Deck 11: Living With Cancer

Question 1

Approximately how many people in the United States developed cancer in 2010?

A) about 150,000
B) about 250,000
C) under 3,500,000
D) over 4,500,000

Answer 1

over 4,500,000

Question 2

At its most basic, cancer is a(n)

A) suppression of normal function in an organ.
B) uncontrolled replication of abnormal cells.
C) invasion of foreign substances into cells.
D) dysfunction of the immune system.

Answer 2

uncontrolled replication of abnormal cells.

Question 3

When regulatory genes in cells fail to function properly and allow cancer to develop, they are called

A) p53 genes.
B) oncogenes.
C) carcinogens.
D) proto-oncogenes.

Answer 3

oncogenes.

Question 4

To cause cancer, a mutation, carcinogen, or virus must

A) destroy cell membranes.
B) kill normal, healthy cells.
C) accelerate the growth of cells.
D) alter genetic information in cells.

Question 5

What is meant by the fact that cancer cells lack contact inhibition? They

A) don't stop accumulating when they have filled a space.
B) can coexist with all types of normal cells.
C) divide more rapidly than normal cells.
D) form tighter masses than normal cells.

Question 6

Metastasis is the term used to describe the cancer cell's ability to

A) spread to other sites in the body.
B) protect itself from toxic substances.
C) escape detection by the immune system.
D) command extra blood supply from the circulatory system.

Question 7

One of the dangerous properties of cancer cells is that they

A) ingest normal cells.
B) have an infinite life expectancy.
C) grow larger than normal cells.
D) can kill other cells on contact.

Question 8

A tumor that does not spread to other sites in the body is labeled

A) proto-oncogenic.
B) inoperable.
C) benign.
D) local.

Question 9

When doctors use terms such as carcinoma, sarcoma, and melanoma to describe cancers, they are naming them according to the

A) speed at which they spread.
B) basis of their cell type.
C) TNM staging system.
D) rate at which they are cured.

Question 10

The most commonly occurring malignant cancers are

A) carcinomas.
B) melanomas.
C) leukemias.
D) sarcomas.

Question 11

You can reduce your risk of developing melanoma by

A) avoiding cigarettes.
B) abstaining from alcohol use.
C) avoiding exposure to carcinogenic chemicals.
D) protecting yourself from excessive exposure to the sun.

Question 12

Hepatoma is cancer of the

A) endocrine system.
B) immune system.
C) connective tissue.
D) liver.

Question 13

Which of the following is the MOST lethal form of cancer for women?

A) breast
B) lung
C) ovarian
D) cervical

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE of people who have a hereditary risk of developing lung cancer?

A) They are genetically destined to have lung cancer.
B) They will have lung cancer if they become smokers.
C) If they do not smoke, they lower their lung cancer risk significantly.
D) Smoking is less significant as a lung cancer risk factor for them.

Question 15

What percentage of lung cancer victims are smokers?

A) about 50 percent
B) 65-75 percent
C) 85-90 percent
D) over 95 percent

Question 16

A Gail score of 1.66 percent indicates

A) low risk for breast cancer.
B) high risk for breast cancer
C) that a prophylactic mastectomy is required.
D) that the cancer is inoperable.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing breast cancer?

A) women whose menstrual period began at a later age
B) women who have had no children
C) women whose diet is high in fat
D) women who have used hormone replacement therapy

Question 18

Cheyenne learns from genetic screening that she has a mutated version of the BRCA1 gene. She also has a family history of breast cancer. The LEAST helpful recommendation for her is

A) a prophylactic mastectomy.
B) frequent, thorough examinations for breast cancer.
C) preventive drug therapy, if judged appropriate by her doctor.
D) breast self-examination and annual mammograms beginning at age 50.

Question 19

A prophylactic mastectomy is

A) removal of healthy breast tissue to avoid the risk of breast cancer.
B) a mastectomy that includes the immediate insertion of a breast implant.
C) removal of all breast tissue and nearby lymph nodes to treat breast cancer.
D) removal of the cancerous lump itself and a small amount of surrounding tissue.

