Deck 29: Industrialization and Imperialism: the Making of the European Global Order

Question 1

Who defeated Britain at Isandhlwana in January 1879?

A) India
B) France
C) Germany
D) Zulus

Answer 1

Zulus

Question 2

Which of the following statements concerning the management of colonial enterprises by the Dutch and British East India companies is most accurate?

A) The directors of the companies were little interested in the acquisition of colonial territories.
B) The directors of the companies made precise plans for the expansion of company administrative control over the governments of indigenous peoples.
C) The companies were granted monopolies by governments with the clear expectation that they would conquer new territories for their respective nations.
D) The companies were mere figureheads for the active and direct intervention of European nations in the affairs of Asian peoples.

Answer 2

The directors of the companies were little interested in the acquisition of colonial territories.

Question 3

How were 18th century land empires in Asia accumulated?

A) By direct government intervention
B) By the policy of the directors of the Dutch and British East India companies
C) By the initiative of overseas agents of the Dutch and British East India companies acting in the absence of instructions from the company directors
D) No 18th century territorial acquisitions were made

Answer 3

By the initiative of overseas agents of the Dutch and British East India companies acting in the absence of instructions from the company directors

Question 4

Which of the following was the earliest example of a European empire built as a result of independent initiative of company agents?

A) Java
B) Siam
C) India
D) Libya

Question 5

Which of the following statements concerning the incursion of the Dutch East India company in Java is most accurate?

A) The Dutch were content in the 1620s to be the vassals of the sultan of Mataram.
B) The Dutch won a series of military victories in the 1620s that established their military dominance in Java.
C) The Dutch relied on ships and military forces from Holland to establish their initial supremacy in Java.
D) The Dutch replaced the local rulers with a company directorate to govern the colony of Java in the 1620s.

Question 6

What tactic led to the Dutch control of the entire island of Java?

A) The Dutch won a series of naval battles over forces of the sultan of Mataram.
B) The Dutch introduced African mercenaries into Java to secure a military victory.
C) The Dutch, using mercenary forces recruited from the people of Java, intervened in succession disputes in return for grants of land.
D) The Dutch used the process of conversion of masses of the Javanese people as well as the elite to gain a position of supremacy on Java.

Question 7

In what way was the British East India Company?s intrusion into India similar to the Dutch entry into Java?

A) The conversion of the Indian elite to Christianity
B) The use of mercenaries recruited from among indigenous peoples
C) The British removal of all local rulers in the 18th century
D) The direct intervention of the British government

Question 8

In which of the following ways was the British experience in India different from that of the Dutch in Java?

A) The lack of involvement of the British East India Company
B) The absence of intervention in local squabbles and succession disputes in India
C) The failure to use indigenous peoples in recruited armies
D) The existence of a global imperial rivalry with the French

Question 9

What was the critical battle in which the British defeated a combined force of Indians and French?

A) Nawab
B) Siraj-ud-daula
C) Plassey
D) Calicut

Question 10

Who was the British commander during the military victories over the French in India during the 18th century?

A) Lord Cornwallis
B) Robert Clive
C) John Churchill, the Duke of Marlborough
D) Richard Arkwright

Question 11

The victory of the forces of the British East India Company over the French gave them direct control of

A) Bengal.
B) Punjab.
C) the Indus River valley.
D) Mysore.

Question 12

The territories controlled by the British East India Company expanded concurrently with the collapse of the

A) Safavid dominions.
B) Mughal Empire.
C) Mauryan territories.
D) Raj.

Question 13

Which of the following cities was NOT one of the administrative centers of the three presidencies established by the British East India Company?

A) Madras
B) Bombay
C) Calcutta
D) Delhi

Question 14

In what year did the British win the battle of Plassey?

A) 1754
B) 1789
C) 1832
D) 1757

Question 15

Which of the following was NOT a handicap faced by the Indian princes in defending their kingdoms from the British?

