

The term "student-life services"

A) is synonymous with college counseling centers.
B) refers exclusively to academic advising.
C) is also referred to as student services or student affairs.
D) is so distinct from college counseling that counselors-in-training are not likely to use their skills in this setting.

Question 10

Professional counselors working in college counseling centers and student-life services

A) may have taken similar counseling courses when they were in graduate school.
B) serve the same clientele.
C) strengthen their capacity to serve students by referring and relating to one another.
D) All of the above.

Question 11

Graduate students pursuing a career in student-life services

A) will likely do their field-work in one of the student-life specialty areas.
B) will not have any overlapping coursework with college counseling students.
C) will plan to work in isolation from college counselors in their place of employment.
D) will likely work in college counseling centers.

Question 12

Binge drinking is defined as consuming at least

A) three drinks at a time, for women.
B) three drinks at a time, for men.
C) four drinks at a time, for women.
D) four drinks at a time, for men.

Question 13

College counseling centers

A) no longer address career counseling.
B) cannot specialize in particular disorders.
C) have witnessed a rise in students with mental health concerns.
D) All of the above.

Question 14

College counselors typically counsel students

A) using a brief therapy model.
B) for less than ten visits.
C) for issues that include anxiety.
D) All of the above.

Question 15

Data correlating student retention and counseling services

A) should be used as the exclusive assessment of a college counselor's effectiveness.
B) has no value.
C) alone cannot accurately measure the total impact of a college counselor on student success.
D) is not a rising trend on college campuses.

Question 16

__________ seeks to remove barriers and obstacles that inhibit access, growth, and development.

A) Coordination
B) Consultation
C) Individual counseling
D) Advocacy

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT true about the college counselor's role?

A) It is multifaceted due to a wide range of offered services.
B) It is important for college counselors to be attuned to the needs of international students and reentry women.
C) It is contained to working with students, unlike school counseling where the professional counselor might work closely with staff and parents.
D) It is important for counselors to be attuned to the prevalence and dangers of binge drinking.

Question 18

__________ includes admissions, women's center, and career services.

A) College counseling
B) School counseling
C) Student-life services
D) None of the above.

Question 19

Counselors in college settings

A) do court mandated evaluations.
B) do not get involved in students' academic issues.
C) are key players in the event of a national crisis.
D) None of the above.

Question 20

Counselors in college settings, at the turn of the 21st century, have observed

A) an increase in students with intense mental health issues.
B) a decrease in the severity of mental health issues.
C) no change regarding students with mental health issues.
D) None of the above.

Question 21

Counselors in high school settings emphasize

A) career development and academic advisement.
B) pet therapy.
C) psychotherapy.
D) bibliotherapy.

Question 22

The setting where counselors pay close attention to the great degree of variation in physical
Development and issues related to self-image and sexual development is the

A) elementary setting.
B) middle school setting.
C) high school setting.
D) college setting.

Question 23

Counselors who want to focus their efforts on preventive measures may want to specialize in

A) college settings.
B) high school settings.
C) middle school settings.
D) elementary settings.

Question 24

__________ created an emphasis on socially and economically disadvantaged students to close the achievement gap.

A) The ASCA National Model
B) No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) of 2001
C) World War II
D) All of the above.

Question 25

All of the following are major career counseling theories except __________ theory.

A) developmental
B) trait and factor
C) social cognitive
D) Gestalt

Question 26

__________ can best be characterized as a developmental career theorist.

A) Super
B) Holland
C) Roe
D) Parsons

Question 27

Super's theory of career development includes all of the following stages EXCEPT

A) growth.
B) establishment.
C) tenure.
D) decline.

Question 28

Which of the following career theories is most appropriate for multicultural clients due to its emphasis on environmental and social factors?

A) Developmental career theory
B) Social cognitive career theory
C) Psychodynamic career theory
D) Trait and factor theory

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a basic stage of the trait and factor theory?

A) A knowledge of the requirements and conditions of success, advantages, and disadvantages, compensations, opportunities, and prospects in different lines of work.
B) Clear understanding of aptitudes, abilities, interests, ambitions, resources, limitations, and their causes.
C) The ability to reason on the above two groups of facts.
D) All of the above are stages of the trait and factor theory.

Question 30

Social cognitive career theory (SCCT)

A) has its roots in social learning theory.
B) explores irrational thoughts about one's career.
C) using cognitions as motivation for career change.
D) All of the above.

