Deck 5: Schools and Gender

Question 1

With regard to the education of women, which of the following is FALSE?

A) Women had access to formal education only after 1786.
B) Early education for women centered on women's domestic roles.
C) In the nineteenth century, only upper-class women received formal educations.
D) The Young Ladies Academy of Philadelphia was the first institution that prepared women to assume public leadership positions.

Answer 1

The Young Ladies Academy of Philadelphia was the first institution that prepared women to assume public leadership positions.

Question 2

The first free public schools opened for boys and girls in

A) Maine.
B) Massachusetts.
C) Pennsylvania.
D) Illinois.

Answer 2

Massachusetts.

Question 3

Which of the following was NOT a consequence of the establishment of free public schools in the 19th century?

A) The White female literacy rate rose in the northeastern part of the country.
B) Females quickly moved into teaching positions in elementary schools where they received salaries comparable to their male counterparts.
C) Black literacy rates showed no substantial change in the early 1800s.
D) Female teachers outnumbered male teachers by 1860.

Answer 3

Females quickly moved into teaching positions in elementary schools where they received salaries comparable to their male counterparts.

Question 4

Which of the following is FALSE with regard to the early collegiate education of women?

A) It was argued that higher education was unhealthy for women, thus they were denied admission to many prestigious institutions.
B) Women were viewed as naturally less intelligent than men resulting in frequent denials for admission.
C) In liberal institutions women were frequently treated differently than men and channeled into different areas of study.
D) Only at elite universities such as Princeton and Harvard were women allowed to study business and law in the 19th century.

Question 5

The first coeducational college was

A) Harvard.
B) Oberlin College.
C) Lawrence College.
D) the University of Massachusetts.

Question 6

During the late 1940s and into the 1950s, he number of

A) Black women attending college increased.
B) Black women attending college decreased.
C) White women attending college decreased.
D) both A and C above
E) both B and C above

Question 7

Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972

A) was passed as a result of the efforts of the NAACP.
B) prohibited racism in any federally funded educational institution.
C) eliminated educational inequality on the basis of race.
D) prohibits sex discrimination in federally funded educational programs.
E) applies only to athletic programs in schools.

Question 8

Recent research in elementary school classrooms indicates that

A) boys are given more help in finding and correcting errors than are girls.
B) boys and girls are equally praised for the intellectual quality of their work.
C) girls are given more detail for the completion of complex tasks because, in general, they require more guidance.
D) teachers provide challenges for girls more frequently than for boys because they are normally the better students.

Question 9

Which of the following is a typical example of feedback given to girls in elementary school?

A) "most eager learner" award
B) praise for academic performance
C) harsh punishments for misbehaving
D) none of the above

Question 10

Research indicates that all of the following school activities tend to reinforce sex separation EXCEPT:

A) organized competitive teams.
B) classroom chores.
C) seating arrangements.
D) all of the above

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of sex separation in the classroom?

A) Working in same-sex groups becomes more comfortable than mixed-sex groups, which can be problematic later in life for both men and women.
B) It prevents children from working cooperatively and denies them valuable opportunities to learn from the opposite sex.
C) Children of both sexes concentrate more fully on the tasks in front of them and less on things such as appearance or excellence in sports.
D) It reinforces gender stereotypes.

Question 12

Research on cooperative learning indicates that this approach

A) is highly successful in fostering positive relationships between girls and boys.
B) increases interracial friendships.
C) is especially helpful in mainstreaming students with disabilities.
D) all of the above
E) only B and C above

Question 13

According to studies of boys and girls in secondary schools

A) physical attractiveness contributes most to the popularity of girls.
B) athletic achievement contributes most to the popularity of boys.
C) sexual aggression contributes most to the popularity of girls.
D) all of the above
E) both A and B are correct

Question 14

A general rule of the status hierarchy of educators appears to be:

A) "Men teach, women manage or administrate."
B) "The higher up you go, the fewer women you'll find."
C) "If you're female and you want to get ahead, choose education as a field."
D) "Women confront less discrimination the higher the level of education at which they teach."

Question 15

Gay and lesbian high school students

A) are at disproportionate risk of committing suicide.
B) show a disproportionately low rate of substance abuse.
C) receive extensive and visible support from school personnel.
D) tend to have more positive relationships with their parents than heterosexual teenagers do.

Question 16

Research reveals that the dramatic drop in girls' self-confidence at the secondary school level is due to the fact that

A) the idealized woman in this culture does not match their experience.
B) they have been taught to see themselves in terms of their relationships.
C) participation in extracurricular activities declining.
D) all of the above
E) only A and B above

Question 17

One element of the invisible or glass ceiling is

A) the widespread belief that girls are not as intellectually gifted as boys.
B) that curriculum materials often show subtle and blatant gender biases.
C) school personnel often channel girls into gender stereotyped fields.
D) all of the above

Question 18

The least likely to attend college are ________ women.

A) White
B) Hispanic
C) Asian
D) African American

Question 19

In graduate education,

A) women now outnumber men in traditionally masculine fields.
B) men outnumber women in many fields that at the undergraduate level are female-dominated.
C) minority women outnumber White women in completing degree programs.
D) minorities in general now outnumber Whites in successfully completing degree programs.

Question 20

Women constitute slightly more than _______ percent of all doctorate recipients.

A) 20
B) 30
C) 40
D) 50

Question 21

Sex segregation in particular fields of study appears to continue to persist because

A) most women "fear success" in these areas.
B) men are unwilling to enter female-dominated fields that typically carry low pay and low prestige.
C) women are discriminated against in male-dominated fields.
D) all of the above
E) only B and C above

Question 22

Micro-inequities

A) are overt actions made frequently by male teachers.
B) intensify in graduate school.
C) were first documented by Grove and Bell.
D) are directly prohibited by Title IX.

