Deck 11: The Gender Domain

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT an example of gender categorizing?

A) enrolling a child in preschool
B) buying a child either pink or blue clothing
C) naming a child either John or Joan
D) enrolling a child in either football or cheerleading

Answer 1

enrolling a child in preschool

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a feature describing one's sex?

A) external genitalia
B) sexual attraction to females
C) glands
D) hormones

Answer 2

sexual attraction to females

Question 3

______ refers to anatomical and physiological characteristics or features of males and females.

A) Gender roles
B) Gender
C) Sex
D) Sexual orientation

Answer 3

Sex

Question 4

An individual's self-determination (or a complex self-reflection) as male, female, intersex, or neither is called ______

A) sex
B) gender Identity
C) sexual orientation
D) sexuality

Question 5

Which of the following is not a significant social component of gender addressed in the chapter?

A) practicing cultural norms
B) following expectations of what people should do as a member of a certain sex
C) following laws regulating sex
D) following laws regulating theft and protection of property

Question 6

The ______ dimension of gender refers to the degree of experiencing being male or female.

A) internal
B) external
C) public
D) inherent

Question 7

The ______ dimension of gender refers to the roles that society assigns to each sex.

A) internal
B) external
C) societal
D) social

Question 8

Which of the following least fits the view of gender identity as described in the chapter?

A) Gender identity is likely to change over time.
B) Gender identity is a process.
C) Gender identity is a product that is formed and completed in early childhood.
D) Gender identity is subject to influence from different social factors.

Question 9

Prescriptions and expectations assigned to genders on the female-male continuum constitute ______.

A) androgyny
B) sex
C) sexual orientation
D) gender roles

Question 10

______ is a general set of features associated with physical strength, decisiveness, and assertiveness.

A) Masculinity
B) Femininity
C) Responsibility
D) Leadership

Question 11

To be ______ means to feel that one does not fit into the traditionally assigned gender dichotomy, such as male or female.

A) homosexual
B) heterosexual
C) transgender
D) bisexual

Question 12

______ is the capacity for erotic experiences and related behavioral responses.

A) Intersex
B) Sex orientation
C) Sex
D) Sexuality

Question 13

A ______ refers to romantic or sexual attraction to people of a specific gender.

A) sexual orientation
B) sex
C) sexuality
D) gender

Question 14

Romantic or sexual attraction between people of the same sex or gender is ______.

A) bisexuality
B) heterosexuality
C) homosexuality
D) asexuality

Question 15

Individuals whose gender identity or gender expression does not conform to that typically associated with the sex to which they were assigned at birth are referred to as ______.

A) intersex
B) heterosexual
C) homosexual
D) gender nonconforming

Question 16

______ is the use of scanning and other techniques to visualize the structure or function of the nervous system.

A) Sterilizing
B) Neuroimaging
C) Magnifying
D) Electrographing

Question 17

Alfred Adler described ______ as a woman's psychological reaction of opposing male dominance.

A) discrimination
B) prejudice
C) natural dominance
D) masculine protest

Question 18

______ refers to a concept according to which men and women have to perform a certain function in society. Men were expected to perform mostly instrumental functions, but society assigned expressive functions to women.

A) Functional inequality
B) Societal expectation
C) Ambivalent protest
D) Natural dominance

Question 19

______ encompasses the multidisciplinary field dedicated to studying gender and a wide range of gender-related issues.

A) Personality
B) Gender studies
C) Social psychology
D) Anthropology

Question 20

______ refers to the style of thinking and behavior in men who, contrary to the prescriptions of traditional gender roles, tend to develop and display some feminine features and habits, especially related to appearance, clothes, and grooming.

A) Homosexual
B) Transgender
C) Heterosexual
D) Metrosexual

Question 21

______ is a condition in which an individual's sexual fantasies, urges, or behaviors involve cross-dressing, and also cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of function.

