Deck 33: Descent Into the Abyss: World War I and the Crisis of the European Global Order

Question 1

Approximately how long did World War I last?

A) About four years
B) About two years
C) About six years
D) About one year

Answer 1

About four years

Question 2

Which of the following nations did NOT comprise the Triple Entente alliance in the the early 1900s?

A) Germany
B) Britain
C) France
D) Russia

Answer 2

Germany

Question 3

Which of the following was NOT a French colony in north Africa at the outbreak of WWI?

A) Libya
B) Morocco
C) Tunisia
D) Algeria

Answer 3

Libya

Question 4

What was the region of Europe that produced the most diplomatic crises prior to World War I?

A) Scandinavia
B) The Balkans
C) Italy
D) Spain

Question 5

What two European powers were directly involved in the Balkan diplomacy?

A) Germany and Russia
B) Russia and Britain
C) Russia and Austria-Hungary
D) France and Austria-Hungary

Question 6

Which of the following was NOT an event leading to the outbreak of World War I?

A) The assassination of the Austrian Archduke by a Serbian nationalist
B) Austria?s declaration of war on Serbia
C) The mobilization of the Russian army
D) France?s invasion of Belgium

Question 7

Germany?s leaders counted on WHAT to help them overwhelm the Belgians and French?

A) Their country?s superb railway system
B) Small, but lightning-quick armies
C) Submarine warfare
D) Diplomacy

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a reason for the quick suppression of the Russian armies during the first weeks of the war?

A) Aristocratic generals
B) Uncoded battle commands
C) Destruction of the Russian fleet at Leningrad
D) Ineffective artillery cover

Question 9

As a direct consequence of the war

A) women?s participation in the labor force increased greatly.
B) women?s participation in the labor force increased only slightly.
C) women?s participation in the labor force decreased significantly.
D) women?s participation in the labor force stayed basically at the same levels.

Question 10

Which of the following countries did NOT have colonies outside of Europe at the outbreak of the war?

A) France
B) Britain
C) Austria-Hungary
D) Italy

Question 11

The sea warfare during World War I consisted largely of

A) major surface battles between the fleets of Britain and Germany.
B) a single major battle in which the German fleet destroyed the Russian navy.
C) German submarine warfare.
D) the British attempt to destroy the Russian fleet in the Mediterranean.

Question 12

By 1916, conflict on the Western Front

A) had become a shifting game of rapid maneuver with few major battles.
B) had resulted in the surrender of France and the establishment of the Vichy government.
C) had resulted in victory for the British and French troops who pushed the exhausted enemy to the borders of Germany.
D) had settled into a deadly stalemate in which hundreds of thousands of lives were expended for a few feet of trench.

Question 13

On the Austro-Hungarian front, the primary combatants were Italy and

A) Germany.
B) Russia.
C) Austria-Hungary.
D) France.

Question 14

Between 1914 and 1917, warfare on the Eastern Front

A) pitted the forces of Russian, and Austria-Hungary against the invading Germans.
B) included parts of Russia and the Balkans.
C) resulted in the Serbian knockout of the Austrian forces.
D) featured bloody trench warfare in which almost no land changed hands.

Question 15

Which of the following was NOT a feature of war on the home front between 1914 and 1919?

A) Governments organized the major sectors of the economy to ration resources and production
B) Executive branches of government increasingly took over from parliaments
C) Governments controlled public opinion through manipulation of mass media such as newspapers
D) Strict government regulation prevented material shortages and famine

Question 16

Which of the following statements concerning the global aspects of World War I is most accurate?

A) The British dominions, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, remained aloof and virtually untouched by the war.
B) By 1914, the United States had not entered the scramble for colonial possessions.
C) American businessmen prior to 1917 profited by selling goods to both sides and by taking advantage of European distractions to seize new world markets.
D) The United States aggressively entered the war in 1914 to demonstrate its new position as a world power.

Question 17

What nation profited most by warfare in Asia between 1914 and 1919?

