Deck 11: Analyzing Causes and Effects

Question 1

Read the following paragraphs and answer the questions after each paragraph.
We learned that any female over the age of twelve can expect to be criminally assaulted some time in her life, that women aged thirty have a fifty-fifty chance of being raped, robbed, or attacked, and that many police officials say flatly that they cannot protect citizens from crime. During the same period, the number of women considering gun ownership quadrupled to nearly two million. Manufacturers began showing light-weight weapons with small grips and purses with built-in holsters. A new magazine is called Guns and Women, and more than 8,000 copies of the video A Woman's Guide to Firearms were sold by 1988. Experts say female gun buyers are not limited to any particular age group, profession, social class, or area of the country and most are buying guns to protect themselves. Shooting instructors say women view guns with more caution than do men and may make better shots.
-Linda Hasselstrom
-What is Hasselstrom analyzing in this paragraph? Does the topic sentence capture this focus? Explain your answer.

Answer 1

Hasselstrom analyzes the increase in the demand for handguns among women. Its topic sentence cites the risks women face throughout their lives.

Question 2

Read the following paragraphs and answer the questions after each paragraph.
We learned that any female over the age of twelve can expect to be criminally assaulted some time in her life, that women aged thirty have a fifty-fifty chance of being raped, robbed, or attacked, and that many police officials say flatly that they cannot protect citizens from crime. During the same period, the number of women considering gun ownership quadrupled to nearly two million. Manufacturers began showing light-weight weapons with small grips and purses with built-in holsters. A new magazine is called Guns and Women, and more than 8,000 copies of the video A Woman's Guide to Firearms were sold by 1988. Experts say female gun buyers are not limited to any particular age group, profession, social class, or area of the country and most are buying guns to protect themselves. Shooting instructors say women view guns with more caution than do men and may make better shots.
-Linda Hasselstrom

-What causes and effects does the author cite? How do they relate to the topic sentence?

Answer 2

Question 3

Read the following paragraphs and answer the questions after each paragraph.
We learned that any female over the age of twelve can expect to be criminally assaulted some time in her life, that women aged thirty have a fifty-fifty chance of being raped, robbed, or attacked, and that many police officials say flatly that they cannot protect citizens from crime. During the same period, the number of women considering gun ownership quadrupled to nearly two million. Manufacturers began showing light-weight weapons with small grips and purses with built-in holsters. A new magazine is called Guns and Women, and more than 8,000 copies of the video A Woman's Guide to Firearms were sold by 1988. Experts say female gun buyers are not limited to any particular age group, profession, social class, or area of the country and most are buying guns to protect themselves. Shooting instructors say women view guns with more caution than do men and may make better shots.
-Linda Hasselstrom
-Do you feel that Hasselstrom gets to the real causes and effects concerning the paragraph's topic? Explain your answer.

Answer 3

Answers will vary.

Question 4

Read the following paragraphs and answer the questions after each paragraph.
We learned that any female over the age of twelve can expect to be criminally assaulted some time in her life, that women aged thirty have a fifty-fifty chance of being raped, robbed, or attacked, and that many police officials say flatly that they cannot protect citizens from crime. During the same period, the number of women considering gun ownership quadrupled to nearly two million. Manufacturers began showing light-weight weapons with small grips and purses with built-in holsters. A new magazine is called Guns and Women, and more than 8,000 copies of the video A Woman's Guide to Firearms were sold by 1988. Experts say female gun buyers are not limited to any particular age group, profession, social class, or area of the country and most are buying guns to protect themselves. Shooting instructors say women view guns with more caution than do men and may make better shots.
-Linda Hasselstrom
-How does Hasselstrom organize the details in this paragraph: chronologically or from one extreme to another?

Question 5

Firor said the world might eventually have to cut its carbon dioxide production by half in order to stabilize the gas in the atmosphere but that this might not happen until the world had already warmed an average of 4 or 5 degrees Fahrenheit, an increase that still could have significant and perhaps catastrophic effects. In fact, scientists say it might even be necessary to reduce emissions by as much as 90 percent to reverse warming and to restore the climate to that of pre-industrial times before man-made carbon dioxide began accumulating in the atmosphere.
-William Booth
-What is Booth analyzing in this paragraph? Does the topic sentence capture this focus? Explain your answer.

