Deck 4: Neo-Analytic and Ego Aspects of Personality: Identity

Question 1

In childhood, Jung's ability to take the perspective of a rock

A) disturbed him.
B) was displacement of phallic imaginings.
C) caused him to be diagnosed as mentally ill.
D) suggested to him that he might have more than one form of being.
E) led him to intense prayer.

Answer 1

suggested to him that he might have more than one form of being.

Question 2

Jung believed that dreams and "visions"

A) were things that no healthy person would have.
B) should be stopped with the use of moderate electric shocks to the head.
C) were important communications from a paranormal realm.
D) were indicators of psychiatric problems.
E) were foolish signs of an uncontrolled superego.

Answer 2

were important communications from a paranormal realm.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a division of the psyche, according to Jung?

A) The paraconscious
B) The personal unconscious
C) The collective unconscious
D) The conscious ego

Answer 3

The paraconscious

Question 4

Jung believed the "mind" is comprised of __________ parts.

A) five
B) four
C) two
D) three
E) six

Question 5

Which of the following thoughts or experiences might be found in the "personal unconscious"?

A) Joan has an exam to study for later this week, but has opted not to think about it until after Wednesday.
B) Emery had a fight with his girlfriend yesterday, but when surfing, he puts it out of his mind.
C) Neddie was sexually abused at the age of four, but has repressed the memory and doesn't seem to remember the incident at all.
D) Tracy does not think about her grocery list while she is doing a math problem.
E) All of these would be found in the personal unconscious.

Question 6

Archetypes are

A) valuable archaeological artifacts.
B) powerful emotional symbols rooted in our human history.
C) our beliefs about "god" as dictated by religion.
D) worthless copies of artifacts.
E) patterns of emotion or temperament.

Question 7

The animus represents the __________, while the anima represents the __________.

A) female element of a man; male element of a woman
B) male element of a woman; animal element of a man
C) female element of a man; animal element of a woman
D) animal element of a man; animal element of a woman
E) male element of a woman; female element of a man

Question 8

Little Evelyn was caught stealing by her mother. As she tried to defend herself, she said, "I didn't mean to do it! My 'evil twin' took over." Evelyn is invoking the __________ archetype.

A) shadow
B) anima
C) mother
D) hero
E) persona

Question 9

According to Jung, the socially acceptable front that we present to others is called the

A) visage.
B) facade.
C) shadow.
D) hero.
E) persona.

Question 10

A complex is a

A) phenomenon in which sexual problems may be reversed through catharsis.
B) specific, strongly held belief about male-female differences.
C) group of emotionally charged thoughts, feelings, and ideas about a theme.
D) specific, strongly held religious belief.
E) characteristic typically found in women but not men.

Question 11

Brian is struggling with himself. He's always been a good student, but lately his grades have been slipping a little bit. He feels like he has nothing in common with those who were once close friends, and yet he doesn't seem to "fit in" with any other crowd. He will be finishing his degree in history next year, but lately, he's been wondering whether he really wants to be an historian (and he feels silly that he's wasted so much valuable time on something that he might not even want to do for the rest of his life). His girlfriend wants to get married after graduation, and he had planned to give her a ring over winter break; however, lately he's been feeling like marriage should wait. He wants to have time to explore the world and "discover" himself before settling down. Brian seems to have a(n)

A) superiority complex.
B) generativity complex.
C) identity crisis.
D) defeatist attitude (d-crisis).
E) ecological crisis.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT one of Jung's proposed functions of the mind?

A) Feeling
B) Wishing
C) Intuiting
D) Thinking
E) Sensing

Question 13

Jung described two major "attitudes," which were

A) stability and warmth.
B) warmth and control.
C) extroversion and introversion.
D) neuroticism and stability.
E) extroversion and neuroticism.

Question 14

Jung believed there were __________ basic personality types.

A) 4
B) 16
C) 8
D) 12
E) 20

Question 15

Ken is a very outgoing person. He makes friends easily, jokes with others, and is gullible (people love to play jokes on him because he is easily drawn into the game). Ken is also considered a good friend because he is a good listener and seems to truly feel what the other person is going through. Based on Jungian theory, Ken's seems to have a __________
personality.

