Deck 3: Socialization and the Self

Question 1

The process by which people learn the skills, knowledge, norms, and values of their society and by which they develop their social identity is known as __________.

A) socialization
B) primary socialization
C) secondary socialization
D) anticipatory socialization

Answer 1

socialization

Question 2

What is the difference between primary and secondary socialization?

A) Primary socialization refers to the processes by which people adopt the values, norms, and behaviors of a status or group they wish to join in the future; secondary socialization stresses the basic knowledge and values of society.
B) Primary socialization emphasizes synthesis, creativity, logic, emotional control, and advanced knowledge; secondary socialization is the process by which people learn the skills, knowledge, norms, and values of their society.
C) Primary socialization stresses the basic knowledge and values of society; secondary socialization emphasizes synthesis, creativity, logic, emotional control, and advanced knowledge.
D) Primary socialization is the process by which people learn the skills, knowledge, norms, and values of their society; secondary socialization refers to the processes by which people adopt the values, norms, and behaviors of a status or group they wish to join in the future.

Answer 2

Primary socialization stresses the basic knowledge and values of society; secondary socialization emphasizes synthesis, creativity, logic, emotional control, and advanced knowledge.

Question 3

Cynthia participates in a weekly children's program while her parents are attending a religious service. In addition to learning the basics of her religion during the program, Cynthia is learning how to interact with other kids her age. According to sociologists, this is an example of __________.

A) anticipatory socialization
B) primary socialization
C) secondary socialization
D) resocialization

Answer 3

secondary socialization

Question 4

__________ is the process by which people adopt the values, norms, and behaviors of a status or group they wish to join in the future.

A) Primary socialization
B) Secondary socialization
C) Anticipatory socialization
D) Socialization

Question 5

Susan wants to be a professional golfer when she is older. Her parents have enrolled her in golf lessons, she plays games at the community golf course, and she spends every weekend watching golf on the sports channel. Sociologists would refer to this process of preparation as __________.

A) socialization
B) primary socialization
C) secondary socialization
D) anticipatory socialization

Question 6

The individuals, groups, and organizations that provide substantial amounts of socialization during the life course are known as __________.

A) peer groups
B) agents of socialization
C) mass media
D) family

Question 7

Which agent of socialization does the text identify as arguably the most important?

A) family
B) peers
C) mass media
D) schools

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true about the family and socialization?

A) Parents and families play only a small role in socializing children in society's deep cultural values.
B) The family is less important than the mass media as an agent of socialization.
C) Most socialization from the family is indirect and casual, although it can be formal.
D) Children cannot socialize their parents; only parents can socialize their children.

Question 9

The __________ curriculum emphasizes cognitive skills, such as reading, writing, math, and history. Students are tested on these subjects and schools are evaluated on how well students perform.

A) informal
B) formal
C) hidden
D) missing

Question 10

Which type of curriculum consists of knowledge that is not taught but could be important, such as downplaying the significance of women and minorities in American history?

A) informal curriculum
B) formal curriculum
C) hidden curriculum
D) missing curriculum

Question 11

Through the __________ curriculum, schools reinforce values that are central to the society, such as patriotism and competition.

A) formal
B) hidden
C) missing
D) informal

Question 12

Which of the following is usually children's first introduction to a formal agent of socialization that teaches them to meet objective standards, abide by standard rules, and behave like everyone else?

A) family
B) schools
C) peers
D) mass media

Question 13

The influence of __________ provides a great deal of informal socialization; its influence increases as children grow older and peaks during adolescence.

A) mass media
B) education
C) peer groups
D) family

Question 14

As an agent of socialization, __________ are responsible for portraying a distorted picture of society by focusing on sensationalistic murders and celebrity gossip.

A) peer groups
B) mass media
C) schools
D) families

Question 15

Which of the following is true about self-socialization?

A) Self-socialization is a process of being taught by other people.
B) There are numerous studies available on self-socialization.
C) An individual must have a high degree of determination for self-socialization to be effective.
D) It is not possible for children to self-socialize.

Question 16

Which theoretical perspective maintains that socialization contributes to social order by attaching individuals to the society?

A) functional perspective
B) conflict perspective
C) symbolic interaction perspective
D) feminist perspective

Question 17

Adages such as "knowledge is power" and "teachers control the future" represent which theoretical perspective as it applies to socialization?

A) functional perspective
B) feminist perspective
C) conflict perspective
D) symbolic interaction perspective

Question 18

Which theoretical perspective claims that we are socialized into socialization?