Question 6

Firor said the world might eventually have to cut its carbon dioxide production by half in order to stabilize the gas in the atmosphere but that this might not happen until the world had already warmed an average of 4 or 5 degrees Fahrenheit, an increase that still could have significant and perhaps catastrophic effects. In fact, scientists say it might even be necessary to reduce emissions by as much as 90 percent to reverse warming and to restore the climate to that of pre-industrial times before man-made carbon dioxide began accumulating in the atmosphere.
-William Booth

-What causes and effects does Booth cite? How do they relate to the topic sentence?

Question 7

Firor said the world might eventually have to cut its carbon dioxide production by half in order to stabilize the gas in the atmosphere but that this might not happen until the world had already warmed an average of 4 or 5 degrees Fahrenheit, an increase that still could have significant and perhaps catastrophic effects. In fact, scientists say it might even be necessary to reduce emissions by as much as 90 percent to reverse warming and to restore the climate to that of pre-industrial times before man-made carbon dioxide began accumulating in the atmosphere.
-William Booth
-Do you feel that Booth gets to the real causes and effects concerning the paragraph's topic? Explain your answer.

Question 8

Firor said the world might eventually have to cut its carbon dioxide production by half in order to stabilize the gas in the atmosphere but that this might not happen until the world had already warmed an average of 4 or 5 degrees Fahrenheit, an increase that still could have significant and perhaps catastrophic effects. In fact, scientists say it might even be necessary to reduce emissions by as much as 90 percent to reverse warming and to restore the climate to that of pre-industrial times before man-made carbon dioxide began accumulating in the atmosphere.
-William Booth
-How does Booth organize the details in this paragraph: chronologically or from one extreme to another?

Question 9

Attacking child poverty at its roots means changing laws and changing social values. Legislators in California are considering proposals streamlining the child-support payment process. The leader is Washington state, where unmarried fathers must sign a paternity statement if they want their names on the child's birth certificate. Washington also requires many employers to give the names and Social Security numbers of all hires to the state child-support agency for tracking purposes. And several states now require fathers to join job search programs.
-Jan Larson
-What is Larson analyzing in this paragraph? Does the topic sentence capture this focus? Explain your answer.

Question 10

Attacking child poverty at its roots means changing laws and changing social values. Legislators in California are considering proposals streamlining the child-support payment process. The leader is Washington state, where unmarried fathers must sign a paternity statement if they want their names on the child's birth certificate. Washington also requires many employers to give the names and Social Security numbers of all hires to the state child-support agency for tracking purposes. And several states now require fathers to join job search programs.
-Jan Larson

-What causes and effects does the author cite? How do they relate to the topic sentence?

Question 11

Attacking child poverty at its roots means changing laws and changing social values. Legislators in California are considering proposals streamlining the child-support payment process. The leader is Washington state, where unmarried fathers must sign a paternity statement if they want their names on the child's birth certificate. Washington also requires many employers to give the names and Social Security numbers of all hires to the state child-support agency for tracking purposes. And several states now require fathers to join job search programs.
-Jan Larson
-Do you feel that Larson gets to the real causes and effects concerning the paragraph's topic? Explain your answer.

Question 12

Attacking child poverty at its roots means changing laws and changing social values. Legislators in California are considering proposals streamlining the child-support payment process. The leader is Washington state, where unmarried fathers must sign a paternity statement if they want their names on the child's birth certificate. Washington also requires many employers to give the names and Social Security numbers of all hires to the state child-support agency for tracking purposes. And several states now require fathers to join job search programs.
-Jan Larson

-How does Larson organize the details in this paragraph: chronologically or from one extreme to another?

Question 13

Analyzing causes and effects is to break a topic or situation down into parts and look at how these parts

A) relate to each other.
B) divide each other.
C) explain each other.
D) describe each other.

Question 14

To understand a cause, we look to the

A) past and the future.
B) present.
C) future.
D) past.

Question 15

What should always be the first step in a cause and effect essay?

A) Identify the causes and effects of your topic.
B) Write a topic sentence to make you decide what you are analyzing.
C) Choose the type of organization that will be the most effective.
D) Write transitional sentences.

Question 16

Why do you need to have a clear statement or topic sentence in your cause and effect paragraph?

A) The topic sentence always goes first in your paragraph.
B) So you know which organization will be the most effective.
C) You need to decide what you are analyzing and whether you are going to focus on causes, effects, or both.
D) So you can think of other topics to analyze.

Question 17

How do you include facts and details, or causes and effects, which fully explain your topic sentence?

A) Outline all the possible causes and effects of your topic.
B) Choose the best examples to illustrate your causes and effects.
C) Anticipate your readers' questions, and then answer them in your paragraph.
D) Answer any questions that you personally may have about the causes and effects.