Question 20

The most effective tool for identifying breast cancer is

A) mammography
B) a family history
C) self-examination
D) genetic screening

Question 21

Which type of skin cancer presents as a painless bump and is often mistaken for a cyst?

A) melanoma
B) basal cell
C) Merkel cell carcinoma
D) squamous cell

Question 22

Nina's doctor suggested that, instead of her annual X-ray mammogram, she will have an MRI exam. How should Nina respond? She

A) should toss a coin; both are equally good.
B) can be confident that her doctor is recommending a valuable, up-to-date procedure.
C) should inquire further to make sure that this is not a managed care attempt at cost cutting.
D) should inquire further, because MRI is more expensive and adds little diagnostic value.

Question 23

The most effective and currently available screening method for cervical cancer is

A) X-ray.
B) the Pap test.
C) HPV screening.
D) a vaginal blood test.

Question 24

Which drug therapy is highly effective for women whose type of breast cancer was stimulated by the presence of estrogen?

A) herceptin
B) hormone replacement therapy
C) cisplatin
D) tamoxifen

Question 25

The Pap test is the

A) use of a dye to enable X-ray identification of precancerous cells.
B) endoscopic examination of the uterine lining for abnormalities.
C) removal of a sample of cervical cells for examination.
D) screening blood samples for cancer cell markers.

Question 26

Sheryl has many sexual partners but wants to avoid cervical cancer. Besides regular Pap tests, she could BEST lower her risk by which of the following?

A) taking up smoking
B) abstaining from alcohol
C) taking a prescription antibiotic
D) using condoms

Question 27

Blood clots, endometrial cancer, stroke, and cataracts are all possible side effects of which class of drugs that is used to treat breast cancer?

A) aromatase inhibitors
B) estrogen receptor modulators
C) beta blockers
D) GVAX

Question 28

Uterine cancer is cancer of the

A) cervix.
B) ovaries.
C) vaginal canal.
D) wall of the uterus.

Question 29

The principal risk factor related to the development of uterine cancer is

A) high estrogen levels.
B) early menopause.
C) multiple sexual partners.
D) late onset of menstruation.

Question 30

Vaginal cancer is most likely to occur among

A) daughters of mothers who took the drug DES during pregnancy.
B) women who abuse barbiturates and tranquilizers.
C) daughters of breast cancer patients.
D) women who are sexually active.

Question 31

Thirty-five-year-old Tara is considering having her ovaries surgically removed to avoid the risk of ovarian cancer. In which of the following cases would this make the most sense?

A) She is unmarried.
B) She has had more than six children.
C) Her family has a strong history of ovarian cancer.
D) She was exposed to the drug DES before birth.

Question 32

Women in whom ovarian cancer has been diagnosed often report that the only symptoms were

A) sharp abdominal pains that are strongest during activity.
B) the disappearance of the sex drive.
C) nausea and vomiting.
D) digestive disturbances.

Question 33

Which of the following is the most prevalent cancer in males?

A) lung cancer
B) prostate cancer
C) testicular cancer
D) colorectal cancer

Question 34

The greatest risk factor for pancreatic cancer is

A) smoking.
B) obesity.
C) dietary fat intake.
D) sexual promiscuity.

Question 35

Which of the following has been shown to play a preventative role in ovarian cancer?

A) breastfeeding
B) an increase in the dietary intake of citrus juices
C) an increase in sexual activity
D) a diet high in phytoestrogens

Question 36

One of the most common symptoms of testicular cancer is

A) abdominal distress.
B) difficulty in urinating.
C) nausea and vomiting.
D) loss of sexual function.

Question 37

Which of the following types of solid tumors are most common among young men?

A) breast
B) prostate
C) testicular
D) colorectal

Question 38

The most important early detection measure for testicular cancer in men is

A) a urinalysis.
B) a yearly X-ray.
C) self-examination.
D) a yearly blood test.

