Deck 11: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Which of the following disorders is often preceded by a childhood of abuse and neglect?

A) bipolar I disorder
B) dysthymic disorder
C) antisocial personality disorder
D) major depressive disorder

Answer 1

antisocial personality disorder

Question 2

Following his tour of duty with the United Nations forces in Rwanda, what did Canadian General Roméo Dallaire suffer from?

A) dissociative identity disorder
B) post-traumatic stress disorder
C) depression
D) paranoid psychosis

Answer 2

post-traumatic stress disorder

Question 3

What do we call the scientific study of the origins, symptoms, and development of psychological disorders?

A) mental health
B) psychopathology
C) schizophrenia
D) co morbidity prevalence

Answer 3

psychopathology

Question 4

What does the term psychopathology refer to?

A) the scientific study of mental, emotional, and behavioural disorders
B) social non-conformity
C) the scientific study of people who differ from the "average" individual
D) the study of people who think in contrary ways to psychological research findings

Question 5

How do we identify abnormal behaviour?

A) by the evidence of loss of contact with reality
B) by people who are unhappy, withdrawn, and depressed
C) by those who deviate from typical or average patterns of behaviour
D) by those who are disabled by anxiety

Question 6

Marlene's psychologist diagnosed her with a psychological disorder because her behaviour was causing personal suffering. What feature of abnormality was the psychologist using?

A) how infrequent the behaviour is
B) the degree of harmful behaviour
C) the degree of subjective discomfort
D) how culturally inappropriate the behaviour is

Question 7

Juan believes that God spoke to him during an out-of-body experience. Our society believes that this thinking deviates from typical patterns of behaviour, and therefore we assume that he is hallucinating.
How would society view Juan's behaviour?

A) as subjective discomfort
B) as a personality disorder
C) as a statistical abnormality
D) as legal insanity

Question 8

What is a problem with using subjective feelings of discomfort as a measure of abnormality?

A) feelings of discomfort are too objective and therefore unscientific
B) maladaptive behaviour does not always produce discomfort
C) a lack of discomfort is usually an indication of psychopathology
D) feelings of discomfort are too common to be labelled abnormal

Question 9

Which statement applies to social nonconformity?

A) It is usually accompanied by deep personal feelings of discomfort.
B) It may, like rigid social conformity, indicate a psychological disorder, but may also be a harmless eccentricity.
C) It indicates some degree of psychological disorder, though it may be slight.
D) It is something of which the individual is unaware.

Question 10

Terrance is extremely creative in that he has painted his new car in various colours because he believes that it looks better. Additionally, he has glued his favourite childhood toys to the hood, trunk, and roof of his car. According to which definition of normality is Terrance's behaviour abnormal?

A) the social nonconformity definition
B) the statistical definition
C) the cultural definition
D) the subjective discomfort definition

Question 11

When assessing abnormal behaviours, what do most definitions of abnormality focus on?

A) Does the behaviour cause personal distress or harm to self and others?
B) Has the person's occupation been taken into consideration?
C) How treatable is the behaviour?
D) Does the behaviour make the person appear socially awkward?

Question 12

With Canada's diverse urban populations, it is important to determine the cultural context that an individual's behaviour takes place within. In the definition of normality, what is this criterion called?

A) cultural relativity
B) situational context
C) cultural context
D) cultural diversity

Question 13

Which of the following provides a set of diagnostic categories for classifying mental disorders?

A) the Freudian Psychoanalytic System (FPS)
B) the system designed by Emil Kraepelin and Eugen Bleuler
C) the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR)
D) the system found in the Federal Uniform Code of Psychopathology (UCP)

Question 14

For the purpose of identifying mental disorders, how is abnormal behaviour best defined?

A) behaviour that makes daily life more difficult and which indicates loss of control
B) behaviour that causes a person extreme personal discomfort
C) behaviour that is illegal or persistently nonconformist
D) behaviour that is statistically different from the average of the general population

Question 15

What system is used in the United States and Canada to classify psychological problems?

A) the Freudian Psychoanalytic System (FPS)
B) the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR)
C) the system designed by Emil Kraepelin and Eugen Bleuler
D) the system found in the Federal Uniform Code of Psychopathology (UCP)

Question 16

In some countries, it is normal to defecate or urinate in public. What does this example strongly suggest regarding judgments of the normality of behaviour?

A) Judgments are culturally relative.
B) Judgments are statistically abnormal.
C) The normality of behaviour is a matter of subjective discomfort.
D) The normality of behaviour is universal.

Question 17

What type of disorders does the DSM-IV-TR primarily describe and classify?

