Deck 8: Supporting Structures

Question 1

Which is a gingival fiber?

A) Horizontal
B) Oblique
C) Circular
D) Apical

Answer 1

C
Circular fibers are one component of the gingival fibers that connect the gingiva to the tooth. This meshwork of collagenous fibers travels in multiple directions and includes transseptal fibers, which attach to adjacent teeth. The remaining selections are a portion of the periodontal fibers, another unit of fibers that attach to the alveolar bone and cementum.

Question 2

Bundle bone is the collection of numerous layers of bone added to the socket wall through apposition. Because it is relatively new bone, it has no attachment with the periodontal ligament.

A) Both statements are true.
B) The first statement is true; the second is false.
C) The first statement is false; the second is true.
D) Both statements are false.

Answer 2

B
The term bundle bone applies when numerous layers of bone are added to the socket wall.
An immediate attachment is formed between bundle bone and cells of the periodontal ligament. This newly formed bone results from functional demands where alveolar bone is deposited next to the periodontal ligament and is supported by a more compact bone. Such deposition of newly formed bone is referred to as apposition. The opposite of apposition is resorption.

Question 3

With regard to apposition and resorption, on which tissue are these activities MOST active?

A) Dentin
B) Bone
C) Cementum
D) Periodontal ligament

Answer 3

B
Bone tissue is constantly undergoing change. Bone apposition and resorption are related to the functional demands placed on bone. While the terms apposition (growth) and resorption apply to most tissues, these activities are most active in bone.

Question 4

The physical arrangement of bone is permanently fixed. Only externally originated pressure or tension from orthodontic forces cause bone apposition and resorption.

A) Both statements are true.
B) The first statement is true, the second is false.
C) The first statement is false, the second is true.
D) Both statements are false.

Question 5

Important features to consider while evaluating gingival conditions include (select all that apply):

A) The attached gingiva begins at the base of the gingival sulcus.
B) Cells of the alveolar mucosa are nonkeratinized.
C) Both the free and attached gingiva are lined with freely movable lining mucosa.
D) The free gingiva is usually light pink in color.

Question 6

The gingival transseptal fibers extend from the cementum of one tooth to the alveolar process of adjacent teeth. The oblique gingival fibers are circular bands of connective tissue that surround the teeth.

A) Both statements are true.
B) The first statement is true, the second is false.
C) The first statement is false, the second is true.
D) Both statements are false.

Question 7

The mucogingival junction joins the free and attached gingiva. There is a raised line on the surface of the mucogingival junction.

A) Both statements are true.
B) The first statement is true; the second is false.
C) The first statement is false; the second is true.
D) Both statements are false.

Question 8

Each of the following fibers extend from the cementum to the alveolar bone EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A) Oblique
B) Horizontal
C) Alveolar
D) Apical
E) Transseptal

Question 9

When assessing the health of the gingival unit, which of the following provide guidance to the dental professional (select all that apply)?

A) Free gingiva extends from the gingival margin to the base of the gingival sulcus.
B) The attached gingiva is located apical to the mucogingival junction.
C) The alveolar mucosa is contiguous with the mucous membrane of the cheeks, lips, and floor of the mouth.
D) Free gingiva has a thick epithelial covering.
E) Cells of the free gingiva are nonkeratinized.

Question 10

The thin, soft, smooth alveolar mucosa is highly keratinized. The thicker, stippled attached gingiva is keratinized, contains rete pegs, and is covered with stratified squamous epithelium.

A) Both statements are true.
B) The first statement is true, the second is false.
C) The first statement is false, the second is true.
D) Both statements are false.

Question 11

The periodontium, composed of tissues that support the teeth, includes which of the following structures (select all that apply)?

A) Attached gingiva
B) Cementum
C) Dentin
D) Alveolar bone
E) All of the above

Question 12

The periodontal ligament provides a hammock of tissue bundles that support the tooth within the bone. Each of the following is true regarding the periodontal ligament EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A) Periodontal ligament fibers tie the tooth to the bone.
B) Periodontal ligament fibers prevent the tooth from being pushed into the bone.
C) The periodontal ligament contains small blood and lymph vessel and nerves.
D) The main portion of the periodontal ligament is composed of osseous trabeculae.
E) Fluids within the periodontal ligament act as a hydraulic pressure system on the alveolar walls.

Question 13

Which of the following are functions of the attachment apparatus (select all that apply)?

A) Nutritive
B) Supportive
C) Formative
D) Sensory
E)Not of above

Question 14

Sharpey's fibers can be found in all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A) Alveolar bone
B) Dentin
C) Cementum
D) Periodontal ligament
E) They are in all of the above.

Question 15

Each of the following structures is a component of the gingival unit EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A) Attached gingiva
B) Free gingiva
C) Alveolar mucosa
D) Periodontal ligament

Question 16

Alveolar bone is composed of all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A) Collagen
B) Intercellular substance
C) Apatite crystals
D) Lamina dura

Question 17

Periodontal ligament fibers that extend from the tooth to the alveolar crest are called

A) Horizontal
B) Oblique
C) Apical
D) Interradicular
E) Alveolar crest fibers

Question 18

Inflammation of the gingival papilla is easily recognized because the area takes on a color that is more red than normal.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are NOT related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT correct.
D) The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
E) NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Question 19

When teeth are subjected to relatively constant forces tooth mobility is likely to result because forces cause pressure on the root, periodontal ligament, and bone.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are NOT related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT correct.
D) The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
E) NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Question 20

The periodontal ligament is constantly undergoing functional change because the fibers are constantly subjected to a variety of pressures exerted on the tooth.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are NOT related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT correct.
D) The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
E) NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Question 21

A healthy gingival sulcus should not exceed 2.0 mm in depth.

Question 22

Interdental papilla is classified as attached gingiva.

Question 23

Orthodontic movement is possible due to which of the following (select all that apply)?

A) Bone resorption
B) Bone apposition
C) Periodontal ligament stretching
D) Hydraulic function of periodontal fluids
E)Not of above

Question 24

On a radiograph, the alveolar bone that surrounds the tooth is called supraperiosteal bone.

Question 25

Cementum that is free of embedded cementoblasts is clear and without structure.