A) Transvestic fetishism
B) Intersex
C) Transgender
D) Gender nonconforming

Question 22

______ is an aversion to homosexuality, and gays, lesbians, bisexual, and gender-variant individuals.

A) Heterophobia
B) Homophobia
C) Prejudice
D) Discrimination

Question 23

______ is an aversion toward bisexuality and bisexual people as a social group or as individuals.

A) Heterophobia
B) Prejudice
C) Biphobia
D) Homophobia

Question 24

______ is the prejudice and resulting discrimination based on the views of sex or gender, especially against women and girls.

A) Racism
B) Biphobia
C) Homophobia
D) Sexism

Question 25

Studies across the globe show that violent behavior is more common in ______.

A) men
B) women
C) children
D) elderly

Question 26

What are the two major clusters of gender roles that have appeared across most cultural groups?

A) dominant and submissive
B) masculine and feminine
C) laborer and intellectual
D) rich and poor

Question 27

What were gender roles in history typically about?

A) the amount of power the individual possessed
B) how much leadership someone displayed
C) the activities an individual should have performed
D) the size of the community

Question 28

About how many Americans identify as transgender?

A) one in every 4,500 Americans
B) one in every 50 Americans
C) one in every 1,000 Americans
D) one in every 450 Americans

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a major conclusion drawn by evolutionary research on gender and sex?

A) All behaviors are genetically programmed.
B) Predispositions to acquire behaviors are genetically programmed.
C) Children across cultures are raised as boys and girls as a means of survival and preservation.
D) Sexual selection is the strongest factor in determining most differences between males and females.

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a typical example of androgyny?

A) a man who is both emotional and decisive
B) a man who is both assertive and physically strong
C) a woman who is both assertive and nurturing
D) a woman who is both unemotional and beautiful

Question 31

Which of the following is a quality LEAST traditionally associated with masculinity?

A) strength
B) decisiveness
C) emotionality
D) assertiveness

Question 32

Which of the following is a quality least traditionally associated with femininity?

A) emotionality
B) nurturing
C) beauty
D) assertiveness

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT describing a component of gender?

A) glands and hormones
B) degree with which someone experiences being male or female
C) behavioral features associated with an individual's sex
D) roles society assigns to each sex

Question 34

Which of the following refers to the anatomical and psychological characteristics or features of males and females?

A) gender
B) sex
C) sexuality
D) gender roles

Question 35

Who was the Austro German psychiatrist and 1886 author of Psychopathia Sexualis, a book about sexuality in which heterosexuality was considered normal and homosexuality was pathological?

A) John Stuart Mill
B) La Mettrie
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Richard von Krafft-Ebbing

Question 36

When viewing gender as a social category, what are the two gender dimensions?

A) internal and external
B) personal and impersonal
C) societal and emotional
D) beneficial and detrimental

Question 37

What is an individual's self-determination as being male, female, intersex, or neither?

A) sex
B) gender identity
C) sexual orientation
D) sexuality

Question 38

Which of the following refers to prescriptions and expectations assigned to genders on the female-male continuum?

A) gender
B) sex
C) gender roles
D) sexuality

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a major factor contributing to the preservation of gender roles?

A) religion
B) art
C) ideology
D) scientific advancements

Question 40

Which of the following was an American psychologist who was among the first to find evidence that women's performance on cognitive, perceptual, and motor tasks was consistently similar to that of males?

A) Leta Hollingworth
B) Alfred Adler
C) Helene Deutsch
D) Sigmund Freud

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT a common dynamic created as a result of functional inequality?

A) A man is expected to perform the physical labor.
B) A woman is expected to protect the family.
C) A woman is expected to nurture the children.
D) A man is expected to provide funds and resources for the family.

Question 42

Which of the following is a trait associated with an individual's gender?

A) an individual's chromosomes
B) an individual's external genitalia
C) the role that society has assigned their sex
D) an individual's anatomical and physical features

Question 43

Which of the following is associated with an individual's sex?