A) mental disorders
B) organic disorders
C) psychotic disorders
D) cognitive disorders

Question 18

Which of the following best represents the descriptions of various disorders in the DSM-IV-TR?

A) The descriptions include all forms of mental disorder manifested in all the cultures in the world.
B) The descriptions are a compilation of all the types of cases seen by all certified clinicians surveyed.
C) The descriptions are based exclusively on empirical data and clinical observations.
D) The descriptions are intentionally ambiguous so as to not encourage the compartmentalization of individuals diagnosed.

Question 19

In Malaysia and other cultures of southern Asia, men who believe they have been insulted will sometimes brood, and then erupt in violence. What is this condition called?

A) koro
B) ataque de nervios
C) amok
D) locura

Question 20

What are koro, locura, and zar?

A) terms for imaginary disorders in foreign countries
B) conditions described in the DSM-IV as disorders confined to specific cultures
C) rare conditions in North American culture, which are thus excluded from the DSM-IV
D) folk names for afflictions seen in other cultures

Question 21

Afflictions such as ataque de nervios and ghost sickness are evidence of which of the following?

A) the fact that psychopathology still has a long way to go before it can explain all mental disorders
B) the fact that multiple disorders seen in one culture may fuse into a single illness in another culture
C) a cross-cultural need to put labels on disturbed behaviours
D) the idea that mental health may be adversely affected by supernatural forces

Question 22

What do we call a psychological dependence on mood or behaviour-altering drugs?

A) drug psychosis
B) substance-related disorder
C) psychosis
D) psychotropic disorder

Question 23

Which of the following is the legal definition of an inability to manage one's affairs or be aware of the consequences of one's actions?

A) insanity
B) psychosis
C) neurosis
D) psychosomatic disorder

Question 24

According to the textbook, which disorders are characterized by enduring patterns of maladaptive behaviour that are a source of distress both to the individual and to others?

A) dissociative disorders
B) personality disorders
C) somatoform disorders
D) conversion disorders

Question 25

Which of the following applies to personality disorders?

A) Many personality disorders are adaptive.
B) Personality disorders typically emerge abruptly after a traumatic experience.
C) The patterns of personality disorders often begin in adolescence or childhood.
D) There are many personality disorders, all with the same degree of impairment.

Question 26

Timothy was arrested for bombing a building. Although he confessed to the crime, he appears to have no remorse for his actions and no sympathy for the people he harmed. Which personality disorder is Timothy most likely to be diagnosed with?

A) schizoid personality disorder
B) borderline personality disorder
C) antisocial personality disorder
D) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Question 27

Which of the following is characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?

A) feelings of remorse
B) extreme anxiety
C) emotional shallowness
D) being passive

Question 28

Peter has an extreme mistrust and suspiciousness of others. Which personality disorder is most consistent with Peter's behaviour?

A) antisocial personality disorder
B) borderline personality disorder
C) paranoid personality disorder
D) histrionic personality disorder

Question 29

Gwendolyn is a 34-year-old unmarried woman, who relies on her parents to take care of her. She refuses to move out because she has an extreme lack of self-confidence and feels that her parents do a better job of structuring her life than does anyone else. Which personality disorder does Gwendolyn most likely have?

A) paranoid personality disorder
B) histrionic personality disorder
C) schizotypal personality disorder
D) dependent personality disorder

Question 30

Keelie's parents are concerned about her impulsivity and unpredictability that have persisted beyond her adolescent years. Her mood swings have affected any chance of her developing stable relationships. Which disorder does Keelie most likely have?

A) major depression
B) conversion disorder
C) borderline personality disorder
D) antisocial personality disorder

Question 31

Maya has an extreme lack of self-confidence, and she allows others to run her life. Which personality disorder is she most likely to be diagnosed with?

A) dependent personality disorder
B) narcissistic personality disorder
C) paranoid personality disorder
D) antisocial personality disorder

Question 32

Jason is preoccupied with his own importance, craving attention and admiration. What type of personality does Jason likely have?

A) an obsessive personality
B) a dependent personality
C) a paranoid personality
D) a narcissistic personality

Question 33

Salvatore has extreme perfectionism that often prevents him from completing tasks. Which personality disorder are Salvatore's symptoms most consistent with?

A) schizoid personality disorder
B) borderline personality disorder
C) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
D) conversion personality disorder

Question 34

Which of the following best describes anxiety?

A) Anxiety is a response to a specific threat.
B) Anxiety is the feeling of apprehension, dread, or uneasiness.
C) Anxiety is another term for fear.
D) Anxiety is always considered abnormal.

Question 35

Which of the following features do anxiety-related problems involve?