Question 31

All of the following are sources of occupational information EXCEPT

A) the Occupational Outlook Handbook (OOH).
B) SIGI-PLUS.
C) Occupational Information Network (O*NET).
D) the Dictionary of Careers.

Question 32

A(n) _______________ provides satisfaction, although it may not provide any monetary gain.

A) career
B) avocation
C) job
D) occupation

Question 33

The __________ career theory can be traced back to Frank Parsons.

A) trait-factor
B) psychodynamic
C) developmental
D) social cognitive

Question 34

Super is to __________ as Krumboltz is to __________.

A) social learning theory of career decision making; developmental theory
B) developmental theory; social learning theory of career decision making
C) trait and factor theory; developmental theory
D) developmental theory; trait and factor theory

Question 35

In the early 1900's, the counselor's role in __________ was to help clients find employment.

A) hospitals
B) private practice
C) prisons
D) schools

Question 36

By the end of the 20^th century, which of the following helped to propel the role of the professional school counselor into a new era?

A) The comprehensive developmental counseling curriculum.
B) The creation of national standards for school counseling programs.
C) Both of the above.
D) None of the above.

Question 37

In 2014, ASCA replaced the national standards with

A) new professional competencies for the elementary, middle, and high school levels.
B) Mindsets and Behaviors for Student Success.
C) a renewed focus on career development standards across all grade levels.
D) All of the above.

Question 38

________ typically maintain a primary emphasis on developmental issues and prevention strategies.

A) Elementary school counselors
B) Middle school counselors
C) High school counselors
D) Private practice counselors

Question 39

_______ are sensitive and responsive to students creating a sense of identity, and they emphasize academic advising, educational planning, and career development.

A) Elementary school counselors
B) Middle school counselors
C) High school counselors
D) College counselors

Question 40

_______ usually focus on transitions and topics such as decision-making, conflict resolution, peer pressures, sexuality, career development, and substance abuse.

A) Elementary school counselors
B) Middle school counselors
C) High school counselors
D) College counselors

Question 41

Which of the following was created in response to the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) of 2001?

A) Mindsets and Behaviors for Student Success
B) The ASCA National Model: A Framework for School Counseling Programs
C) Both of the above.
D) None of the above.

Question 42

School counselors should view students using a(n) _______, including how all of the environmental characteristics of a child's world and the child's own freedom of choice interact to affect the child.

A) psychodynamic approach
B) person-centered approach
C) environmental approach
D) holistic approach

Question 43

Which of the following issues affecting students will school counselors likely encounter?

A) Cyberbullying and relational aggression
B) Grief and loss
C) Sexual behaviors
D) All of the above

Question 44

______ helps individuals recognize their own personal values, skills, and interests and help connect these to meaningful work environments.

A) Academic counseling
B) Person-centered counseling
C) Career counseling
D) College counseling

Question 45

A(n) ______ refers to a series of paid or unpaid occupations or jobs that a person holds throughout his or her life.

A) avocation
B) leisure activity
C) career
D) promotion

Question 46

A(n) ______ is a formally classified work activity that involves a group of people working in different situations.

A) occupation
B) job
C) career
D) avocation

Question 47

A(n) _______ refers to a specific occupation held by an individual at any given time.

A) career
B) job
C) avocation
D) leisure activity

Question 48

_______ theory of vocational choice involves congruence between personality variables of the individual and personality variables of the work environment.

A) Parsons'
B) Super's
C) Krumboltz's
D) Holland's

Question 49

________ holds that four factors influence career development, including genetic endowments, environmental conditions, learning experiences, and task approach skills.

A) Social cognitive career theory
B) Social learning theory of career decision making
C) Contextualist theory
D) Chaos theory

Question 50

______ seeks to strengthen the role of the individual in the career process as multiple contexts (e.g., school, home, work, culture) are drawn into the broader picture of one's career.

A) Chaos theory
B) Contextualist theory of career
C) Life-span life-space theory
D) Trait-factor theory

Question 51

A professional school counselor's visibility in the school is ______ by being seen in the hallways, classrooms, meetings, cafeteria, and the playground.

A) decreased
B) compromised
C) enhanced
D) not affected

Question 52

The creation of the American College Counseling Association as a division of the ACA

A) allowed college counselors to demonstrate their professional identity as distinct from student-life professionals.
B) did little to advance college counselors as a profession.
C) unified college counselors and student-life professionals as the same profession.
D) All of the above.

Question 53

_______ are a subgroup of non-traditional students who return to school after a moderate or significant hiatus in their educational careers.