A) feeling extroverted
B) intuiting introverted
C) wishing extroverted
D) thinking introverted
E) sensing extroverted

Question 16

A superiority complex is often a reaction to

A) being raised in a loving and supportive family.
B) getting an A on an exam.
C) a lack of education.
D) feelings of inferiority.
E) learning self-discipline.

Question 17

Adler's primary difference with Freud concerned Adler's

A) desire to be president of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society.
B) rejection of sexuality as the prime motivator.
C) creation of the Society for Free Psychoanalysis.
D) idea that human motivation was very simple.
E) overemphasis on childhood sexuality.

Question 18

The concept of "masculine protest" describes

A) boys' protestations against being taught to "hold in" their emotions.
B) the desire of girls to be societally equal with boys.
C) a desire to be physically dominant over other people.
D) individual striving for competence and independence.
E) girls' desire to emulate their fathers rather than their mothers.

Question 19

Which of the following are among the social issues Adler believed everyone had to address?

A) Occupational tasks, societal tasks, and love tasks
B) Political tasks, societal tasks, love tasks
C) Political tasks, love tasks, and biological tasks
D) Occupational tasks, societal tasks, and biological tasks
E) Religious tasks, love tasks, and biological tasks

Question 20

Adler's typology was based on

A) social interest/activity level.
B) the four Greek humors, social interest level, and degree of activity.
C) Freud's id, ego, and superego.
D) Freud's id/ego/superego and social interest/activity level.
E) the four Greek humors.

Question 21

The importance of birth order was discussed by

A) Horney.
B) Erikson.
C) Adler.
D) Jung.
E) Freud.

Question 22

Horney believed that what women really wanted was

A) a penis.
B) lots of sexual fulfillment.
C) children.
D) autonomy and control.
E) financial security.

Question 23

Which of the following is the set of Horney's styles of adapting to the world?

A) Aggressive, passive, and withdrawn
B) Aggressive, loving, and withdrawn
C) Aggressive, optimistic, and passive
D) Open, loving, and optimistic
E) Loving, optimistic, and pessimistic

Question 24

To Horney, the goal of psychoanalysis was to help the person

A) accept his or her "Real Self."
B) achieve his or her "Ideal Self."
C) to find his or her "Despised Self."
D) overcome his or her "Real Self."
E) become his or her "Mystical Self."

Question 25

Patrice thinks she is a failure. According to her assessment, her grades are bad, she is overweight, and she is unattractive. She also says she doesn't have any friends. In reality, Patrice does have friends, her grades are fine, and she is an attractive, albeit a slightly plump, young woman. Horney would say that Patrice is over-identifying with her

A) Real Self.
B) Ideal Self.
C) Actual Self.
D) Negative Self.
E) Despised Self.

Question 26

Someone who is "moving toward" people would exhibit which of the following behaviors?

A) Withdrawal of emotion
B) Initiating conflicts with others
C) Striving for power
D) Seeking to please others
E) Attempting to control others

Question 27

"Basic anxiety" refers to

A) a child's fear of being bullied and inferior to peers.
B) an adult's fear of dying alone and with nobody to love them.
C) a child's fear of being alone, hopeless, and insecure.
D) the fear of death and an endless struggle to escape it.
E) any fear that causes an individual's heart to beat faster.

Question 28

Who has sometimes been called the "founder of ego psychology"?

A) White
B) Horney
C) Jung
D) Freud
E) Hartmann

Question 29

Who of the following was an object relations theorist?

A) Jung
B) Erikson
C) Adler
D) Kohut
E) Mahler

Question 30

Chris is two years old and well-adjusted. His attachment to his mother is healthy, and he is a happy child. Mahler would say that he is a __________ child.

A) symbiotic psychotic
B) symbiotic autistic
C) normal symbiotic
D) symbiotic miotic
E) optimal symbiotic

Question 31

Who, in his therapy, often played the role of "therapist-qua-parent" in an attempt to help patients develop a healthy self-concept and overcome their narcissism?