A) disorganized thought patterns
B) feelings of threat
C) unrealistic expectations
D) sadness and feelings of loss

Question 36

Which of the following best describes the term "nervous breakdown"?

A) It refers to very psychotic behaviour episodes.
B) It is a legal term.
C) It has no psychological meaning.
D) It refers to serious depression.

Question 37

How does an anxiety disorder differ from an adjustment disorder?

A) An anxiety disorder is a temporary pattern of distress.
B) An anxiety disorder is a temporary pattern associated with stress.
C) An anxiety disorder is more likely to involve a break with reality.
D) An anxiety disorder is more likely to persist after life circumstances have improved.

Question 38

Which of the following conditions is most associated with the (invalid) concept of a nervous breakdown?

A) agoraphobia
B) fear response
C) adjustment disorder
D) anxiety disorder

Question 39

Roger has a vague, general uneasiness and the feeling that something bad is about to happen. What is this experience called?

A) neurosis
B) anxiety
C) guilt
D) conscience

Question 40

What kind of disorders are panic disorder, phobias, and obsessive-compulsive disorder?

A) somatoform disorders
B) dissociative disorders
C) anxiety disorders
D) mood disorders

Question 41

Beatrice feels faint every time she thinks of leaving the house and uses various excuses to avoid going anywhere. What is Beatrice suffering from?

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder
B) agoraphobia
C) panic disorder
D) generalized anxiety disorder

Question 42

Tiana worries excessively about her children, her job, her house, and her finances to the point that she cannot get anything done. Her sense of foreboding is interfering with her ability to sleep, eat, and enjoy life. Which disorder is Tiana most likely suffering from?

A) panic disorder
B) somatoform disorder
C) dysthymia
D) generalized anxiety disorder

Question 43

Laura is in class when she begins to feel uncomfortable, irritable, and unable to focus on anything that is happening. She decides to leave for some fresh air. But as soon as she stands up, she is hit suddenly with an incapacitating attack of anxiety. Which disorder is Laura most likely suffering from?

A) phobic disorder
B) panic disorder
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) generalized anxiety disorder

Question 44

Carmen complains of headaches, diarrhea, and muscle tension, which began when she started to worry about succeeding in her doctoral program and to fear that her husband will leave her. Which condition is Carmen most likely experiencing?

A) a phobic disorder
B) hypochondriasis
C) generalized anxiety disorder
D) multiple personality disorder

Question 45

Which disorder is characterized by recurrent and unpredictable attacks of anxiety, panic, or terror?

A) generalized anxiety disorder
B) phobic disorder
C) panic disorder
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 46

In what way do phobias differ from ordinary fears?

A) They frequently involve specific objects or situations.
B) They frequently involve bugs and other crawling things.
C) They frequently involve intense reactions like fainting or vomiting.
D) They frequently involve heights in unfamiliar places.

Question 47

How do phobias differ from generalized anxiety disorders?

A) phobias are more persistent
B) phobias are more intense
C) phobias are more irrational
D) phobias are more focused

Question 48

What do we call an intense, irrational fear focused on a particular object, activity, or situation?

A) an anxiety response
B) a specific phobia
C) a nervous breakdown
D) an adjustment disorder

Question 49

Which of the following is an intense, irrational fear triggered by a particular object or situation?

A) a panic attack
B) a delusion
C) a hallucination
D) a specific phobia

Question 50

Joan's fear of large dogs is irrational and intense. She goes to such great lengths to avoid large dogs that her fear and avoidance of them disrupts her everyday functioning. What is Joan suffering from?

A) panic attacks
B) delusions
C) a specific phobia
D) obsessive anxiety

Question 51

Brian suffers from repetitive, intrusive thoughts and uncontrollable urges to perform certain repetitive behaviours. Which disorder would Brian most likely be diagnosed with?

A) generalized anxiety disorder
B) phobia disorder
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) post-traumatic stress disorder

Question 52

While an obsession is an unwanted thought, what is a compulsion?

A) an unwanted response
B) an unwanted phobia
C) an unwanted cognition
D) an unwanted behaviour

Question 53

Michael is extremely preoccupied by his fear of germs to the point that he wears a surgical mask, has his home sanitized daily, and washes his hands every time he touches anything. Which condition would Michael most likely be diagnosed with?

A) dissociative disorder
B) specific phobia
C) generalized anxiety disorder
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 54

When a person experiences repeated, uncontrollable thoughts, fears, or mental images that cause great anxiety and distress even though they have no basis in reality, what is he or she experiencing?

A) hallucinations
B) delusions
C) obsessions
D) compulsions

Question 55

What do the descriptions "acro," "claustro," and "pyro" refer to?

