Deck 19: Life Cycle Nutrition: Older Adults

Question 1

The 85- and- older population is

A) growing rapidly.
B) stabilizing.
C) growing slowly.
D) decreasing.

Answer 1

growing rapidly.

Question 2

Obesity, diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, heart disease, stroke, and cancer are linked to

A) poor nutrition.
B) depression.
C) poor nutrition and inactivity.
D) isolation.

Answer 2

poor nutrition and inactivity.

Question 3

The number one physical activity among older Americans is

A) running.
B) walking.
C) power walking.
D) gardening.

Answer 3

walking.

Question 4

Who among the following has the lowest muscle mass? Mary who is

A) 56 years old
B) 46 years old
C) 66 years old
D) 76 years old

Question 5

Who among the following have the lowest bone density? Mary who is

A) 76 years old
B) 46 years old
C) 66 years old
D) 56 years old

Question 6

With aging, the senses of vision, hearing, taste, and smell

A) disappear.
B) diminish.
C) stabilize.
D) expand.

Question 7

Among older adults, butter or olive oil, cheese, nuts, fresh herbs, mustard, hot pepper, spices, or lemon or lime juice can be added to improve the diminished sense of

A) smell.
B) constipation.
C) reduced GI motility.
D) nutrient losses.

Question 8

Among older adults, social isolation, solitary eating, and depression are linked to

A) diminished smell.
B) hearing loss.
C) vision loss.
D) diminished taste.

Question 9

A diet high in saturated fat and low in antioxidants and fiber can _________ the aging process.

A) reduce
B) accelerate
C) minimally neutralize
D) stop

Question 10

The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism recommends that those over age 65 who are healthy and do not take medications should limit alcohol consumption to seven drinks a week and no more than _________on a given day.

A) 3 beers
B) 3 drinks
C) 5 drinks
D) 5 beers

Question 11

Community resources for older adults such as congregate meals

A) are mandatory at senior centers.
B) have been ineffective at providing nutritional support
C) have been effective at providing nutritional support.
D) are advertised to those who are under 65 year olds at senior centers.

Question 12

Grandma Moses lives alone in rural Florida, has arthritis, is often depressed and lives alone since her husband died ten years ago. She never learned to drive. Which program would you recommend for her?

A) the Food Stamp program
B) congregate meals
C) the Older Americans Act
D) Meals on Wheels

Question 13

Older adults who drive and do not have enough money for food would benefit from

A) Older American Meals.
B) congregate meals.
C) the Older Americans Act.
D) meals on wheels.

Question 14

The plant- based diet that helps reduce hypertension is the

A) DASH diet.
B) high omega- 3 fat meal program.
C) congregate meals.
D) Meals- on- Wheels program.

Question 15

Older adults should ensure that they get an adequate intake of high- quality lean protein, complex carbohydrates, and unsaturated fat; and that they consume enough fluid, vitamins D and B12, iron, calcium, zinc; and they also need to decrease_________intake.

A) omega- 3 fat
B) fiber
C) sodium
D) potassium

Question 16

Physiological effects of aging include reduced muscle mass, increased body fat; a decrease in immune function; declining sensory abilities; and_________digestion.

A) more efficient
B) slower
C) more effective
D) faster

Question 17

At age 71, vitamin D needs

A) decrease.
B) increase.
C) plummet to zero.
D) stabilize.

Question 18

Metabolism slows with age, so older adults need _________kilocalories than their younger counterparts.

A) more
B) fewer
C) more fiber
D) more fat

Question 19

Depression, social isolation and grief may lead to_________appetites among older adults.

A) reduced
B) zeroed
C) doubled
D) increased

Question 20

Nearly half of Americans age 65 and older report having been diagnosed with

A) arthritis.
B) depression.
C) cancer.
D) dementia.

Question 21

Osteoporosis, macular degeneration, cataracts, and Alzheimer's disease can be treated by

A) exercise.
B) eating a balanced diet.
C) positive thinking.
D) over- the- counter medications.

