Deck 25: Innovation, Revolution, and Global Crisis, 1890-1920

Question 1

In the early twentieth century, advances in what technology allowed financial information to be almost instantly transmitted between North America and Europe?

A) telephone
B) undersea cable
C) telegraph
D) radio

Answer 1

undersea cable

Question 2

To stabilize exchange rates among currencies, several states after 1870 took steps to peg their currencies to

A) a gold standard.
B) argentite specie.
C) hard money.
D) silver.

Answer 2

a gold standard.

Question 3

What South African city's population boomed after the discovery of gold in 1886?

A) Cape Town
B) Durban
C) Johannesburg
D) Soweto

Answer 3

Johannesburg

Question 4

Which of the following was NOT a major source of migrants in the late nineteenth century?

A) Russia
B) India
C) northern Europe
D) China

Question 5

Which German scientist, along with Fritz Haber, discovered how to synthesize ammonia on an industrial scale?

A) Albert Einstein
B) Heinrich Hertz
C) Niels Bohr
D) Carl Bosch

Question 6

Solid nitrates can be used to make which of the following?

A) gunpowder
B) dynamite
C) fertilizer
D) All these answers are correct.

Question 7

Italian physicist Guglielmo Marconi invented practical wireless technology based on what German scientist's work with radio waves?

A) Albert Einstein
B) Heinrich Hertz
C) Niels Bohr
D) Carl Bosch

Question 8

In 1877, Thomas Edison invented a machine that used a needle to store replicas of sound waves in grooves on the surface of a rotating cylinder, which became known as a

A) record player.
B) telephone.
C) phonograph.
D) radio.

Question 9

Who invented a camera capable of taking multiple photos as a rate of one per second?

A) Étienne-Jules Marey
B) D. Phalke
C) Louis Lumière
D) Thomas Edison

Question 10

The system of technology and organization that included the practice of hiring workers to perform the same specialized task over and over again was first utilized by and is most associated with

A) Gottlieb Daimler.
B) Henry Ford.
C) Carl Benz.
D) Rudolf Diesel.

Question 11

In 1895, how did Britain deal with domestic grain shortages caused by serious crop loss?

A) by raising more mutton domestically
B) by encouraging the population to eat more potatoes and tighten their belts
C) by importing more mutton from Australia
D) by importing grain from abroad

Question 12

Of the thirty-nine territories superimposed on Africa, thirty-seven were new European dependencies. The remaining two were

A) Monrovia and Somalia.
B) Somalia and Ethiopia.
C) Ethiopia and Liberia.
D) Liberia and Monrovia.

Question 13

Which of the following was typically one of the three principle goals imperial governors had regarding colonial rule?

A) colonial self-support
B) improving the well-being of colonists
C) Christianizing colonists
D) modernizing the colony's infrastructure

Question 14

The descendants of Dutch settlers in South Africa were known as

A) Afrikaners.
B) Creoles.
C) Voortrekkers.
D) the Orange.

Question 15

Which of the following was NOT a territory ruled by European whites in what is today the Republic of South Africa?

A) Lesotho
B) Transvaal
C) Natal
D) the Orange Free State

Question 16

What U.S. political movement brought together labor, education, and government reformers in the aftermath of the economic recession of 1893?

A) the Temperance League
B) the Free Soil Party
C) the Bull Moose
D) the progressives

Question 17

What new state was recognized by the Great Powers of Europe in response to rising nationalist tensions?

A) Bosnia
B) Serbia
C) Herzegovina
D) Croatia

Question 18

Of the five revolutions that occurred in the first eleven years of the twentieth century, which regime was NOT considered a dynastic relic?

A) Iran
B) Russia
C) Mexico
D) Turkey

Question 19

Who ruled Russia in the early twentieth century?

A) Ivan IV
B) Lenin
C) Nicholas II
D) Trotsky

Question 20

The probable reason that the tsar's regime survived the 1905 revolt is

A) the establishment of an elected parliament.
B) the military strength of the tsar's armies.
C) that most of the rural masses supported the tsar.
D) that the competing revolutionary factions could not unite.

Question 21

Desperate for money to maintain a lavish court, ________ borrowed large sums from Russian, British, and French banks.

A) Muzzafir al-Din Shah
B) Sultan Abd al-Hamid
C) Tsar Nicholas II
D) the Empress Dowager Cixi

Question 22

Liberal opponents of the Ottoman Turkish empire formed secret societies. What was the name of the umbrella organization that emerged for these societies?

A) the "Wobblies"
B) the Committee of Union and Progress
C) the Atta Turks
D) the Congress of Reform Organizations

Question 23

In the wake of the Sino-Japanese War, the Qing government gave up political control of ________ to European interests.

A) Korea
B) Taiwan
C) dozens of treaty ports
D) Okinawa

Question 24

Who did the "Harmonious Fists" target as the source of China's misfortunes?

A) Japan
B) European missionaries
C) the "Red Lanterns"
D) foreigners in general

Question 25

What type of republic did Mexico have before the revolution that started in 1910?

A) constitutional monarchy
B) partially restricted democracy
C) liberal republic dominated by elites
D) dictatorship with fixed elections

Question 26

What former horse trainer led an uprising in the south of Mexico?

A) Emiliano Zapata
B) Pancho Villa
C) Francisco Madero
D) Porfirio D'az

Question 27

Which was the only major state in Europe to NOT raise tariffs on the eve of World War I?