A) Japan
B) China
C) New Zealand
D) The United States

Question 18

During World War I, the Ottoman Empire

A) vainly attempted to retain its neutrality in what the Turks perceived was a Christian conflict.
B) long attached to German military advisors, joined Germany in the war effort.
C) used the opportunity to reassert Turkish dominance over the Arab regions.
D) launched assaults indifferently against the colonial possessions of Britain, France, and Germany.

Question 19

The British promised support for a Jewish settlement in the Middle East in the

A) Sinai Resolution.
B) Exodus Pact.
C) Chamberlain Manifesto.
D) Balfour Declaration.

Question 20

By 1917 the war on the Eastern Front

A) had stagnated into a stalemate in which neither side had an advantage.
B) led to a major revolution in Russia that toppled the tsarist government.
C) was resolved by a peace treaty between the combatants.
D) resulted in a massive Russian offensive fueled by the numerical superiority of Russian armies.

Question 21

In what year did the German forces on the Eastern Front sue for peace?

A) 1916
B) 1917
C) 1918
D) 1919

Question 22

Before their surrender, the German generals running the government

A) installed a new civilian government to shoulder the blame of defeat.
B) murdered the emperor.
C) issued a statement accepting blame for the policies that had led to World War I.
D) overthrew the civilian government and established a military dictatorship.

Question 23

The series of treaties that ended World War I were negotiated at

A) Potsdam.
B) Brest-Litovsk.
C) London.
D) Versailles.

Question 24

Which of the following was NOT included in the final set of treaties that ended World War I?

A) A League of Nations was formed, but the United States refused to join.
B) Russia was rewarded for its service to the Allies by the grant of substantial territories in Poland and the Baltic republics.
C) Germany was forced to accept blame for the war and to pay huge reparations to the victorious Allies.
D) Austria-Hungary was divided up into a Germanic Austria as well independent states of Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia.

Question 25

Approximately how many people died as a result of the carnage of World War I?

A) One million
B) Two million
C) Five million
D) 10 million

Question 26

As a result of its participation in World War I, the Ottoman Empire

A) effectively collapsed.
B) recovered its control over the Arab regions of the empire, including Egypt.
C) was rewarded by the grant of substantial territories in the Balkans.
D) recovered land previously lost to Russia.

Question 27

Which of the following was NOT carved from the Ottoman Empire at the end of World War I?

A) Turkish republic
B) Greece
C) British mandates in Palestine and Iraq
D) French mandates in Syria and Lebanon

Question 28

What was the Dinshawai incident?

A) A party of Egyptian guerillas tore up much of the Egyptian railway system.
B) A group of British officers were imprisoned in a great hole in Khartoum.
C) British officers hunting pigeons accidentally shot the wife of a Muslim prayer leader and were subsequently assaulted.
D) The British tore down an Islamic mosque to construct a cathedral.

Question 29

What was the outcome of the Dinshawai incident in Egypt?

A) The British withdrew from Egypt prior to World War I.
B) The British were forced to suppress a revolt led by the Mahdi in the Sudan.
C) Mass support, including the emergence of ayan allegiance, for the national cause grew in Egypt.
D) Islamic mullahs began to preach against the nationalist movement.

Question 30

By 1913, the British

A) had granted full independence to Egypt.
B) had eliminated resistance to their regime in Egypt.
C) granted a constitution to Egyptian nationalists.
D) had withdrawn from Egypt.

Question 31

Prior to World War I, what was the primary difference between Egyptian and the Indian nationalist movements?

A) In India a single political party dominated the nationalist movement, but in Egypt a variety of rival parties proliferated.
B) The Egyptian nationalist movement was dominated by peasantry, while in India Western-educated lawyers ran the movement.
C) Whereas India had been dominated by the British since the 18th century, Europeans played no role in Egyptian colonialism.
D) Egypt lacked an educated elite capable of assuming leadership of the nationalist movement.

Question 32

What group within Egypt took up the cause of national independence and decolonization?

A) The ayan
B) The Turco-Egyptian political elite
C) Sons of the effendi
D) The peasants

Question 33

Which of the following groups did NOT benefit from the British economic reforms in Egypt?