Question 18

What does it mean to include the true causes and effects of your topic?

A) To include the true causes and effects, you must not make up or fictionalize any causes or effects.
B) Including the true causes and effects means to use only the causes and effects you can prove.
C) Including the true causes and effects means to dig to the actual causes and effects, not the coincidences.
D) To include the true causes and effects means to determine the effects based on what happened next.

Question 19

Why must you dig to find the true causes and effects of your topic?

A) You must dig to present an honest explanation of the causes and effects.
B) The actual causes and effects may not be the most obvious causes and effects.
C) To build your credibility as an author, you must dig to find the true causes and effects of your topic.
D) Your first analysis of the causes and effects are never the true ones.

Question 20

Which of the following examples is the true effect of rain?

A) My creaky roof is leaking.
B) The streets are flooding because the drains are backed up.
C) I have to use an umbrella.
D) My car is dirty.

Question 21

How does Robert Hine organize the details in his paragraph?

A) from specific to general
B) spatially
C) from general to specific
D) from one extreme to another

Question 22

Name one effect of having face-to-face contact in Robert Hine's paragraph about blind people.

A) The blind do not see faces.
B) People who can see do not have to look a blind person in the face.
C) The blind turn their faces toward the voice of the person speaking.
D) The blind turn their faces toward the voice so that they can better hear.

Question 23

When we work with causes and effects, we are searching for _______________ and reasons.

Question 24

To discover an effect, we look to the _________ to figure out what the possible results of an action might be.

Question 25

To choose facts and details to support your topic sentence, you should try to anticipate your reader's _______________ and then ____________ them in your paragraph.

Question 26

Do not confuse true causes and effects with ________________.

Question 27

You organize your material ___________ so that it communicates your message as clearly as possible.

Question 28

Choose the correct definition for each of the following underlined words from the essay.

-Now I can only assume that her teacher didn't allow pupils to browse tablet computers in the class; otherwise Holly could almost certainly have found distraction and stimulation which would have preempted the embarrassing trip to the hospital accident and emergency department.

A) foreseen
B) acknowledged
C) refused
D) acted before something happened

Question 29

Choose the correct definition for each of the following underlined words from the essay.

-So there's the challenge, how precisely do you learn about the neuroanatomical connections of the prefrontal cortex or the joys of confirmatory factor analysis without having to put up with a bit of boredom?

A) anatomy and nervous system
B) psychological
C) spinal cord and connecting tissues
D) mind-body connection

Question 30

Choose the correct definition for each of the following underlined words from the essay.

-So there's the challenge, how precisely do you learn about the neuroanatomical connections of the prefrontal cortex cortex or the joys of confirmatory factor analysis without having to put up with a bit of boredom?

A) right hemisphere of the brain
B) blood vessels in the brain
C) proteins in the brain
D) front of the brain

Question 31

Choose the correct definition for each of the following underlined words from the essay.

-So there's the challenge, how precisely do you learn about the neuroanatomical connections of the prefrontal cortex or the joys of confirmatory factor analysis without having to put up with a bit of boredom?

A) statistical data collection
B) mathematical theories
C) one way to check a hypothesis
D) one way to document research

Question 32

Choose the correct definition for each of the following underlined words from the essay.

-The moment you feel that edgy sense of time slowing down that signals this unique emotion, all you have to do is flick on a game, send a tweet, or search for a video of… bonobos playing chess.

A) pygmy chimpanzees
B) a species of wild bear
C) circus performers
D) young children who play chess

Question 33

Choose the correct definition for each of the following underlined words from the essay.

-The moment you feel that edgy sense of time slowing down that signals this unique emotion, all you have to do is flick on a game, send a tweet, or search for a video of… bonobos playing chess.

A) forward-thinking
B) nervously irritable
C) scary
D) artificial

Question 34

Choose the correct definition for each of the following underlined words from the essay.

-We become sated with anything that is repeated again and again and our brains are noveltyhungry.

A) overly satisfied
B) satisfy
C) rely
D) believe

Question 35

Choose the correct definition for each of the following underlined words from the essay.

-We become sated with anything that is repeated again and again and our brains are novelty -hungry.

A) stimulation
B) excitement
C) something new
D) relaxation

Question 36

Choose the correct definition for each of the following underlined words from the essay.

-The thrill of that new car soon fades and romantic relationships have to settle into a slow thrum of everyday contentment after the thrilling passions of the initial romance.