A) functional perspective
B) conflict perspective
C) symbolic interaction perspective
D) feminist perspective

Question 19

__________ is an acceptance of cultural values and norms into one's social makeup.

A) Primary socialization
B) Secondary socialization
C) Internalization
D) Self-socialization

Question 20

The __________ perspective regards socialization as a process of power manifesting itself as benign teaching.

A) functional
B) conflict
C) symbolic interaction
D) feminist

Question 21

According to the __________ perspective, the family is important because it socializes children in the image of society by teaching cultural norms and values.

A) feminist
B) conflict
C) symbolic interaction
D) functional

Question 22

In Joaquin's school, the teachers use their positions of power and influence to insert messages about Christianity into lessons about America's founding, holidays, and current events. This is an example of __________.

A) internalization
B) functionalism
C) self-socialization
D) ideological illusions

Question 23

Dylan, an eight-year-old boy who has autism, has trouble making eye contact and responding appropriately in certain situations. His parents have enrolled him in programs that teach interaction skills. Which theoretical perspective would claim that this process of learning to interact is a part of socialization?

A) conflict perspective
B) functional perspective
C) feminist perspective
D) symbolic interaction perspective

Question 24

Even mirror twins who have the same genetic makeup and are socialized in an identical environment have distinct personalities with a unique identity. In other words, they have a unique __________.

A) self
B) specific other
C) generalized other
D) internalization

Question 25

According to Mead, the __________ consists of the spontaneous acts of the self, and the __________ is the deliberate, thoughtful aspect of the self.

A) "Me"; "I"
B) generalized other; "Me"
C) "I"; generalized other
D) "I"; "Me"

Question 26

If other people respond to a person as a woman, the person develops a sense of self as a woman. This represents which of Mead's concepts?

A) "I"
B) "Me"
C) generalized other
D) specific other

Question 27

Imagine you are driving home and a car abruptly pulls out in front of you, almost causing an accident. If you react by screaming, cursing, and shaking your fist in the air, how would Mead explain it?

A) This is the "Me" part of the self.
B) This is the generalized other.
C) This is the "I" part of the self.
D) This is a response to a specific other.

Question 28

Aaliyah likes to play house. She has a toy kitchen set and she pretends to be a mother. She even uses her kitten as her "baby." According to Mead, what stage is Aaliyah in?

A) game
B) play
C) imitation
D) generalized other

Question 29

Jeremy is sitting in class and has the urge to pick his nose. He doesn't because he is afraid of how the others in class will react to him. Jeremy's behavior is being controlled by the __________.

A) specific other
B) "I"
C) generalized other
D) game stage

Question 30

Courtney and Zahra are on a local soccer team. Courtney sees that if she passes the ball to Zahra, their team will likely score a goal. In this instance, Courtney is aware of her place in a team. Mead would say she is in which stage of development?

A) imitation
B) play
C) game
D) generalized other

Question 31

The concept of the looking glass self describes __________.

A) the idea that we can never know how other people view us
B) the theory that children cannot develop a "self"
C) part of the game stage
D) the process through which we imaginatively assume the reactions of other people

Question 32

The statement "I am not who you think I am; I am not who I think I am; I am who I think you think I am" sums up which sociological theory of the self?

A) "I" and "Me"
B) looking glass self
C) conflict perspective
D) functional perspective

Question 33

A new teacher is nervous about how her students will respond to her. She notices while she is teaching that several students are on their cell phones, a few are sleeping, and hardly anyone is paying attention. According to Cooley's looking glass self, which of the following is the best conclusion?

A) She realizes she may not be an effective teacher because she cannot keep her students' attention. She uses this evaluation as a way to change her teaching methods.
B) She knows the response from the students is not her fault. They simply do not understand what is going on in class because they did not do their homework.
C) She is not bothered by the students' reactions because she knows she is a good teacher.
D) Her self-esteem is bolstered by what she sees in her students. She is convinced she is a good teacher because she is challenging her students.

Question 34

Which of the following is true about the looking glass self?

A) It is impossible to gain a negative impression of how other people see you.
B) The sense of self derived from the looking glass self does not factor into one's self-esteem.
C) It is possible to misread people's reactions and maintain a false sense of self.
D) Everyone constantly consults the looking glass self to gain an image of self.

Question 35

Which of the following is one of the steps in Cooley's looking glass self?

A) We imagine ourselves from the perspective of pop culture.
B) We imagine ourselves in terms of the roles we play in games.
C) We imagine our lives from the perspective of people who are in different social classes.
D) We try to interpret how people react to our presentation of self.

Question 36

Which statement best characterizes both Mead's and Cooley's theories about the self?

