Deck 14: Medicine and Health Care

Question 1

The medical definition of health is __________.

A) feeling good
B) the ability to do the things you want to do
C) an absence of pathology
D) not feeling ill

Answer 1

an absence of pathology

Question 2

Medical personnel treat __________.

A) people
B) lifestyle choices
C) pathologies
D) exposure to contamination

Answer 2

pathologies

Question 3

Sociologists are interested in holistic health because __________.

A) they study social links between individuals and society
B) they believe in studying a larger population
C) they do not study individuals
D) there has to be a comparison group for research

Answer 3

they study social links between individuals and society

Question 4

The holistic perspective relates to how __________ define(s) "sickness."

A) the medical community
B) culture
C) physicians
D) the American Medical Association (AMA)

Question 5

The treatment of famine in Niger is an example of using __________ to treat a community.

A) holistic health
B) medicine
C) sociology
D) health care

Question 6

A common measure of holistic health is __________.

A) genetics
B) accidents
C) allergens
D) infant mortality

Question 7

Measures of holistic health intertwine with __________.

A) science and biology
B) life and death
C) medical sciences
D) psychological sciences

Question 8

Which country believes better health is a top priority, but poverty, power, and politics often get in the way of achieving that goal?

A) China
B) the United States
C) France
D) Africa

Question 9

How large is the difference between low-income countries and high-income countries when it comes to infant mortality rates?

A) small difference (less than 5 percent)
B) insignificant (less than 1 percent)
C) significant (over 80 percent)
D) somewhat significant (over 40 percent)

Question 10

The infant mortality rate worldwide is expected to go from 80 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1980 to __________ deaths per 1,000 live births by 2020.

A) 8
B) 28
C) 58
D) 98

Question 11

How many more years can a person in the United States anticipate living today than in 1900?

A) 50
B) 30
C) 20
D) 10

Question 12

The life expectancy in the United States today is around 80 years old. What was it in 1900?

A) 67
B) 57
C) 47
D) 37

Question 13

People in the United States are living longer, which is a sign of improved medical care and __________.

A) improved environmental factors
B) improved lifestyle
C) higher rates of exercise
D) lower obesity levels

Question 14

When compared to other postindustrial, democratic societies, the U.S. infant mortality rate is __________.

A) the highest
B) the lowest
C) average
D) somewhere in the middle

Question 15

Sociological evidence suggests that in the United States, low-income families receive __________.

A) the same health care as high-income families
B) adequate health care
C) good health care
D) poor health care

Question 16

In comparing U.S. infant mortality to that of other countries, you must factor in __________.

A) how the country measures age categories (i.e., infant vs. child)
B) what the country counts as a live birth
C) social factors related to infant deaths
D) at what length of pregnancy the country considers the infant viable

Question 17

According to the functional perspective, health care was developed to __________.

A) create social networks for people
B) make people well so they can fulfill their function in society
C) create power and make money
D) regulate "medicine doctors"

Question 18

When you are in the "sick role," you __________.

A) are giving another person the opportunity to care for you
B) are excused from your societal obligations
C) need to seek medical care
D) are an outcast

Question 19

Conflict theorists explain the stake of medical professionals in the business of medicine as __________.

A) immoral
B) unethical
C) their competition to achieve power, prestige, and profit
D) the symbol of medicine in the world today

Question 20

Conflict theorists claim that the __________ efforts of drug companies are the exception to their usual practices.

A) humanitarian
B) power driven
C) monetary seeking
D) holistic

Question 21

The money spent on medications worldwide exceeds __________, showing the economic power of drug companies.

A) $1 trillion
B) $1 billion
C) $1 million
D) $500,000

Question 22

Symbolic interactionists have found that social isolation has a(n) __________ impact on mortality.

A) slight
B) average
C) above average
D) severe

Question 23

Which sociological perspective views social networks as important contributors to health?

A) functional perspective
B) conflict perspective
C) symbolic interaction perspective
D) feminist perspective

Question 24

Symbolic interactionists explain health stigmas as __________.

A) self-inflicted labeling
B) negative labels people place on illness or injury
C) the result of a power play between physicians and insurance companies
D) fulfilling an important societal function

Question 25

Some people have health stigmas with diseases such as HIV/AIDS because of __________.

A) denial they have the illness
B) feeling weak because they have the illness
C) how the disease is contracted
D) the desire to get well

Question 26

Smoking accounts directly or indirectly for __________ deaths in the United States each year.

A) 10,000
B) 50,000
C) 500,000
D) 1 million

Question 27

Lung diseases and conditions such as COPD and cancer are particularly __________ ways to die.

A) painful
B) fast
C) easy
D) lonely

Question 28

Which of the following is a true statement regarding obesity?