Question 39

Treatment for testicular cancer most commonly includes

A) removal of both testicles and the prostate gland.
B) removal of the affected testicle.
C) chemotherapy.
D) radiation.

Question 40

Fred detects a small lump on one of his testicles and naturally wonders if he has cancer. He should be most suspicious if it

A) is painless.
B) is painful to the touch.
C) disappears the following day.
D) becomes larger and softer the following day.

Question 41

The second leading cause of cancer deaths in males is ___________ cancer.

A) colon
B) kidney
C) lymphatic
D) skin

Question 42

Small precancerous pouchings in the wall of the lower intestinal tract are called

A) nodes.
B) polyps.
C) lesions.
D) cystolas.

Question 43

The use of food, food products, or medications to bolster the immune system or reduce the damage caused by carcinogens is termed

A) chemoprevention.
B) chemonutrition.
C) chemointervention.
D) chemotherapy.

Question 44

Thirty-five-year-old Ken experienced a change in bowel habits, and a stool test revealed abnormal amounts of blood. The most likely next step for Ken is

A) chemotherapy.
B) a colonoscopy.
C) radiation treatments.
D) surgical removal of the colon.

Question 45

Pancreatic cancer is more common in

A) African American men.
B) Hispanic women.
C) Asian women.
D) Caucasian men.

Question 46

The most effective step toward preventing pancreatic cancer is to

A) consume no more than three alcoholic drinks a day.
B) eat more dietary fiber.
C) drink large quantities of fluid a day.
D) stop smoking.

Question 47

Your 56-year-old brother has been diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Which of the following scenarios is most likely?

A) He has only a 6 percent survival rate five years after diagnosis.
B) The disease will go into spontaneous remission.
C) He will die of another cause before this becomes lethal.
D) He will be cured if he receives appropriate medical treatment.

Question 48

One of the main difficulties in detecting lymphatic cancer is that

A) it is hard to diagnose.
B) there are no noticeable symptoms.
C) people are afraid to report it to their doctors.
D) the symptoms are similar to those of less serious illnesses.

Question 49

Which of the following is an effective method of preventing lymphoma?

A) Little can be done to prevent lymphoma.
B) a program of regular exercise
C) avoiding cigarettes and alcohol abuse
D) avoiding cigarettes and reducing dietary fat intake

Question 50

Prophylactic mastectomy attempts to eliminate the possibility of future cancer development.

Question 51

Mammography is the best early detection tool for breast cancer.

Question 52

The association between sexually transmitted infections (STDs) and cervical cancer is unclear.

Question 53

A woman's risk of developing uterine cancer is strongly linked to high levels of the hormone estrogen in her system.

Question 54

Surgical removal of the ovaries is not currently an option for ovarian cancer patients.

Question 55

Because of its vague symptoms, ovarian cancer is referred to as a "silent cancer."

Question 56

The most prevalent form of cancer in men is prostate cancer.

Question 57

Agricultural pesticides are thought to be a risk factor in the development of testicular cancer.

Question 58

Regardless of the stage at which it is detected, testicular cancer has a poor survivability rate.

Question 59

The incidence of colorectal cancer tends to run in families.

Question 60

Cancer of the pancreas is generally treated by surgical removal of the pancreas.

Question 61

The early symptoms of lymphoma are unique.

Question 62

The cure rate for non-melanoma types of skin cancer is nearly 100 percent.

Question 63

Weight loss is one of the seven early warning signs of cancer.

Question 64

Proper diet and exercise can lower your cancer risk.

Question 65

Cancer is a destructive disease. Describe its impact on the body.

Question 66

What prevention methods are available to reduce your risk for contracting skin cancer?

Question 67

Why is lung cancer the leading cause of cancer deaths?

Question 68

Describe the risk factors for breast cancer.

Question 69

Explain the importance of the Pap test.

Question 70

What are the warning signs of cancer?

Question 71

Explain how lifestyle changes can reduce your cancer risk.