A) The self is an inborn trait that is difficult to alter.
B) The self is part of a person's genetic material obtained during procreation.
C) The self is a personal experience that each individual develops on her or his own.
D) The self is fundamentally part of a social process that requires social interactions with other people.

Question 37

Which of the following is true about the life course?

A) Socialization is complete once an individual reaches age 18.
B) All societies regard socialization as progressive and cumulative.
C) Once a person has passed a specific stage in life, it is impossible to go back and learn skills from earlier stages.
D) Socialization stops being an important factor in life once an individual has gone through a rite of passage.

Question 38

In what way is childhood different in today's society than it was before industrialization?

A) Today, children are treated as adults and expected to help with the economic responsibilities of the household.
B) Before industrialization, children attended age-segregated schools and were shielded from social and economic obligations.
C) Today, childhood is romanticized as a time for playful innocence and children are protected and given a specialized social world.
D) Before industrialization, childhood was emphasized as a time of economic independence and new possibilities for freedom.

Question 39

Which stage of the life course includes people in their early twenties who have not yet settled into a conventional adult role involving a career and an independent family?

A) adolescence
B) youth
C) early adulthood
D) middle age

Question 40

Which of the following is true of career expectations men and women face during early adulthood?

A) American culture traditionally assigns domestic duties to women and makes little allowance for women who work full time.
B) The years between 25 and 35 are when men are likely to leave the labor force to raise children.
C) Women ages 25 to 35 are more likely than men to acquire promotions, skills, and seniority that will sustain their careers.
D) Men and women do not face any significant career differences during early adulthood.

Question 41

According to the text, which stage of life is the most rapidly growing segment of the life course?

A) adolescence
B) youth
C) middle age
D) very old age

Question 42

__________ reinforce(s) the importance that society places on various stages of the life course.

A) Rites of passage
B) Socialization
C) Specific others
D) Internalization

Question 43

Which of the following is true about death and dying?

A) Physicians in the United States are legally obligated to tell terminally ill patients that they are dying.
B) The routine workings of U.S. society provide many experiences that involve the possibility of death, helping to socialize us into the inevitable fact of death.
C) Death is not part of the process of socialization.
D) U.S. society does not allow everyday reminders of death, which is why death is so shocking and upsetting to people.

Question 44

Evidence suggests that the more education people have, the less emphasis they place on __________.

A) tolerance
B) travel
C) traditional core values
D) ethics

Question 45

According to Pierre Bourdieu, social class is not simply stratified by economics, but is __________.

A) about who owns the means of production
B) a matter of taste and distinction
C) about social solidarity
D) how women and men comprise different positions in the social hierarchy

Question 46

Which of the following is true about education, social class, and core values?

A) The more education people have, the less likely they are to participate in social media.
B) People with a college education emphasize "tolerance" more than people with a high school education.
C) The more education people have, the more emphasis they place on traditional core values.
D) There are no clear connections among education, social class, and core values.

Question 47

Which of the following statements is true about gender and socialization?

A) Women and girls are overrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) courses.
B) Women and men use social media in the same ways.
C) Gender does not strongly influence the core values that people think are important to teach children.
D) Men value religious faith, obedience, and tolerance more than women.

Question 48

Liquid culture can be defined as a culture __________.

A) of permanence and stability
B) that is routine and functional
C) that rejects change and adjustment
D) of disengagement, discontinuity, and forgetting

Question 49

Which of the following statements is true about liquid socialization?

A) In liquid times, people anticipate having multiple careers and/or two or more careers at the same time.
B) In liquid times, people acquire education to build a foundation for the future.
C) Socialization into careers is a one-time process since most people keep their careers throughout their adult life.
D) In liquid times, people use the knowledge they have acquired as a stepping stone to better future endeavors.

Question 50

If people maintain one version of their self on Facebook and a different version of their self on Twitter, how could this be described sociologically?

A) The generalized other is in control of the person's self identity.
B) The self is short-lived and transitory because it adapts to rapid change, especially in a globally interconnected world.
C) This is a reflection of gender socialization and how men and women use social media.
D) Using Mead's idea of the "I" and "Me," sociologists would explain this as a part of the dual nature of identity.

Question 51

List the multiple agents of socialization and explain their importance.

Question 52

Describe Charles Horton Cooley's theory of the looking glass self and provide an example.

Question 53

How does the self develop, according to George Herbert Mead?

Question 54

Discuss how the intersections of race, class, and gender affect the socialization process, specifically in the teaching of core values to children.

Question 55

Describe the self in liquid times.