A) Globally, more people die of diseases related to being underweight than overweight.
B) Eating massive quantities of food is part of the consumerist culture that exists in many contemporary societies.
C) Food has become more expensive over time, and the average American family now spends a higher percentage of its income on food.
D) Globally, nearly 80 percent of adults are classified as obese.

Question 29

One social issue related to obesity is __________.

A) fad "exercise" regimes
B) fad "diets"
C) smoking
D) normative feasting

Question 30

More concerning than the rate of obesity in adults is the rate of obesity in __________.

A) infants
B) children
C) the elderly
D) men

Question 31

One concern with alcohol consumption is its connection to __________.

A) sugar
B) food
C) exercise
D) cultural expectations

Question 32

What percentage of college students meet the criteria for having an alcohol use disorder?

A) 2 percent
B) 10 percent
C) 20 percent
D) 60 percent

Question 33

__________ refers to the widespread but temporary occurrence of a disease; __________ refers to the outbreak of disease over a vast area or worldwide.

A) Pathology; epidemic
B) Epidemic; pathology
C) Pandemic; epidemic
D) Epidemic; pandemic

Question 34

The incidence of HIV is highly concentrated in __________.

A) the United States
B) Sub-Saharan Africa
C) Latin America
D) North Africa

Question 35

The spread of HIV/AIDS is worse in Africa because of __________.

A) high rates of poverty
B) missionaries from other countries
C) its refusal to allow antiretroviral therapy
D) lack of prison regulation

Question 36

Which organization has vowed to end the HIV/AIDS pandemic by 2030?

A) World Health Organization
B) Equality Now
C) AIDS America
D) United Nations

Question 37

What makes researchers believe there is hope of ending the HIV/AIDS pandemic?

A) There have been many cures to other diseases found over the years.
B) A cultural shift in Sub-Saharan Africa has eradicated prejudice against alternative sexual orientations, making it more likely that HIV sufferers will seek help.
C) There has been a decrease in AIDS mortality rates.
D) People around the world are committed to working together to end AIDS.

Question 38

Which of the following populations is most at risk for new cases of HIV?

A) heterosexual men
B) heterosexual women
C) men who have sex with men (MSM)
D) homosexual women

Question 39

Which of the following is a major risk factor for contracting HIV?

A) using condoms
B) practicing monogamy
C) lesbianism
D) contracting other sexually transmitted infections

Question 40

Higher education enables people to gather health-related information effectively from various sources and then apply that information to their lives. Sociologists refer to this as __________.

A) holistic health
B) pathology
C) medicalization
D) learned efficacy

Question 41

People below the poverty line are __________ times more likely to be uninsured.

A) two
B) four
C) six
D) eight

Question 42

Education level has __________ times more impact on choosing healthy behaviors than income.

A) two
B) four
C) six
D) eight

Question 43

When socioeconomic status is removed from the equation, Blacks and Hispanics still have worse health than Whites because __________.

A) they are more susceptible to pandemics
B) White doctors over-prescribe pain medications to Black and Hispanic patients
C) they suffer from many genetic health issues
D) they experience race-related stress in daily life that negatively affects health

Question 44

What percentage of physicians are Black or Hispanic?

A) 4 percent
B) 5 percent
C) 6 percent
D) 7 percent

Question 45

Sociologists are concerned with rates of __________ in women and girls.

A) heart disease
B) posttraumatic stress disorder
C) obesity
D) fibromyalgia

Question 46

Although there are more reasons for women to have health issues, the evidence shows that __________.

A) men die sooner because of more lethal diseases
B) they have fewer health issues than men
C) it depends on their genetics
D) women are also more likely to smoke than men

Question 47

In 2012, women outlived men by __________ years.

A) 5
B) 4
C) 3
D) 2

Question 48

There are two main questions about emergency room care: "Why does emergency room care cost so much?" and __________.

A) "Why is the wait so long?"
B) "Why do they just refer you to other services?"
C) "How do people pay for emergencies?"
D) "When will things change?"

Question 49

One explanation for the high cost of health care is that __________.

A) an aging population leads to greater demand for medical services
B) the materials used for health care supplies are rare
C) there are no federal funds to help cover uninsured people
D) the regulations for cleanliness of medical facilities create a severe cost burden

Question 50

Which health care program in the United States is for people age 65 or older?

A) Medicaid
B) Medicare
C) Affordable Health Care
D) Child's Health Insurance Program

Question 51

Describe the major components of the Affordable Care Act (ACA).

Question 52

What are the controversies surrounding government-provided universal health care in the United States?

Question 53

Explain the intersection of HIV/AIDS and global poverty.

Question 54

Analyze cultural aspects of obesity in the United States.

Question 55

Describe the symbolic interactionist view on illness.