Deck 7: Structural and Social Inequalities in Schooling

Question 1

Evaluated by grades and standardized test performance, educational ______ is the extent to Which a student does well in school.

A) attainment
B) achievement
C) accuracy
D) aptitude

Answer 1

achievement

Question 2

Like levels of credentialism, educational _____ is tied to how far a student has progressed in the Education system.

A) attainment
B) achievement
C) accuracy
D) aptitude

Answer 2

attainment

Question 3

The characteristics one is born with, such as race and social class, are classified as

A) ascertained.
B) achieved.
C) attained.
D) ascribed.

Answer 3

ascribed.

Question 4

Personal skills, occupations and other earned or chosen characteristics are classified as

A) ascertained.
B) achieved.
C) attained.
D) ascribed.

Question 5

A person's sex would be considered an _____ characteristic.

A) achieved
B) attained
C) ascertained
D) ascribed

Question 6

Engineering, mathematics, and the natural and applied sciences are fields in which women are

A) pioneers.
B) overrepresented.
C) underrepresented.
D) marginalized.

Question 7

The fields in which women are overrepresented are considered what kinds of disciplines?

A) soft
B) specialized
C) simple
D) stigmatized

Question 8

Compared to the number of women who have entered the workforce, the proportion of women in the scientific and technical occupations has

A) increased.
B) decreased.
C) broadened.
D) stayed constant.

Question 9

What is a common feature of male-dominated professions?

A) flexible schedules
B) lower wages
C) less hours
D) higher wages

Question 10

How do the science and math test scores of girls compare to boys?

A) lower
B) equal
C) higher
D) inconclusive

Question 11

Girls have consistently shown less confidence in what kind of ability?

A) perceived
B) linguistic
C) deductive reasoning
D) problem solving

Question 12

The measure that combines different life characteristics to determine what income a family will devote to the necessities of life is known as the

A) threshold matrix.
B) poverty index.
C) low-income cut-off.
D) income diversity scale.

Question 13

One's _____ status describes a family's income along with the factors determining what a Family is able to make.

A) ascribed
B) achieved
C) socioeconomic
D) socialized

Question 14

Outcomes between people of different racial, class, and immigrant groups can be compared through the _____ gap.

A) accomplishment
B) achievement
C) attainment
D) ascribed

Question 15

School _____ is the development stage at which a child is able to participate and benefit from Early learning experiences.

A) preparedness
B) attendance
C) readiness
D) competence

Question 16

The socioeconomic status of a family impacting the likelihood of a student advancing to post-secondary education is an example of

A) the achievement gap.
B) primary effects.
C) secondary effects.
D) social reproduction.

Question 17

The employment status of parents, surrounding levels of poverty and the quality of local schools combine to form _____ effects.

A) environmental
B) neighbourhood
C) primary
D) secondary

Question 18

Neighbourhood effects in Canada are seen has having less impact than

A) family characteristics.
B) socioeconomic status.
C) primary effects.
D) secondary effects.

Question 19

What are the two resource-based designations given to provinces in Canada?

A) primary/secondary
B) old/new
C) English/French
D) have/have-not

Question 20

To ensure consistent quality, federal funding is transferred to schools at what education level?

A) elementary
B) secondary
C) post-secondary
D) all educational levels

Question 21

Like discrepancies between "have" and "have-not" provinces, there are discrepancies between what kinds of areas?

A) rural and urban
B) English and French
C) Eastern and Western
D) religious and secular

Question 22

Poor performance in _____ schools is tied to a lack of quality teachers and a prevalence of newer Teachers.

A) urban
B) rural
C) English
D) French

Question 23

What factor usually results in more rural students dropping out of school early?

A) social stigma
B) economic needs
C) family tradition
D) underperformance

Question 24

Which province has the lowest rate of marriage?

A) Ontario
B) British Columbia
C) Quebec
D) Nova Scotia

Question 25

Fewer resources, role models, and more stress are often factors impacting _____ families.

A) lone-parent
B) urban
C) wealthy
D) minority

Question 26

A _____ child would most likely experience negative effects from divorce.

A) minority
B) young
C) adolescent
D) female

Question 27

Transitioning from a two-parent family to a one-parent family often includes a change in

A) educational attainment.
B) development.
C) delinquency.
D) socioeconomic status.