A) The lack of a sense of national identity in India
B) The willingness of Indians to serve in the British armies
C) The continued warfare among the Indian princes
D) The success of the British in winning many converts to Christianity

Question 16

All of the following were reasons why India became the pivot of the great British empire EXCEPT

A) the size of the Indian land army.
B) the utility of Indian ports in maintaining British sea power.
C) the residence of more white settlers than any other British colony.
D) the existence of raw materials useful to the British industries.

Question 17

Which of the following statements concerning colonial society in India and Java prior to 1850 is most accurate?

A) The Dutch and British were content to leave the social systems of Java and India pretty much as they found them.
B) The massive conversion of the Javanese to Protestantism created a significant change in social mores, but the British were unable to carry out a similar change in India.
C) The arrival of the British and the Dutch completely destroyed the original social hierarchies of India and Java.
D) The Dutch and British incursions resulted in the removal of the indigenous aristocracies and the substitution of direct European control of the peasants.

Question 18

Which of the following statements concerning European interaction with indigenous peoples prior to 1850 is most accurate?

A) Social taboos effectively prevented any social interaction between Europeans and indigenous peoples.
B) As most of the Europeans were male, social interaction was limited to sexual exploitation of females in brothels or as slaves.
C) Mixed marriages between European males and indigenous females became widely accepted, particularly in Java.
D) Both European males and females intermarried with indigenous peoples on a common basis.

Question 19

The later representatives of the British East India Company who went out to secure sudden wealth, often through corruption, were called

A) nawabs.
B) nabobs.
C) nizards.
D) nygards.

Question 20

Who was responsible for the sweeping reforms in India in the 1790s?

A) Robert Clive
B) Richard Arkwright
C) Lord Cornwallis
D) General John Burgoyne

Question 21

What English religious movement was critical to the social reform movement in the British Empire by the beginning of the 19th century?

A) Erastian
B) Calvinist
C) Evangelical
D) Separatist

Question 22

Jeremy Bentham and James Mill were leaders of what philosophical movement that supported social reform in the colonies?

A) Sophism
B) Scientific Positivism
C) Social Darwinism
D) Utilitarianism

Question 23

Which of the following countries granted citizenship to educated inhabitants of their colonies?

A) Britain
B) Germany
C) Holland
D) France

Question 24

During what decade did European countries reduce much of Africa, Asia, and the Pacific to colonial possessions?

A) 1840s
B) 1850s
C) 1860s
D) 1870s

Question 25

In the first half of the 19th century, what European nation dominated overseas trade and empire building?

A) Holland
B) Portugal
C) Britain
D) Germany

Question 26

Which of the following nations did NOT enter the competitive race for colonial empire and industrial supremacy after 1870?

A) Germany
B) Belgium
C) Spain
D) The United States

Question 27

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

A) European nations were military superior to African nations in the early 20th century.
B) European nations cooperated to defeat the outmanned armies of African nations.
C) European nations rapidly came to agreements over the territorial division of colonial holdings.
D) The League of Nations supervised the construction of European colonial empires.

Question 28

Which of the following was NOT a motive for expansion in the late 19th century?

A) The pressure of public opinion
B) The use of colonies as pressure valves to release the pressures of unemployed workers and surplus goods
C) The absence of influence of political leaders in the European countries
D) The need to ensure a supply of raw materials

Question 29

The jingoistic press and the extension of the vote to the lower middle and working classes

A) made public opinion a major factor in foreign policy.
B) left the planning of imperial expansion to the European aristocracy.
C) made imperial expansion impossible to achieve.
D) led to demands for massive programs of emigration from European countries.

Question 30

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

A) Faced with the advanced military technology of the Europeans, indigenous people ceased resisting the imperial advance.
B) Despite advances in military technology, the Europeans remained unable to overcome the Asian advantages in population.
C) African and Asian peoples often fiercely resisted colonial rule, although without realistic chances of permanent success.
D) No African or Asian military forces won set piece battles.