A) Klein
B) White
C) Erikson
D) Kohut
E) Hartmann

Question 32

A relational perspective suggests that

A) initial patterns of self-other relations influence our self-concepts and social relations later in life.
B) our self-concept early in life leads us to develop healthy or unhealthy relationships later in life.
C) our first romantic adult relationships shape our relationships with our children.
D) we usually look for a romantic partner who represents the opposite of our relationship with our mother.
E) being able to relate to a romantic partner is more important than attraction.

Question 33

Erikson believed that the first crisis an individual must struggle with is

A) Industry versus Inferiority.
B) Trust versus Mistrust.
C) Initiative versus Guilt.
D) Identity versus Role Confusion.
E) Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt.

Question 34

Eunice is a retired bookkeeper who is now miserable, although she experienced no particular hardships in her life. As she looks back on her life, she sees many things that she wishes she had done differently. For instance, she feels that her work was not a meaningful contribution to society, thinks her adult children don't have good moral values, and regrets that she did not pursue higher education (she often thought about it, but somehow, things never worked out). Erikson would say that Eunice is experiencing the crisis of __________.

A) Identity versus Role Confusion
B) Trust versus Mistrust
C) Ego Integrity Versus Despair
D) Intimacy versus Isolation
E) Initiative versus Guilt

Question 35

Erikson's theory of development focuses on the idea that

A) one must recognize his or her own feelings.
B) increasing inner unity involves ego repression.
C) growth involves stages in which we resolve conflicts throughout life.
D) trust vs. mistrust develops in adolescence and strongly affects adulthood.
E) libidinal transformation is inferior to reinforcement.

Question 36

Erikson's theory is unique and particularly well known for its focus on

A) the importance of identity.
B) continued development in adulthood.
C) the significance of life crisis for encouraging personal growth.
D) development over the life-span.
E) all of these.

Question 37

What is common to the following researchers: Emmons, Little, Cantor?

A) They all believe in a stage-theory approach to personality.
B) They all believe personality is fixed in childhood.
C) They all look at people's goals as a way of understanding personality.
D) They all study nonverbal behavior as a way of understanding personality.

Question 38

Who of the following has successfully negotiated Erikson's stage of Intimacy vs. Isolation?

A) Jill spends a lot of time alone and says she is lonely and depressed.
B) Anthony is thinking of getting engaged to be married but is cheating on his future fiancée; he says she doesn't understand him.
C) Nathan has a few close friends and just married the woman he has been dating for four years.
D) Tom has lots of friends, but isn't yet too close to anyone.
E) Elizabeth isn't sure who she is; with conflicting expectations from her parents and peers, it's hard for her to sort everything out.

Question 39

According to Jung, the collective unconscious consists of powerful emotional symbols called

A) functions.
B) egos.
C) complexes.
D) archetypes.
E) libido.

Question 40

Karen Horney believed that women often felt inferior to men because

A) they were being realistic and knew they were inferior.
B) they were focused on the collective unconscious idea of the Mother figure.
C) they were experiencing penis envy.
D) they were raised to see men as superior, and society overemphasized securing a man's love.
E) she did not have an opinion on this topic, due to arguments by L. Hans.

Question 41

The theorist who expanded psychoanalytic theory to include the life-span was

A) Horney.
B) Erikson.
C) Jung.
D) Adler.
E) Cantor.

Question 42

The concept of "basic anxiety" was formed by which theorist?

A) Freud
B) Funder
C) Jung
D) Adler
E) Horney

Question 43

The stage at which an individual encounters the crisis of Trust Versus Mistrust is

A) old age.
B) middle childhood.
C) early adulthood.
D) middle adulthood.
E) infancy.

Question 44

In neo-analytic theory, a child's fear of being alone, helpless, and insecure, which arises from problems in relations with one's parents (such as lack of warmth), is termed

A) basic anxiety.
B) anal mistrust.
C) learned helplessness.
D) temperamental sensitivity (reticular system).
E) inflexible locus of control.

