Deck 33: Drugs for Endocrine Disorders

Question 1

Which of the following would be an example of negative feedback? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

A) When the uterus expands in pregnancy, oxytocin is released.
B) When calcium levels raise in the blood, the parathyroid gland shuts off parathyroid hormone.
C) As estrogen levels rise, LH stops being released.
D) As thyroid levels rise, thyroxine stops being released.

Answer 1

When calcium levels raise in the blood, the parathyroid gland shuts off parathyroid hormone.
As estrogen levels rise, LH stops being released.
As thyroid levels rise, thyroxine stops being released.

Question 2

Which hormone is released from the adrenal gland when ACTH travels through the bloodstream and reaches the adrenal cortex?

A) Aldosterone
B) Estrogen
C) Cortisol
D) Corticotropin-releasing factor

Answer 2

Cortisol

Question 3

What happens to the body when corticosteroids are taken as medications for prolonged periods? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

A) The pituitary stops secreting ACTH and the adrenal cortex enlarges
B) The pituitary stops secreting ACTH and the adrenal cortex shrinks
C) The adrenal cortex secretes endogenous corticosteroids
D) The adrenal cortex stops secreting endogenous corticosteroids

Answer 3

The pituitary stops secreting ACTH and the adrenal cortex shrinks
The adrenal cortex stops secreting endogenous corticosteroids

Question 4

Which adverse effects does the pharmacist anticipate for a patient who is receiving long-term therapy with corticosteroids? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

A) Delayed wound healing
B) Diarrhea
C) Increased risk for infections
D) Sodium retention
E) Nausea

Question 5

Hydrocortisone has been prescribed for a patient. Which diagnoses does the pharmacist anticipate could be made based on this prescribed medication? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

A) Adrenocortical insufficiency
B) Intra-articular injections
C) Inflammation
D) Allergic disorders
E) Type I diabetes

Question 6

The physician has ordered medication to treat hyperthyroidism. Which medication does the pharmacist anticipate for this patient?

A) Liotrix
B) Levothyroxine
C) Propylthiouracil
D) Thyroid

Question 7

Why is hormone pharmacotherapy prescribed for patients? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

A) Therapeutic advantage
B) Exaggerated response
C) Replacement therapy
D) Antineoplastic effect
E) Antihyperlipidemic effect

Question 8

Which preparation of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is occasionally used by the intranasal route to treat enuresis?

A) Lypressin
B) Vasopressin
C) Betamethasone
D) Desmopressin

Question 9

The pharmacist is caring for a newly diagnosed diabetic. What information should the pharmacist provide to the patient regarding the role of insulin in the body?

A) Insulin decreases blood glucose levels.
B) Insulin increases blood glucose levels.
C) Insulin is not manufactured by the body.
D) Insulin helps maintain fluid balance.

Question 10

The nurse administered insulin lispro to the patient at 0800. When would the nurse reassess the patient's blood glucose level to monitor for hypoglycemia?

A) 0900 and 1100
B) 1000 and 1400
C) 1400 and 1800
D) 1200 and 1600

Question 11

The patient received lispro insulin with breakfast. Two hours later, the patient experiences tachycardia, confusion, sweating, and drowsiness. Why are these symptoms occurring?

A) The patient is experiencing hyperglycemia.
B) The patient is experiencing an allergic reaction to lispro.
C) The patient is experiencing a myocardial infarction.
D) The patient is experiencing hypoglycemia.

Question 12

The pharmacist is caring for a diabetic patient who has breath with a fruity odor. Which conclusion by the pharmacist is the most appropriate?

A) The patient has been consuming frequent intake of candy.
B) The patient is hyperglycemic.
C) The patient is hypoglycemic.
D) The patient is experiencing an allergic reaction to medication for diabetes.

Question 13

The pharmacist is screening a group of patients. Which patient has the greatest risk for developing type II diabetes?

A) 25-year-old male
B) 12-year-old male
C) 55-year-old female
D) 8-year-old female

Question 14

Which is true of type 2 diabetes mellitus? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

A) Insulin resistance develops
B) Target cells become unresponsive to insulin.
C) The pancreas produces sufficient amounts of insulin.
D) The pancreas does not produce insulin.

Question 15

The pharmacist is instructing the patient prescribed glipizide about possible side effects. Which side effects should be included in the patient teaching session? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

A) Increased appetite
B) Nausea
C) Vomiting
D) Avoid prolonged exposure to the sun because glipizide causes photosensitivity.
E) Anorexia

Question 16

Chemical messengers called hormones are released in response to a change in the body's internal environment.

Question 17

Thyroid hormone decreases basal metabolic rate.

Question 18

Symptoms of hypothyroidism in adults include slowed body metabolism, fatigue, slurred speech, bradycardia, weight gain, low body temperature, and intolerance to cold environments.

Question 19

Corticosteroids, consisting of mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens, are released from the outer adrenal cortex.

Question 20

Addison's disease occurs when high levels of corticosteroids are present in the body over a prolonged period.

Question 21

Deficiency of growth hormone in children can cause short stature and treatment is with octreotide.

Question 22

In addition to being used to treat adrenal insufficiency, corticosteroids, such as prednisone, are prescribed for a large number of non-endocrine disorders due to their ability to suppress inflammatory and immune responses quickly.

Question 23

When levels of blood glucose fall, the pancreas secretes glucagon, causing the liver to break down glycogen, releasing glucose to raise the blood levels.

Question 24

Type I diabetes mellitus is also sometimes referred to as noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) because with this disorder the pancreas produces insulin.

Question 25

Insulin regular is a short acting insulin while insulin detemir is a long acting insulin.

Question 26

Hyperglycemia may occur when insulin levels peak, during exercise, when the patient receives too much insulin as a result of a medication error, or if the patient skips a meal.

Question 27

Type 2 diabetes is more common in patients who are overweight and those with low low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and low triglyceride levels.

Question 28

Sulfonylureas act by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreatic islet cells and by decreasing the sensitivity of insulin receptors on target cells.

Question 29

Incretin enhancers, such as linagliptin, saxagliptin, and sitagliptin, signal the pancreas to increase insulin secretion, and the liver to stop producing glucagon.

Question 30

Compare and contrast hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism and their treatments.

Question 31

Describe the action of the different classes of drugs to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus and give examples of each type.

Question 32

What is diabetes insipidus and what is its treatment?