A) dull monotony
B) schedule
C) defense mechanism
D) tension

Question 37

Choose the correct definition for each of the following underlined words from the essay.

-Boredom is a signal that you are searching for new goals and the risk is that we can too-easily satisfy this restless drive-short-circuit it, even-by a simple swipe across the screens of our ubiquitous technology.

A) ridiculous
B) omnipresent
C) addictive
D) not harmful

Question 38

Choose the correct answer for each of the following questions about the essay.

-At the beginning of the essay, Ian Robertson recounts the story of Holly Thompson. What injury did Holly sustain from boredom?

A) broken collarbone
B) dislocated jaw
C) sprained finger
D) permanently paralyzed

Question 39

Choose the correct answer for each of the following questions about the essay.

-What does Robertson imply is the conventional solution to students being bored in class?

A) classes should be shorter
B) professors should not lecture
C) cell phones should be banned
D) professors should be more exciting

Question 40

Choose the correct answer for each of the following questions about the essay.

-Due to modern technology, it's very easy to avoid boredom these days.

Question 41

Choose the correct answer for each of the following questions about the essay.

-What does Robertson list as dangers for those who are "too prone to boredom?"

A) gambling
B) drug and alcohol abuse
C) binge eating
D) all of the above

Question 42

Choose the correct answer for each of the following questions about the essay.

-What does the restlessness of boredom signify?

A) unhappiness
B) the environment lacks stimulation
C) the brain's search for something
D) a possible neurological disorder

Question 43

Choose the correct answer for each of the following questions about the essay.

-What are people over-prone to boredom likely to blame their discontent on?

A) their own lack of curiosity
B) other people
C) their external environment
D) their gadgets

Question 44

Choose the correct answer for each of the following questions about the essay.

-We become sated with anything that is repeated again and again and our brains are ___________.

A) novelty-hungry
B) stimulation-hungry
C) excitement-hungry
D) intelligence-hungry

Question 45

Choose the correct answer for each of the following questions about the essay.

-Which of the following is NOT an example Robertson gives of things we become bored with?

A) a favorite food
B) a goal we're trying to achieve
C) a new car
D) a new romance

Question 46

Choose the correct answer for each of the following questions about the essay.

-What is the danger of "not enduring the restless search which our boredom signifies?"

A) we may miss big goals
B) we may not meet the right people
C) our brains may not get enough rest
D) we may become addicted to technology

Question 47

Choose the correct answer for each of the following questions about the essay.

-Researchers in England showed that workers given a very boring routine task to do were much less creative immediately afterwards than workers who were not bored.

Question 48

Answer the following questions about the essay.
-Certainly being too prone to ___________ leaves you vulnerable to all sorts of nasties including problem gambling, drug and alcohol abuse, binge eating, dropping out of school, and depression and anxiety.

Question 49

Answer the following questions about the essay.
-Boredom means feeling your ___________ is not engaged on something either inside or outside your head.

Question 50

Answer the following questions about the essay.
-Dorothy Parker said, "The cure for boredom is _____________," and she was right.

Question 51

Answer the following questions about the essay.
-And this is important because-and here is a possible downside of all that boredom-averting technology-boredom has a ________________.

Question 52

Answer the following questions about the essay.
-Boredom may not be necessary where a person is driven by big ____________ and the big curiosity which they generate.

Question 53

Answer the following questions about the essay.
-Using the essay and your own experiences, what do you think are the most common causes of boredom?

Question 54

Answer the following questions about the essay.
-The author does not arrive at his central argument until halfway through his essay. What does he do before he reaches his argument? What effect does this have on the reader?

Question 55

Answer the following questions about the essay.

-The essay briefly refers to one narrative example and one academic study. Other than these, Robertson's essay seems to be made up of common sense observations. Is this approach effective? What impact do the narrative example and study have on the argument?

Question 56

Answer the following questions about the essay.

-Is Robertson's argument that we should embrace boredom and curiosity persuasive? What are his most persuasive points?

Question 57

Answer the following questions about the essay.
-Do you agree that the accessibility of technology and the ability to avoid boredom is a serious problem among today's youth? Explain.

Question 58

Choose the correct definition for each of the following underlined words from the essay.

-They simulate frightening circumstances that lie outside the realm of ordinary life, providing a fun shot of adrenaline without putting anyone in actual danger.

A) enhance
B) trigger
C) copy
D) soften

Question 59

Choose the correct definition for each of the following underlined words from the essay.