Question 31

Which of the following descriptions most accurately defines the term ?tropical dependencies??

A) Imperial possessions in which the numbers of European settlers and indigenous peoples were approximately equal
B) Colonies in which small numbers of Europeans ruled large numbers of non -Western peoples
C) Colonies with substantial majorities of white, European immigrants
D) Colonies that were largely unpopulated prior to the coming of the Europeans

Question 32

Which of the following is an example of a ?White Dominion??

A) New Zealand
B) Hawaii
C) Australia
D) Kenya

Question 33

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the European strategy with respect to their control of tropical dependencies?

A) The Europeans exploited longstanding ethnic and cultural divisions between indigenous peoples.
B) European colonialism depended on wholesale conversions to Christianity.
C) In many cases, the Europeans utilized their military superiority to carry out genocide against African and Asian peoples.
D) Colonial rulers tended to favor Muslims at the expense of other minorities in African and Asian colonies because of the level of education of Muslim peoples.

Question 34

How did the establishment of educational systems in Africa differ from those of Java and India?

A) They depended more on state assistance than on religious missionaries
B) They depended more on religious missionaries than on state support
C) Educational systems in Africa were run almost exclusively by indigenous peoples
D) There was more higher education promoted in Africa

Question 35

Which of the following incentives to greater production was commonly utilized by colonizers in the later 19th century?

A) Higher wages
B) Better living conditions
C) The imposition of head or hut taxes payable in commodities
D) The construction of European-style workers? communities

Question 36

Which of the following economic sectors did NOT increase as a result of European economic exploitation of their colonies?

A) Mining
B) Cocoa
C) Palm oil
D) Food crops

Question 37

Which of the following statements concerning the internal economies of the European colonies is most accurate?

A) The introduction of European technology such as railways and telegraphs were intended to improve the internal economies of the colonies.
B) Slowly, the industrial system of the West, including factories and the production of manufactured goods, was introduced into Africa and Asia.
C) By 1914, Asian and African colonies had won economic independence from the European colonizers.
D) Colonial economies were steadily reduced to dependence on the European -dominated global market.

Question 38

To which areas did most of British foreign investment flow by 1913?

A) White Dominions
B) India
C) West Africa
D) South Africa

Question 39

What event set the Boer colony in South Africa on a different path than the White Dominions of Canada and Australia?

A) The arrival of the Bantu into those regions settled by the Boers in the 1790s
B) Uprising among the Khoikhoi in 1802
C) The annexation of the colony by the British in 1815
D) The German invasion of southern Africa in 1902

Question 40

Which of the following was a republic founded by the Boers in the 1850s?

A) Oudenaarde
B) Ryswick
C) Transvaal
D) Senegal

Question 41

Which of the following was NOT a result of the first contact between the Maoris and Europeans during the 1790s?

A) The spread of alcoholism and prostitution
B) The introduction of European firearms to Maori warfare
C) The introduction of European diseases such as smallpox
D) Peaceful relations between the Maoris and the white settlers

Question 42

Hawaii was effectively opened to the West through the voyages of

A) Magellan.
B) Captain James Cook.
C) Henry Hudson.
D) Admiral Farragut.

Question 43

What Hawaiian prince created a united kingdom in 1810 with the aid of British weapons and advisors?

A) Makepani
B) Mahele
C) Haoalele
D) Kamehameha

Question 44

In what ways was the British conquest of India similar to the Dutch colonization of Java? In what ways was it different?

Question 45

One of the first elements of European reform within the colonies was the introduction of educational systems. In what sense did the introduction of Western education plant the seeds of decolonization?

Question 46

In what ways did the process of industrialization and national centralization typical of 19th century Europe alter the process of imperialism?

Question 47

In what ways did the colonizers of the late 19th century control the indigenous peoples and increase economic exploitation?

Question 48

In what ways did the colonial experience of ʺcontested settler coloniesʺ differ from that of
ʺtropical dependenciesʺ?