Question 28

What percentage of single-parent families in Canada are led by females?

A) 20
B) 40
C) 60
D) 80

Question 29

A minor removed from his or her family due to violence or unrest by a government jurisdiction is considered a child in

A) custody.
B) care.
C) crisis.
D) none of the above.

Question 30

A disproportionate number of children in care are

A) female.
B) male.
C) Aboriginal.
D) first generation immigrants.

Question 31

Children in care face significantly more challenges in mastering _____ skills.

A) literacy
B) numeric
C) cultural
D) behavioural

Question 32

Like Aboriginal children in residential schools, a child in care can struggle with multiple changes in

A) streaming.
B) pedagogy.
C) environment.
D) all of the above.

Question 33

Like generations before them that attended residential schools, Aboriginal children in care placements struggle with _____ isolation.

A) developmental
B) cultural
C) peer
D) physical

Question 34

Unlike past centuries, a family immigrating to Canada since the 1980s would most likely be

A) English speaking.
B) French speaking.
C) degree holders.
D) a visible minority.

Question 35

An individual who was born outside of Canada is considered a _____ generation immigrant.

A) visible
B) first
C) 1.5
D) second

Question 36

What generation of immigrant was born in Canada but has at least one parent who was born outside of Canada?

A) first
B) 1.5
C) second
D) third-or-higher

Question 37

Unlike first generation immigrants, this generation immigrated as a young child but has since had a significant amount of early schooling in Canada.

A) 1.5
B) youth
C) second
D) third-or-higher

Question 38

Which generation of immigrant is distinguished by having parents who were born in Canada?

A) first
B) 1.5
C) second
D) third-or-higher

Question 39

Minorities who are not viewed as being the same race as the "majority" are considered

A) immigrants.
B) visible.
C) ethnic.
D) migrant.

Question 40

The linear process of an immigrant integrating with their host society is the traditional approach of _____ theory.

A) assimilation
B) adaptation
C) multicultural
D) integration

Question 41

______ assimilation theory assumes that different immigrant groups will have different paths to Assimilation.

A) Multicultural
B) Adaptive
C) Integrative
D) Segmented

Question 42

Like most current standardized test results, immigrant boys had _____ test results compared to Immigrant girls.

A) better
B) equal
C) worse
D) inconclusive

Question 43

Achievement scores between immigrants and native-born Canadians have been shown to narrow quickly following

A) assimilation.
B) adaptation.
C) multiculturalism.
D) integration.

Question 44

Like minority and low socioeconomic students, immigrant children are more likely to be placed in what kind of academic streams?

A) high-ability
B) gifted
C) low-ability
D) special education

Question 45

_____ capital describes the overall educational and income levels of certain groups that are Thought to be able to enhance the outcomes of immigrant children.

A) Social
B) Economic
C) Ethnic
D) Racial

Question 46

Children of _____ immigrants have higher levels of ethnic capital.

A) European
B) Asian
C) South American
D) Latin American

Question 47

The role of parental optimism in the success of immigrant children exemplifies the power of _____ over socioeconomic status.

A) ethnic capital
B) individual family characteristics
C) discipline
D) neighbourhood effects

Question 48

A lack of _____ capital is often cited as a reason for why immigrant children may fare worse Than non-immigrant children.

A) ethnic
B) bonding
C) cultural
D) social

Question 49

These effects could be determined by comparing the dropout rates of students from three different areas of Montreal.

A) ethnic
B) neighbourhood
C) streaming
D) chronosystem

Question 50

Focusing on group solidarity, residential segregation favours _____ capital over _____ capital.

A) bridging, bonding
B) bonding, bridging
C) cultural, social
D) social, cultural

Question 51

First generation immigrant parents have _____ educational expectations of their children Compared to those born in the Canada.

A) lower
B) equal
C) higher
D) culturally-specific

Question 52

The educational accomplishments of all ____ generation immigrant groups were superior to the Majority population with Canadian-born parents.

A) first
B) 1.5
C) second
D) third-or-higher

Question 53

Unlike the general population, the effect of _____ on the education attainment of immigrants is Much weaker.