Question 45

According to Erikson, healthy development relates to the capacity of an individual to

A) successfully negotiate and progress through each of life's ego crises.
B) remain free of neuroses and conflicts.
C) do well according to those who are significant to him.
D) do well in acquiring and retaining desired possessions.
E) avoid life crises.

Question 46

An individual who is high in self-monitoring is likely to

A) focus on being consistent in behavior at all times.
B) believe that fate determines life circumstances.
C) be a poor actor.
D) maintain a situational orientation.
E) maintain a dispositional orientation.

Question 47

The theorist known for his theory of self-monitoring is

A) Brian Little.
B) Mark Snyder.
C) Erik Erikson.
D) Robert Emmons.
E) Jonathan Cheek.

Question 48

James Pennebaker suggests that disclosing traumas in the form of __________ for 15 minutes a day can improve health.

A) yoga
B) talking out loud to oneself
C) writing a narrative
D) prayer
E) talking to a therapist

Question 49

According to Jung, the mind is divided into three parts. These three parts are

A) the conscious ego, the personal unconscious, and the collective unconscious.
B) the conscience, the collective unconscious, and the personal ego.
C) the id, the ego, and the superego.
D) the id, the conscious, and the collective unconscious.
E) the collective ego, the personal unconscious, and the collective unconscious.

Question 50

Jung's concept of the collective unconscious differs from Freud's concept of the unconscious in that

A) Jung believed that the unconscious was personal to each individual.
B) Jung's theory of the unconscious was proven wrong by Freud.
C) Jung's theory includes archetypes that are common to all people and were formed since the beginning of time.
D) Jung's theory of the unconscious included separate sections for different aspects of life such as family, work, etc.
E) Jung was more modern than Freud.

Question 51

The shadow archetype is best described as the

A) open, socially acceptable part of the personality.
B) broken, unfixed part of personality.
C) personality that comes out at night.
D) dark, socially unacceptable part of personality.
E) part of personality that is undefined.

Question 52

A complex, as described by Jung, is a(n)

A) archetype.
B) part of the personal unconscious.
C) group of associations between archetypes.
D) defense mechanism.
E) group of emotionally charged feelings related to a theme.

Question 53

Adler coined the term _______________ to encompass his theory of psychology.

A) Personal Psychology
B) Individual Psychology
C) Great Psychology
D) Adler's Psychology
E) Collective Psychology

Question 54

Adler's theory of psychology focused on

A) each individual's view of the world and the people he or she connects with.
B) the unconscious motivations toward pleasure and conscious motivations toward restraint.
C) the conscious controlling the unconscious.
D) unique motivations of individuals and the importance of each person's perceived niche in society.
E) the importance of family and friends and how important relationships are in a person's life.

Question 55

A boy goes to math class every day and tries to understand the problems. Each day, he falls further and further behind the rest of the class as the problems get harder. Later in life, the boy is afraid of taking math classes and chooses a college major that requires the least amount of math. According to Adler, what has this boy developed?

A) Superiority complex
B) Identity crisis
C) Inferiority complex
D) Conditions of worth
E) Unconditional positive regard

Question 56

A woman who grew up being constantly ridiculed for her fashion choices now tells all her friends what to wear, what the latest fashion styles are, and how they should present themselves. Every opinion she has on fashion is right, and she is quick to defend herself and her arguments. According to Adler, this woman has developed a(n) ________ complex.

A) inferiority
B) superiority
C) ego-defensive
D) narcissistic
E) conditioned

Question 57

Organ inferiority refers to the idea that

A) the brain is inferior to the body.
B) everyone has one bad organ that will fail.
C) everyone is born with some physical weakness.
D) the body is inferior because of organs.
E) everyone's heart is inferior to the brain.

Question 58

Karen Horney is known for her

A) rejection of the concept of penis envy.
B) concept of basic anxiety.
C) concept of the "Real Self" (our perceptions of the inner core of personality).
D) concept of the "Despised Self" (our perceptions of our own inferiority).
E) all of these.