A) Britain
B) France
C) Germany
D) Russia

Question 28

What nation fielded Europe's largest army?

A) Britain
B) France
C) Germany
D) Russia

Question 29

Kaiser Wilhelm II competed with ________ for diplomatic influence in Morocco, a sovereign monarchy.

A) Britain
B) France
C) Italy
D) Russia

Question 30

The political and social profiles of Austria-Hungary, Russia, and the Ottoman empire were all similar in that

A) they were constitutional monarchies.
B) they could be described as nation-states.
C) each had diverse ethnolinguistic groups.
D) their populations were mostly urban.

Question 31

What was the name of the 1905 German plan to overpower France by a rapid and massive assault across Belgium?

A) the Maginot Plan
B) the Schlieffen Plan
C) the Blitzkrieg Plan
D) the Siegfried Plan

Question 32

Fighting on the Western Front was characterized by

A) field warfare with an emphasis on strategic movement.
B) static warfare with entrenched infantry.
C) hopscotch movements fighting from hedgerow to hedgerow.
D) armored warfare with the first use of tanks.

Question 33

How did fighting on the Eastern Front differ from that of the Western Front?

A) Troops on the Eastern Front were more dispersed.
B) On the Western Front, fighting was somewhat more mobile.
C) There were more guns available on the Eastern Front.
D) For all practical purposes it was identical.

Question 34

With the principal actors in World War I primarily in Europe, why didn't the conflict remain confined to Europe?

A) the nature of modern warfare
B) the size of the combatant navies
C) the colonies and vital commercial interests European nations held around the world
D) the thirty-six states that joined the Allies

Question 35

Which of Britain's colonies contributed the largest number of troops to the Allied cause?

A) South Africa
B) India
C) Egypt
D) Papua New Guinea

Question 36

What finally triggered the United States to enter the fighting in Europe?

A) mutual defense treaty obligations with the British
B) submarine attacks on neutral American shipping
C) the increased threat to Allied nations when Russia pulled out of the fighting
D) All these answers are correct.

Question 37

In what way was World War I different from any earlier war?

A) the heavy reliance on fortification
B) the use of machine guns
C) the use of aerial observation vehicles
D) the entire societies mobilized to fight the war

Question 38

Laws and deep-rooted traditions prevented women from volunteering for regular military service in any country except one. Which was that exception?

A) Britain
B) France
C) Germany
D) Russia

Question 39

What was the inspiration for the first battlefield tank?

A) caterpillars
B) farm tractors
C) the testudo infantry formation
D) None of these answers is correct.

Question 40

Which of the following was an activity of all governments during World War I, to a greater or lesser degree?

A) restricting civil liberties
B) expanding their role in social welfare
C) suspending elections
D) harassing Jews as an "enemy within"

Question 41

Which of the following was a dominant group in Russia's weak parliamentary assembly known as the duma in 1917?

A) urban activists
B) communists
C) constitutional liberals
D) radical conservatives

Question 42

Marxist leaders like Lenin and Trotsky looked to what constituency to further revolution?

A) the rural poor
B) the urban working class
C) constitutionalist liberals
D) the bourgeoisie

Question 43

In the Treaty of ________ (1918), Russia ceded to Germany all of the old empire's western borderlands.

A) Versailles
B) Berlin-Petrograd
C) Geneva
D) Brest-Litovsk

Question 44

How did World War I end?

A) when the kaiser's army was crushed in the field
B) with the Allied forces crossing the Rheine River into Germany's Ruhr Valley
C) in a German workers' revolution aided by the Russian Bolsheviks
D) with the Germans' retreat after meeting a wall of fresh American troops

Question 45

What was the economic situation in the United States in the aftermath of World War I?

A) The United States owed millions in war bond debts to Japan.
B) For the first time in history, the nation was not in debt.
C) Only the U.S. and Britain were financial winners.
D) Not much had changed in the United States during the war.

Question 46

What group had the highest risk of mortality from the flu pandemic that killed upwards of 40 million people worldwide?

A) the very young and very old
B) men and women from tropical zones
C) those who had survived exposure to battlefield toxins
D) men and women in their twenties

Question 47

What did Wilson's Fourteen Points emphasize?

A) collective security
B) secret bilateral deals
C) political support of the Russians
D) how to divide the spoils of victory

Question 48

The first formal organization of sovereign states dedicated to worldwide collective security through open negotiations was known as the

A) United Nations.
B) Hague Congress.
C) League of Nations.
D) North Atlantic Union.

Question 49

All of the following groups supported the Allies in the war EXCEPT

A) Poles.
B) Italians.
C) Romanians.
D) Turks.

Question 50

Which of the following nations was a creation of the Allied treaty makers?

A) Lithuania
B) Finland
C) Hungary
D) Romania

Question 51

Identify the four cities with populations of more than 1 million not located in western Europe or the Americas as of 1900.

Question 52

What did the synthesis of ammonia on an industrial scale allow for?

Question 53

Explain how the colonial powers divided Africa. How many territories were superimposed on Africa, and how many of these were new?

Question 54

Identify the five states that had revolutions in the first eleven years of the twentieth century.

Question 55

Identify the three multiethnic empires outside the western European powers. Besides being multiethnic, what did these three empires have in common?

Question 56

Briefly describe how World War I differed from any earlier war, focusing on what historians call "total war."

Question 57

Identify the five principal Allied powers who initiated the treaty-making process at Versailles in January of 1919.