A) First-generation students
B) Reentry women
C) International students
D) All of the above

Question 54

_________ proposes that individuals progress through four developmental stages, including orientation to size and power, orientation to sex roles, orientation to social valuation, and choices explored.

A) Super's life-span life-space theory
B) Holland's theory of vocational choice
C) Krumboltz's social learning theory of career decision making
D) Gottfredson's theory of circumscription and compromise

Question 55

An important component of chaos theory as it applies to career development is the role of

A) circumscription and compromise.
B) genetic endowments and environmental conditions.
C) attractors and phase transitions.
D) task approach skills.

Question 56

Universal design for instruction (UDI)

A) only applies to students with disabilities.
B) is outside of rehabilitation counselors' scope of practice.
C) uses proactive design and inclusive instructional strategies to benefit a broad range of learners.
D) All of the above.

Question 57

______ is actually a cluster of diverse specialties, such as admissions, learning services, health and wellness services, food services, financial aid, and career services.

A) Student-life services
B) Career counseling
C) College counseling
D) Rehabilitation counseling

Question 58

College counselors extend their services into the larger campus community, and they may present outreach programs to students groups on which of the following topics?

A) Eating disorders and body image.
B) Conflict resolution.
C) Interpersonal relationships.
D) All of the above.

Question 59

As ________, professional counselors are required by law to report suspected child abuse and neglect to the proper authorities.

A) ethical counselors
B) mandated reporters
C) advocates
D) None of the above

Question 60

Although ASCA recommends a ______ school counselor to student ratio, the average national ratio is _______.

A) 1:100; 1:250.
B) 1:450; 1:367.
C) 1:250; 1:367.
D) 1:367; 1:250.

Question 61

Explain the role of college and university counselors.

Question 62

Compare and contrast counseling in community mental health settings and counseling within a school setting.

Question 63

Explain the significance of substance abuse in society and its implications for professional counselors in a school or college/university setting.

Question 64

Student-life services and college counseling are two distinct careers that exist on a college campus. Although they are distinct careers, they also share some similarities. Identify some specific ways in which these two careers are similar and some specific ways in which they differ.

Question 65

Imagine that you could create your ideal counseling position in a school or college/university setting. Write up the job description as it might appear in an advertisement for the job opening. Include the following components: (a) the specific functions of your role; (b) the types of clients you would serve; and (c) the client issues with which you would work. After drafting your job description, ask several counselors who work in that setting to read it and provide you with feedback. Ask them to comment on how close your ideal situation is to their real-life experience of the position. Describe what you have learned after consulting with these professionals in the field.

Question 66

You would like to be a professional school counselor, but you are unsure if you would prefer to work at the elementary, middle, or high school level. What are some important aspects of each level to consider? What is specific to the counselor's role at each level, and what are some developmental issues students at each level may encounter?

Question 67

College counselors often offer services that extend to the larger campus community by holding groups based on student needs/interests, presenting outreach programs to student groups, presenting programs to faculty and staff, and making contributions to the university's wellness activities. Consider the student, faculty, and/or community issues that you view as important at your university. If you were a college counselor, how would you address this issue in the services you provide on campus?

Question 68

International students and reentry women are two growing student populations that continue to influence how college counselors and student-life professionals deliver their services on college campuses. What are some special needs specific to these student populations? What may be some ways you could address these needs as a college counselor or student-life professional?

Question 69

Explain the ASCA National Model's role in the school counseling profession.

Question 70

Describe what college counselors need to be aware of in order to be effective professional counselors.

Question 71

Identify and describe the two major developmental theories of career development presented in the chapter.

Question 72

Choose two theories that lend themselves to career counseling and describe them in detail.

Question 73

Explain the multicultural considerations one should keep in mind when working with culturally diverse clients in career counseling.

Question 74

Describe possible career resources that can be given to clients who present for career counseling.

Question 75

The role of a college counselor is multifaceted, and there is great variation in what a college counselor may actually do. Describe at least three main services that college counselors may provide.

Question 76

Identify the four factors that influence career development, according to social learning theory of career decision making (SLTCDM). Provide examples of each.

Question 77

Choose one postmodern theory of career development that was presented in the chapter, and describe the major constructs of the theory.

Question 78

Clearly define and distinguish the following terms: career, occupation, job, work, and avocation.

Question 79

Describe ways in which professional school counselors can best advocate for and support LGBTQ students.

Question 80

Career development theory has largely been driven by and addresses the needs of white, educated, male, heterosexual, able-bodied persons. How can career counselors integrate social justice issues in career counseling to best advocate for and address the needs of their diverse clients?