A) The ayan
B) The Egyptian bourgeoisie
C) The peasants
D) The Turco-Egyptian political elite

Question 34

What British political officer dominated government policy in Egypt after 1882 and pushed for economic reforms intended to reduce the khedival debt?

A) Lord Afton
B) Lord Cromer
C) Lord Bentinck
D) General Gordon

Question 35

British occupation of Egypt meant double colonization by the British and

A) the French.
B) the Arabs.
C) the Germans.
D) the Turks.

Question 36

The British first occupied Egypt following the Ahmad Orabi revolt in

A) 1805.
B) 1867.
C) 1882.
D) 1914.

Question 37

Egypt is the one country in the Afro-Asian world in which

A) decolonization occurred in the 19th century.
B) decolonization failed to occur until the 1980s.
C) European countries failed to establish a colonial base until after World War I.
D) the emergence of nationalism preceded European conquest and domination.

Question 38

Which of the following statements concerning the leadership of the decolonization movement in India just prior to World War I is most correct?

A) Leadership was assumed by more radical members of the Congress Party such as Tilak just before 1914.
B) The Congress Party lost its leadership role to the Socialist Party, which was more willing to court the masses of the Indian peasantry.
C) Tilak?s removal and the repression campaigns against terrorists, along with British reforms, strengthened the hands of the Western-educated moderates in Congress.
D) It is difficult, if not impossible, to identify leadership in the fragmented Congress Party of 1914.

Question 39

What British reform in 1909 provided educated Indians with expanded opportunities both to elect and to serve on local and all-India legislative councils?

A) The Halstead-Coleman reforms
B) The Cornwallis Commission
C) The Bentinck reforms
D) The Morley-Minto reforms

Question 40

Where was the terrorist movement most concentrated in India before World War I?

A) Deccan plateau
B) Punjab
C) Bengal
D) Bombay

Question 41

Who was the first Indian leader with a genuine mass following?

A) J. Nehru
B) M. K. Gandhi
C) M. A. Jinnah
D) B. G. Tilak

Question 42

A large portion of the government of India?s budget went to all of the following EXCEPT

A) high salaries and pensions of British administrators.
B) the purchase of railway equipment and steel from Great Britain.
C) the huge Indian army, often engaged outside of India.
D) state support for the development of Indian industries.

Question 43

By the last years of the 19th century, the Congress Party was appealing to

A) investors and businessmen.
B) peasants.
C) laborers.
D) untouchables.

Question 44

Which of the following statements concerning the position of the early Congress Party is most accurate?

A) It was committed to relieving the poverty of the Indian masses
B) It demanded the immediate decolonization of India
C) It was loyal to the British rulers and primarily concerned with interests of the Indian elite
D) It was closely involved with the development of a strong labor movement within Indian industry

Question 45

In 1885, regional associations of Western-educated Indians came together to form the

A) Indian Socialist Workers Party.
B) Liberal Party.
C) Revolutionary Nationalist Party.
D) Indian National Congress Party.

Question 46

What nationalist movement pioneered patterns of decolonization and European retreat?

A) Kenya
B) India
C) Vietnam
D) Algeria

Question 47

What made colonial regimes particularly vulnerable to challenges from within?

A) The growing industrialization of colonial societies
B) The fact that colonial governments were built in collaboration with indigenous elite groups
C) Their dependence on European military forces
D) The dependence of plantation economies on the West

Question 48

Which of the following statements concerning the early nationalist movements of Africa is most accurate?

A) French-speaking west Africans tended to concentrate their efforts at political representation within their colonies.
B) By the mid-1920s, racist views of African society were becoming more strident, and most Europeans refused to countenance the concept of a progressive African culture.
C) Pan-Africanism, linking all Africans in a single national movement for independence, was the most successful apparatus for achieving decolonization.
D) The early leadership of pan-African organizations was more often American and West Indian than African.

Question 49

Discuss the aftermath of World War I and its effect on European society.

Question 50

How did World War I affect societies outside of western Europe?

Question 51

Discuss the changes in gender roles brought about by the war.

Question 52

Discuss Ghandiʹs approach to the removal of the British from India.

Question 53

Discuss Zionism and how World War I helped make possible the creation of a Jewish homeland.