Question 59

In Horney's view, a person who adapts to the world by being compliant has adopted a(n) ________ style of adaptation.

A) withdrawn
B) aggressive
C) lonely
D) passive
E) driven

Question 60

Which of the following characterizes Object Relations Theories?

A) Theories that have to do with how people relate to the material world
B) Theories that have to do with how people learn in school
C) Theories that have to do with how people cooperate with others in a group
D) Theories that have to do with psychic drives and the importance of relations with others in defining ourselves
E) Theories that have to do with how people react in stressful situations in which an object is the cause, i.e., a person's computer breaks during a project

Question 61

Erikson's theory differed from Freud's theory in that Erikson's theory

A) extended development through adulthood.
B) ignored the childhood development process.
C) concentrated on how females developed.
D) only applied to adults.
E) came long before Freud's theory.

Question 62

Erikson's stage of Trust vs. Mistrust is best described as the

A) first stage, in which a baby learns to either trust or mistrust that his or her needs will be taken care of.
B) first stage, in which a baby trusts the mother and mistrusts the father.
C) second stage, in which a child learns to trust themselves and mistrust the world.
D) second stage, in which a child learns to either trust or mistrust his or her abilities.
E) last stage, in which a person either forms a trustful or mistrustful bond with a partner.

Question 63

Erikson's concept of an identity crisis refers to what?

A) Losing your memory due to emotional strain
B) Feelings of insecurity that lead to a person pretending to be someone he or she is not
C) A crisis that occurs after the true identity of a person emerges in a relationship
D) A failure to succeed in life
E) A failure to overcome an ego crisis, which results in one's inability to know who he or she is, and the struggle to find out

Question 64

According to Carl Jung, the personal __________ is the component of the mind that contains thoughts and feelings that are not currently part of conscious awareness.

Question 65

The __________ comprises a deep level of unconsciousness and is made up of powerful emotional symbols called __________ that are common across all people.

Question 66

Jung categorized sensing, thinking, feeling, and intuiting as the __________.

Question 67

According to Jung, people who are __________ direct their libido toward things in the external world, whereas people who are __________ are more inwardly focused.

Question 68

Alfred Adler stressed the unique motivations of individuals and the importance of each person's perceived niche in society in his __________ Psychology.

Question 69

According to Adler, when feelings of overwhelming helplessness and powerlessness that cause one to feel inferior become pervasive, a(n) __________ may develop.

Question 70

An individual struggling to overcome an inferiority complex might fabricate a(n) __________ as a way of maintaining a sense of self-worth.

Question 71

In Adler's theory, __________ inferiority is the idea that everyone is born with some physical weakness at which point incapacity and disease are most likely to take place, but the body attempts to make up for the deficiency in another area.

Question 72

The concept that an individual is driven to lash out against the inability to achieve or master something as a reaction to perceived helplessness is called __________ drive.

Question 73

Adler created a(n) __________ using the Greek idea of the four __________, which he renamed as Ruling-Dominant, Getting-Leaning, Avoiding, and Socially Useful.

Question 74

According to Karen Horney, __________ is a child's fear of being alone, helpless, and insecure that arises from problems in the child's relations with his or her parents.

Question 75

The neoanalytic approaches to personality that focus on the object of psychic drives and the importance of relations with other individuals in defining ourselves are sometimes called __________.

Question 76

According to Margaret Mahler, __________ children form emotional ties that are so strong, they are unable to form a sense of self.

Question 77

According to Margaret Mahler, children who formed normal ties with their mothers are __________ children who develop empathy and the sense of being a separate, but loving, person.

Question 78

In Erikson's stages of __________ formation, personality develops through a series of eight stages as life unfolds. He expanded Freud's stages of development to include __________.

Question 79

According to Erikson, the confusion and uncertainty experienced during adolescence about one's abilities, associations, and future goals is called a(n) __________.

Question 80

Snyder's concept of __________ involves self-observation and self-control guided by situational cues to the social appropriateness of behavior.