Question 22

Poor older Americans are less likely than middle- class Americans to

A) have multiple chronic conditions.
B) eat a balanced diet.
C) read the Older Americans Act.
D) buy cooked fruits and vegetables.

Question 23

Disabilities such as trouble with mobility, vision, or hearing are

A) temporary.
B) rare among older adults.
C) interfering with the ability of older adults to shop for food and prepare meals.
D) neutralized because most older adults receive congregate meals or meals- on- wheels.

Question 24

Older adults are at increased risk of

A) anemia.
B) pica.
C) hypertension.
D) eating disorders.

Question 25

To normalize blood pressure levels, older adults need to be

A) eating a balanced diet, limiting alcohol intake, and maintaining a healthy weight.
B) eating more low- fat beef, pork, chicken, and turkey.
C) eating more sodium and less potassium.
D) eating more saturated fat and less fiber.

Question 26

Reduced muscle mass or sarcopenia can be alleviated by

A) doing more strength- training exercises.
B) eating more animal protein.
C) eating more protein.
D) eating more plant protein.

Question 27

Poor nutrition and a sedentary lifestyle are_________older Americans' risk for chronic disease and premature death.

A) reducing
B) neutralizing
C) increasing
D) zeroing

Question 28

Brain function may slow because of an age- related decline in the levels of neurotransmitters and in blood

A) quantity.
B) flow.
C) quality.
D) iron levels.

Question 29

Older adults need to be drinking

A) six to eight 8- ounce glasses of fluids every day, most of it as water.
B) as much water as possible, until the urine is yellow.
C) as little water as possible.
D) water as needed.

Question 30

Vitamins A, D, and B12 and the minerals iron, zinc, and calcium are

A) underconsumed by older adults.
B) consumed in such small quantities that all older adults need supplements of these nutrients.
C) problem nutrients for older adults because their prescribed medications block nutrient absorption.
D) overconsumed by older adults.

Question 31

Older adults should strive to reach their

A) lifespan.
B) chronologic and physical age.
C) longevity.
D) chronologic age.

Question 32

Among older adults, vitamins A, C, B12, and E, iron and zinc are often

A) consumed in admirable amounts.
B) undigested.
C) overconsumed.
D) underconsumed.

Question 33

Senescence begins at conception and ends at death.

Question 34

Most older do not meet national physical activity guidelines.

Question 35

Lifespan is the maximum age to which members of a species can live, and longevity is the duration of an individual's life.

Question 36

Persons who limit sodium consumption to no more than 2,400 mg daily; consuming a heart- healthy diet that is abundant in fruits, vegetables, and low- fat dairy products with 58% carbohydrate, 15% protein, and 27% fat; maintain a normal, healthy body mass; participating inbrisk walking for 30 minutes per day most days of the week; and drink no alcohol are likely to have normal blood pressure levels.

Question 37

Vision, hearing, taste, and smell are diminished with age, and these losses may in turn reduce appetite, food intake, and eating enjoyment.

Question 38

Increased saliva production, dysphagia, reduced gastric secretions, and slower GI motility are common gastrointestinal difficulties among older adults.

Question 39

Brain function may slow because of an age- related decline in the levels of neurotransmitters.

Question 40

Among older adults, stomach emptying may slow, and this may reduce hunger and thus food and nutrient intake.

Question 41

Slowed peristalsis can lead to constipation, gas, and bloating.

Question 42

Older adults, especially those who have limited food intake, may not consume adequate amounts of vitamins A, C, B12, and E, as well as iron and zinc.

Question 43

Sarcopenia is age- related progressive loss of muscle mass, muscle strength, and function.

Question 44

A diet of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean- protein foods and full- fat dairy products helps to prevent heart and brain disease.

Question 45

It is better for older adults to walk alone so that they can control the pace.

Question 46

Green, leafy vegetables; blueberries, cherries, and raspberries may decrease the risk of cataracts.