A) degree of experiencing being male or female
B) refers to roles that society assigns
C) psychological characteristics of the individual
D) physical characteristics of the individual

Question 44

Which of the following is least likely to be supported by genetic research on sex?

A) Sex is not a continuous variable.
B) Intersex individuals are born with mosaic genetics-some cells have XX chromosomes, while others have XY.
C) Height is likely to be impacted by genetics.
D) Sex is influenced by many social and environmental factors during prenatal and postnatal periods.

Question 45

Which of the following is least likely to be supported by studies using neuroimaging methods to analyze the difference between men and women?

A) Women tend to have more neurons related to language, hearing, and relational skills.
B) Men show increased activity in brain regions associated with caring behavior.
C) Men showed increased activity in brain regions associated with justice based judgement and behavior.
D) Men and women show somewhat different types of responses in the brain related to making moral choices.

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT an illness that has higher rates among women than men?

A) eating disorders
B) Alzheimer's
C) autism
D) breast cancer

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT an illness that has higher rates among men than women?

A) AIDS
B) substance abuse
C) autism
D) Alzheimer's

Question 48

Who was the English philosopher whose essay On the Subjection of Women advocated gender equality?

A) John Stuart Mill
B) Alfred Adler
C) Richard von Krafft-Ebbing
D) Sigmund Freud

Question 49

Which of the following is not an example of an anthropologist, psychologist, or behaviorist who claimed that the socialization practices prescribed particular roles to boys and girls to follow were inaccurate?

A) Margaret Mead
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Lev Vygotsky
D) John Watson

Question 50

Who was the Austrian American psychologist and therapist who believed that women should abandon the traditional roles of mothers and wives, but that many women were not yet psychologically ready for this process?

A) John Stuart Mill
B) Leta Hollingworth
C) Helene Deutsch
D) Margaret Mead

Question 51

Which of the following was NOT a reason women were passed up for opportunities to be trained professionals as discussed in the chapter?

A) they were seen as emotionally unstable
B) they were seen as having too much commitment to their family
C) they were seen as overly sentimental
D) they were seen as a threat to male trained professionals

Question 52

Which of the following is least similar to the ideas of feminism?

A) For centuries, women's propensity for peace and cooperation have been fully taken into consideration.
B) Rejecting the notion of a "female brain."
C) Gender differences exist because historically, men have created customs, laws, and policies that systematically discriminated against women.
D) Most of today's societies are rooted in masculine culture that accepted war and violence.

Question 53

Which two dimension of the Eysenck model of personality systematically differ between males and females?

A) intelligence and stamina
B) neuroticism and psychoticism
C) extraversion and agreeableness
D) conscientiousness and openness

Question 54

Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five factors that women tend to produce higher scores on?

A) agreeableness
B) extraversion
C) openness
D) neuroticism

Question 55

What does the Variability Hypothesis state?

A) Behavioral and psychological differences within the gender are in most cases far less than between the gender groups.
B) Men and women should have nearly identical scores in behavioral and psychological measures.
C) Men have a shorter range of talents and deficits than women.
D) Men and women are likely to be similar on many behavioral and psychological measures but men's scores tend to group around the opposite ends of the spectrum.

Question 56

What is the viewpoint of the gender similarities hypothesis?

A) Males and females are alike on most, but not all psychological variables.
B) Males and females are exactly alike on all psychological variables.
C) Males and females are completely different on all psychological variables.
D) Males and females have vastly different psychological capabilities.

Question 57

Which of the following does NOT describe a common assumption about personality challenged by The Psychology of Sex Differences?

A) Men do better on difficult cognitive tasks.
B) Women exhibit increased capacity for empathy.
C) Men are less suggestible than women.
D) Girls have lower self-esteem compared to boys.

Question 58

The idea that males and females are alike on most, but not all psychological variables is referred to as ______.