Question 23

Studies of full-time college and university faculty show that

A) female university faculty members are paid the same salaries as males.
B) females are as likely to be tenured as males because of departmental quotas.
C) women are less likely to experience discrimination if they are Black.
D) none of the above

Question 24

Research on differences in teaching styles and attitudes of female and male university and college faculty shows that

A) male faculty tend to focus on the student as the locus of learning.
B) female faculty tend to use a more interactive style in the classroom.
C) male faculty tend to interact more with students outside the classroom setting.
D) female faculty discourage student participation in class.

Question 25

Female students have

A) greater opportunities to establish mentoring relationships than male students.
B) greater opportunities to establish mentoring relationships than male students, only if they are also racial minorities.
C) fewer opportunities to establish mentoring relationships than male students.
D) fewer opportunities to establish mentoring relationships than male students, only if they are also racial minorities.

Question 26

Which of the following statements about sexual harassment is FALSE?

A) 20%-30% of female college students experience some form of sexual harassment.
B) Most cases of sexual harassment go unreported.
C) The most common types of sexual harassment involves students offering sex for grades.
D) Sexual harassment occurs in elementary schools.

Question 27

An example of contrapower sexual harassment is when a

A) male student propositions a female faculty member.
B) female faculty member propositions a male student.
C) male faculty member propositions a male student.
D) All of the above are examples of contrapower sexual harassment.

Question 28

Research indicates that all of the following are benefits of single-sex schools EXCEPT:

A) females get higher paying jobs after graduation.
B) there are no barriers for females majoring in male dominated fields.
C) scores in standardized tests increase for both males and females.
D) All of the above are benefits.

Question 29

The major criticism of women's studies courses is that

A) material is not inclusive of all groups.
B) they focus on female-oriented achievements only.
C) the material discriminates against men.
D) all of the above

Question 30

Gay and lesbian studies

A) developed in response to the failure of the traditional curriculum to examine the intersection of gender inequality and heterosexual privilege.
B) allow for a major shift in the intellectual life of gay and lesbian communities by promoting the entry of the university in those communities' cultural development.
C) challenge women's studies and feminist scholarship to promote greater ties with political and social movements.
D) all of the above

Question 31

Boys and Girls have the following different experiences in elementary and middle school:

A) Boys are less likely than girls to have their entry into kindergarten postponed.
B) Boys are more likely than girls to be held back a grade while in elementary school.
C) While boys tend to score higher on standardized tests, girls have higher-grade averages.
D) all of the above

Question 32

Research on gender and race in education has found the following:

A) Latino boys are praised more than their Caucasian contemporaries.
B) African American girls are disciplined less by teachers than African American boys.
C) African American boys are disciplined less by teachers than African American girls.
D) both A and B

Question 33

In ______, the U.S. Department of Education changed the Title IX regulations to allow for more flexibility in offering of single-sex education in public schools.

A) 1989
B) 1992
C) 2006
D) 2011

Question 34

Today, women are less likely than men to attend college.

Question 35

United States education has seen a drop in boys' test scores and an increase in girls' test scores, which supports noting that girls' success comes at the expense of boys.

Question 36

Girls who attend school may actually be discouraged from continuing their education by the general messages they receive in school curricula and textbooks.

Question 37

Even when boys do not voluntarily participate in class, teachers are more likely to solicit information from them than girls.

Question 38

The use of race and gender in public university admission decisions was banned in Michigan in 2007.

Question 39

School subjects, such as reading, are known as a hidden curriculum.

Question 40

It was not until 1832 that women were permitted to attend college with men.

Question 41

By the year 1940, Black men were receiving twice as many degrees from Black colleges than were Black women.

Question 42

Research shows that teachers typically interact differently with their male and female students.

Question 43

Male principals are more likely to be found in charge of "undesirable"
schools.

Question 44

Teachers are more likely to solicit answers from girls.

Question 45

Girls make up the majority of students labeled as learning disabled.

Question 46

Studies show that the reasoning skills of White students decrease if they attend racially or ethnically diverse colleges.

Question 47

Curriculum materials and teachers frequently put a "ceiling"
on girls' ambitions.

Question 48

The scarcity of males in traditionally female-dominated fields is mostly a result of discrimination.

Question 49

The gender gap in college and university faculty salaries has remained fairly stable during the last ten years.

Question 50

Between 1965 and 1990, the number of single-sex colleges increased substantially.

Question 51

Most sexual harassment in educational settings is perpetrated by peers.

Question 52

Because of the widespread nature of sexual harassment, most incidents are reported to school or campus authorities.

Question 53

What is a hidden curriculum and how does it differ from a formal curriculum?

Question 54

How does primary and secondary education of children reinforce gender stereotyped behavior and expectations?

Question 55

Discuss the importance of Title IX of the Education Amendments Act and problems that it did not address.

Question 56

Discuss the pros and cons of gender separation in education.

Question 57

Discuss the problems confronted by gay and lesbian youth in schools. Suggest ways that these problems might be effectively addressed.

Question 58

With regard to gender and education, what are micro-inequities? Give two examples to illustrate.

Question 59

Explain some of the problems associated with the higher education of men and women. Include in your discussion sexual harassment and women in graduate school as well as other related issues covered in this chapter.

Question 60

Discuss why teaching was an attractive career choice for Black women.

Question 61

Discuss the impact of sexual harassment on a victim's educational experience.

Question 62

Discuss how teachers' expectations for future educational achievement are influenced by students' gender, race, and SES.

Question 63

Discuss the international differences in boys' and girls' achievements in science, reading, and math.

Question 64

Discuss how transgender, gay, lesbian, and bisexual students experience unique harassment in the educational system. Give two examples to support your answer.