Question 47

Marie has a family history of cataracts so she should eat more green, leafy vegetables; blueberries, cherries, and raspberries.

Question 48

Consumption of broccoli, corn, squash, and dark green, leafy vegetables may reduce the risk of age- related macular degeneration.

Question 49

There is no cure for osteoporosis, but medications and a balanced diet, dietary supplements as necessary, and regular weight- bearing exercise can slow bone loss.

Question 50

Managing gout means controlling weight; limiting meat, poultry, and fish; cutting back on saturated fat; limiting or avoiding alcohol, especially beer; limiting foods with high- fructose corn syrup; eating more whole grains and fewer refined grains; choosing low- fat or fat- free dairy products; and drinking less than 8 glasses of water.

Question 51

Persons who are obese, have been diagnosed with hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease, excessive alcohol intake, or who have a family history of gout are likely to have gout.

Question 52

Since John's father and uncles have been diagnosed with gout, John would benefit from a diet which is high in potassium, fiber, animal fat; and his urine should be clear.

Question 53

Alicia's mother and grandmother have both been diagnosed with osteoporosis, so Alicia needs to eat more sodium- rich foods, begin a swimming program.

Question 54

Elaine has been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis so she needs to avoid the following foods: foods which are rich in the antioxidant vitamins C and E, foods with the flavonoid group of phytochemicals, foods which contain omega- 3 fats, and olive oil.

Question 55

Vision and hearing impairments; chronic respiratory distress; difficulty carrying groceries, reaching overhead, climbing stairs, and rising from a chair; living alone make it difficult for older adults to shop for and prepare meals.

Question 56

Individuals who have constipation or diverticulosis would benefit from having as much fiber and fluid as possible.

Question 57

The right amounts of vitamins C and E, lutein and zeaxanthin, and zinc may lower their risk of cataracts and age- related macular degeneration.

Question 58

Calcium- , magnesium- , and potassium- rich foods may lower blood pressure.

Question 59

Foods which are rich in calcium, vitamins D and K, and protein may slow the development of osteoporosis.

Question 60

For older adults, a protein- rich diet should include lean meats, seafood, poultry, eggs, legumes, seeds, nuts, and soy products.

Question 61

To reverse osteoporosis, every day, older adults need to consume two servings of calcium and vitamin D- rich foods, including fortified fat- free and 1% low- fat milk or soymilk, yogurt, greens, canned salmon with bones, legumes, and tofu processed with calcium sulfate.

Question 62

For older adults, a low- fat animal protein diet which contains a variety of nutrient- dense fruits and vegetables provide antioxidants and phytochemicals that help protect cells against free radicals.

Question 63

Older adults need to drink 6 8- ounce glasses of water every day.

Question 64

Older adults would benefit from eating a fiber- rich diet by including 2 servings of fruits, 2 servings of vegetables, and 3 servings of whole grains daily.

Question 65

The best dietary strategy for aging adults to prevent chronic diseases is to consume a varied, nutrient- and phytochemical- dense, heart- healthy diet.

Question 66

The Food and Drug Administration monitors supplements and botanicals so rigorously that there is no need for persons to consult a health care provider before self- prescribing them.

Question 67

Older adults do not need to read the labels of over- the- counter medications because only prescribed medications interact with food.

Question 68

Explain how lifespan is different to longevity.

Question 69

Which gastrointestinal changes are associated with aging?

Question 70

Describe the main difference between chronologic and physiological age.

Question 71

Name key nutrients that are typically underconsumed by older Americans.

Question 72

What is sarcopenia?

Question 73

How do nutrients in foods and medications interact?

Question 74

How much alcohol should older adults drink?

Question 75

How is hypertension defined?

Question 76

What impact will the rising number of older adults?

Question 77

Which physiological changes are associated with aging?

Question 78

What is the role of nutrition with physiological changes of aging?

Question 79

How do Meals- on- Wheels and congregate meal programs differ?

Question 80

Which nutrition conditions can be helped by eating a balanced diet?