A) The gender equivalency theory
B) The theory of psychological similarity
C) The gender similarities hypothesis
D) The male difference hypothesis

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT an accurate example of how societal views on masculinity and femininity are changing?

A) Gender roles are becoming more fluid.
B) Metrosexuality has become more accepted.
C) Expectations for occupation based on gender are becoming less rigid.
D) Men and women are now completely equal in society.

Question 60

What did the Motion Picture Production Code in the 1930's ban?

A) any discussion or allusion to homosexual behavior
B) any discrimination against homosexual behavior
C) any discussion of homosexual or heterosexual behavior
D) any discrimination against heterosexual behavior

Question 61

______'s Sexual Behavior in the Human Male and Sexual Behavior in the Human Female were significant developments in empirical research in the first half of the 20th century.

A) Magnus Hirschfeld
B) Alfred Kinsey
C) Alfred Adler
D) Margaret Mead

Question 62

Which of the following is an example of a psychological aspect that differs very little between males and females?

A) neuroticism levels
B) violence levels
C) computational skills
D) psychoticism levels

Question 63

Which of the following examples is modern research on personality differences between men and women least likely to align with?

A) The sexes may differ in aggression levels.
B) Differences in computational skills may be due to societal expectation for males to excel in math.
C) The sexes may differ slightly in motor skills.
D) Cognitive and psychological differences between the sexes are vast.

Question 64

The ______ in the 1930s banned any discussion or allusion to homosexual behavior

A) Motion Picture Production Code
B) Production Code
C) Motion Picture Code
D) Picture Code

Question 65

______ was the Austro German psychiatrist and 1886 author of Sexualis, a book about sexuality in which heterosexuality was considered normal and homosexuality was pathological.

A) Alfred Adler
B) Richard von Krafft-Ebbing
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Leta Hollingworth

Question 66

______ was an American psychologist who was among the first to find evidence that women's performance on cognitive, perceptual, and motor tasks was consistently similar to that of males.

A) Helene Deutsch
B) Margaret Mead
C) Leta Hollingworth
D) Alfred Adler

Question 67

______ described male protest as a woman's psychological reaction of opposing male dominance.

A) John Watson
B) Leta Hollingworth
C) Margaret Mead
D) Alfred Adler

Question 68

Which of the following is NOT an example of a factor that could affect gender and gender identity as mentioned in the chapter?

A) physical injury
B) family
C) friendship
D) travels

Question 69

Which of the following is NOT an example of a trait in males that was used as evidence for natural dominance as mentioned the chapter?

A) willpower
B) nurturing qualities
C) firm character
D) physical strength

Question 70

Which of the following is NOT an example of a factor contributing to the internal aspect of gender?

A) personal identification with a particular gender
B) self-esteem level
C) societal expectation and cultural norms
D) sexual orientation

Question 71

President ______ signed executive order 10350, which banned "sexual perversion" in government and banned gays and lesbians from working government.

A) George W. Bush
B) John F. Kennedy
C) Ronald Reagan
D) Dwight Eisenhower

Question 72

Being male, female, or transgender, in terms of gender roles, determines our sexuality and sexual orientation.

Question 73

Definitions of masculinity and femininity are relatively precise and consistent.

Question 74

The struggle for gender equality has evolved gradually, eliminating the gaps between gender roles.

Question 75

Sexual orientation is a product that is created and finalized in early childhood.

Question 76

Sexual orientation ranges from either heterosexual to homosexual.

Question 77

Feminism is the view that women do not have equal rights and opportunities with men, and global changes are needed to achieve social justice

Question 78

Homosexuality is an individual's romantic or sexual attraction to people of the opposite sex or gender.

Question 79

Up until the 20th century, most scientists emphasized the natural dominance of men, which was a general assumption about men's biological superiority over women.

Question 80

Despite record of their existence throughout human history, stigma attached to the intersex remains high.