-They simulate frightening circumstances that lie outside the realm of ordinary life, providing a fun shot of adrenaline without putting anyone in actual danger.

A) alcoholic drink
B) excitement
C) stress hormone
D) physical stress

Question 60

Choose the correct definition for each of the following underlined words from the essay.

-In particular, fear can help people cultivate several classic virtues that religious figures,sages , and secular moral traditions have all seen as essential for living a well-ordered life.

A) wise people
B) leaders of a church
C) clinical psychologists
D) researchers

Question 61

Choose the correct definition for each of the following underlined words from the essay.

-By this definition, fear is not the antithesis of courage.

A) cause
B) requirement
C) opposite
D) description

Question 62

Choose the correct definition for each of the following underlined words from the essay.

-It is courage's necessary precondition .

A) reflection
B) test
C) requirement
D) order

Question 63

Choose the correct definition for each of the following underlined words from the essay.

-For Pieper, this final qualifier is important: the confrontation of fear must be oriented toward the common good.

A) sacrificed
B) directed
C) acknowledged
D) hidden

Question 64

Choose the correct definition for each of the following underlined words from the essay.

-According to the Buddha, the key to freedom from fear is to abandon "passion, desire, fondness, thirst, fever, and craving for sensuality ."

A) self-esteem
B) danger
C) honor
D) pleasure

Question 65

Choose the correct definition for each of the following underlined words from the essay.

-The samurai enter to find him sitting in the lotus position in perfect equanimity .

A) mental calmness
B) physical symmetry
C) spiritual focus
D) dream-like trance

Question 66

Choose the correct definition for each of the following underlined words from the essay.

-Presumably, the explanation is that people are abjectly terrified of humiliation in front of others.

A) insanely
B) emotionally
C) undoubtedly
D) hopelessly

Question 67

Choose the correct definition for each of the following underlined words from the essay.

-Then attack these inordinate attachments-and be grateful for the fear that led you to them.

A) natural
B) tragic
C) essential
D) unreasonable

Question 68

Choose the correct answer for each of the following questions about the essay.

-Which of the following are examples of "fake fear?"

A) watching horror films, riding roller coasters, and celebrating Halloween
B) feeling like someone is watching or following you
C) experiencing existential dread about the future
D) pretending you have a condition or disease

Question 69

Choose the correct answer for each of the following questions about the essay.

-What holiday does author Arthur Brooks use to illustrate America's enjoyment of fear?

A) Christmas
B) Halloween
C) Fourth of July
D) All Saints' Day

Question 70

Choose the correct answer for each of the following questions about the essay.

-It is normal to enjoy genuine mortal danger

Question 71

Choose the correct answer for each of the following questions about the essay.

-What is the first "virtue" that fear can cultivate?

A) hope
B) faith
C) love
D) courage

Question 72

Choose the correct answer for each of the following questions about the essay.

-According to psychologist Stanley Rachman, what is the misunderstanding about courage?

A) that it is completely fearlessness
B) that it isn't universally experienced
C) that it is necessary to survival
D) that it is difficult to attain

Question 73

Choose the correct answer for each of the following questions about the essay.

-Are people who enjoy thrill-seeking and entertainment-based fear-provoking situations automatically courageous?

A) Yes!
B) No, absolutely not!
C) Not necessarily.
D) Only if a person feels no fear.

Question 74

Choose the correct answer for each of the following questions about the essay.

-What is the second "virtue" that fear can cultivate?

A) Fear can increase a person's love for their family.
B) Fear can enhance a person's excitement about life.
C) Fear can remind a person of their own mortality.
D) Fear can signal where a person needs to do moral work on themselves.

Question 75

Choose the correct answer for each of the following questions about the essay.

-Which religion considers fear a sign of attachment, and seeks to be totally free from fear?

A) Judaism
B) Buddhism
C) Hinduism
D) Christianity

Question 76

Choose the correct answer for each of the following questions about the essay.

-What sin do Christians and Jews connect to fear?

A) anger
B) lust
C) pride
D) greed

Question 77

Choose the correct answer for each of the following questions about the essay.

-What is consistently ranked as one of America's top fears?

A) public speaking
B) spiders
C) loss of a loved one
D) change

Question 78

Answer the following questions about the essay.
-Americans have a complicated relationship with _________________..

Question 79

Answer the following questions about the essay.
-Fear can be one of the great sources of personal __________________.

Question 80

Answer the following questions about the essay.
-In his book Fear and _____________, Rachman makes the case that _____________ is not the absence of fear, but the decision to go forward in spite of it.