A) socioeconomic status
B) race
C) family structure
D) literacy

Question 54

The aspirational differences between immigrant generations can be seen as an attempt to interrupt the process of

A) racializaton.
B) functionalism.
C) social reproduction.
D) assimilation.

Question 55

_____ is the only region of origin to have lower second generation attendance in post-secondary Education.

A) Asia
B) Africa
C) Europe
D) Central America

Question 56

Differences in educational attainment between immigrants and Canadian-borns of the same ethnicity can be tied to the context of _____ policies.

A) education
B) immigration
C) official language
D) none of the above

Question 57

Immigrants that do not have full legal entitlements to live in Canada and are often driven into hiding due to fear of deportation have what kind of status?

A) temporary
B) transient
C) precarious legal
D) unofficial legal

Question 58

The immigration status of parents can often decrease a child's likelihood of

A) isolation.
B) enrolling in school.
C) graduating high school.
D) neighbourhood effects.

Question 59

Immigrants leaving a country with a strict class structure in hopes of creating better lives in Canada are considered _____ minorities.

A) voluntary
B) visible
C) involuntary
D) invisible

Question 60

A group considered a minority due to the historical circumstances under which they were conquered and enslaved would be considered a _____ minorities.

A) voluntary
B) visible
C) involuntary
D) invisible

Question 61

Aboriginal Canadians are considered a(n) _____ minority.

A) voluntary
B) involuntary
C) innate
D) established

Question 62

The superior performance of _____ minorities is tied to the ability to maintain a positive attitude Toward the Canadian education system.

A) visible
B) voluntary
C) involuntary
D) established

Question 63

As outlined in Shannen's Dream, a lack of _____ is a significant issue faced by Aboriginal Children.

A) culturally relevant curriculum
B) isolation
C) community identity
D) none of the above

Question 64

The low expectations held of Aboriginal students by teachers that result in disengaged students and lower grades is an example of

A) racialization.
B) socialization.
C) self-fulfilling prophecy.
D) primary effects.

Question 65

What percentage of adult Aboriginal Canadians living on reserves do not have a high school diploma?

A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 100%

Question 66

_____ is the bias towards heterosexuality as the social norm, and a general negativity or Avoidance of other sexualities.

A) Sexism
B) Feminism
C) Homosexism
D) Heterosexism

Question 67

Sexual minority youth report being _____ more than their heterosexual peers.

A) praised
B) active
C) bullied
D) ignored

Question 68

What percentage of LGBT students reported hearing homophobic or transphobic comments in school?

A) 60%
B) 70%
C) 80%
D) 90%

Question 69

Teachers are reported as using homophobic or transphobic language by what percentage of LGBT students?

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 40%

Question 70

Like those with effective codes of conduct, students who attended a school with _____ anti-Homophobia policies were significantly less likely to report negative experiences.

A) vague
B) specific
C) looser
D) stricter

Question 71

_____ disabilities is the current term used to describe impairments in cognitive functioning that Result in a student requiring special education services.

A) Mental
B) Developmental
C) Intellectual
D) Learning

Question 72

What approximate percentage of Canadian students have a disability?

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 15%
D) 20%

Question 73

Early special education programs in Canada did not distinguish between types of

A) socioeconomic status.
B) disability.
C) learning styles.
D) streams.

Question 74

The stigmatization of _____ children could be seen by their inclusion in special education Institutions.

A) Aboriginal
B) orphaned
C) younger
D) immigrant

Question 75

_____ were the main advocates for the reform of special education in Canada.

A) Scholars
B) Teachers
C) Charities
D) Parents

Question 76

Special education was introduced in most Canadian provinces in the which decade?

A) 1960s
B) 1970s
C) 1980s
D) 1990s

Question 77

The education of special needs students in separate institutions is a characteristic of _____ Special education.

A) specialized
B) inclusive
C) protected
D) traditional

Question 78

The integration of special needs students in the same environment as their same-aged peers is the basis of _____ special education.

A) specialized
B) inclusive
C) protected
D) traditional

Question 79

Like Aboriginal students, the segregation of special education students in schools and institutions can foster

A) resilience.
B) rationalization.
C) stigma.
D) other ways of knowing.

Question 80

People with only _____ disabilities are just as likely to achieve higher educational attainment as Those without disabilities.

A) intellectual
B) temporary
C) physical
D) developmental