Deck 9: Alcohol

Question 1

Tolerance to alcohol includes

A) metabolic but not pharmacodynamic tolerance.
B) pharmacodynamic but not behavioral tolerance.
C) metabolic and pharmacodynamic tolerance.
D) neither metabolic nor pharmacodynamic tolerance.

Answer 1

metabolic and pharmacodynamic tolerance.

Question 2

A blood alcohol level of _______% is lethal in half of the population, but because unconsciousness occurs at a BAC of around _______%, drinking is often stopped before the lethal level is reached.

A) 0.35; 0.15
B) 0.45; 0.1
C) 0.45; 0.35
D) 0.60; 0.1

Answer 2

0.45; 0.35

Question 3

The memory disturbances seen in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome include

A) a loss of memory for events in the distant past.
B) total amnesia.
C) a loss of short-term, immediate memory with retention of distant memories.
D) little actual memory impairment.

Answer 3

a loss of short-term, immediate memory with retention of distant memories.

Question 4

Limited alcohol consumption (less than three drinks per day) may improve cognitive function by

A) reducing the risk of stroke.
B) increasing blood flow, and thus oxygen, to the brain.
C) decreasing "bad" cholesterol.
D) increasing "good" cholesterol.

Question 5

Which of the following is not a sign of fetal alcohol syndrome?

A) Abnormally high birth weight
B) Neurological problems
C) Mental retardation
D) Craniofacial malformations

Question 6

Which statement about the role of the endogenous opioid system in alcohol's reinforcing effects is false?

A) Mice that lack the $\mu$ -opioid receptor do not self-administer alcohol.
B) Opioid receptor antagonists reduce alcohol self-administration in animals.
C) Clinical trials show that opioid receptor antagonists decrease relapse to drinking in humans.
D) Chronic alcohol use increases gene expression of endorphin and enkephalin.

Question 7

According to Cloninger's alcoholic subtypes, type II alcoholics are characterized by

A) a high extent of genetic influence, age of onset before 25, and thrill-seeking behavior.
B) a high extent of genetic influence, age of onset after 25, and guilt and fear about alcohol.
C) age of onset after 25, inability to stop alcohol use, and low incidence of novelty-seeking personality.
D) being either male or female, use of alcohol to escape, and a moderate extent of genetic influence.

Question 8

Describe the evidence that the expectation of alcohol alone can influence behavior.

Question 9

Explain how limited consumption of alcohol can actually improve health.