A) the root words of some common obsessions
B) the root words of some specific phobias
C) the root words of some free-floating anxieties
D) the root words of hypochondriasis

Question 56

Tony has frequent, intrusive recollections of his combat experience in Afghanistan, a month after his return. He experiences emotional numbing and tensing, and avoids loud environments. What is Tony most likely suffering from?

A) generalized anxiety disorder
B) post-traumatic stress disorder
C) agoraphobia
D) social phobia

Question 57

Two weeks after Vince witnessed the death of a close friend in an accident, he is experiencing insomnia and nightmares. He also has trouble concentrating and unpredictably explodes in anger. What is Vince most likely experiencing?

A) obsessive disorder
B) acute stress disorder
C) dissociative disorder
D) post-traumatic stress disorder

Question 58

Miguel cannot remember vital personal information such as his name, address, and date of birth. His memory problem is not due to a physical or medical condition, drugs, or illness. What condition does Miguel most likely have?

A) schizophrenia
B) dissociative amnesia
C) delusional stress
D) bipolar disorder

Question 59

Which of the following would be evidence of a dissociative disorder?

A) A former airline steward has flashbacks to a post-traumatic stress disorder.
B) A nurse states that she feels like a stranger in her own body, and that she goes through the day robot-like.
C) You spend large amount of your time washing your hands and counting your heart beats.
D) An accountant gets sexually aroused only when he is verbally humiliated.

Question 60

Dorothy disappeared after being accused of murdering her parents, and was found months later living in a convent far from her home. Dorothy claimed that her name was Sister Francis Odile, that she had always been a nun, and that she doesn't know anyone by the name of Dorothy. Even after being positively identified, Dorothy continued to insist on the incorrect name. Which disorder is Dorothy most likely suffering from?

A) dissociative fugue
B) delusions
C) schizophrenia
D) bipolar disorder

Question 61

How are amnesia, fugue, and identity disorder classified?

A) as obsessive-compulsive disorders
B) as phobic disorders
C) as schizophrenic disorders
D) as dissociative disorders

Question 62

The fact that some mental health experts question the existence of multiple personalities is relevant for which psychological problem?

A) dissociative fugue
B) dissociative identity disorder
C) somatization disorder
D) dissociative amnesia

Question 63

A dissociative disorder involves extensive memory disruptions and the presence of at least two distinct identities. What is this disorder called?

A) dissociative fugue
B) dissociative amnesia
C) dissociative paranoia
D) dissociative identity disorder

Question 64

Sybil was unable to explain or remember her frequent escapades, strange clothing, or phone calls from people she claimed she didn't know. While in therapy, Sybil's demeanour changed and "Priscilla" arose, stating that Sybil is a bore and doesn't know anything. Which condition is Sybil most likely suffering from?

A) schizophrenia
B) dissociative amnesia
C) dissociative identity disorder
D) dissociative fugue

Question 65

Shane has persistent anxiety regarding the possibility of having a deadly disease. Which disorder is Shane most likely to be diagnosed with?

A) bipolar disorder
B) dissociative disorder
C) hypochondriasis disorder
D) personality disorder

Question 66

When a person worries about physical illness for which no organic causes can be found, what disorder does he or she most likely have?

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder
B) anxiety disorder
C) dissociative disorder
D) somatoform disorder

Question 67

As discussed in the textbook, which group of disorders all involve a sudden, temporary change in consciousness, memory, or identity?

A) phobic disorders
B) dissociative disorders
C) obsessive-compulsive disorders
D) panic disorders

Question 68

Ivana is disabled by pain that has no identifiable physical basis. Which abnormal behaviour does she most likely have?

A) organic pain
B) fugue
C) pain disorder
D) anesthesia

Question 69

Janet feels ill much of the time and has gone to the emergency room and to her family physician with numerous bodily complaints, yet no physical cause has been found. Doctors have repeatedly told her that she is perfectly healthy. What is likely to be Janet's problem?

A) anxiety psychosis
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder
C) dissociative reaction
D) somatization disorder

Question 70

According to the humanistic approach, when we get information that contradicts our perceptions of ourselves, we become vulnerable to the consequences of a faulty self-image. Which of the following is this distorted self-image most likely to lead to?

A) psychotic breaks
B) split personalities
C) nervous breakdowns
D) anxiety disorders

Question 71

How does the behavioural approach explain the self-defeating behaviour patterns people engage in, which culminate in anxiety-based disorders?

A) by the anxiety reduction hypothesis
B) by the acknowledgment of the interaction between temperament and environment
C) by the disturbed verbal communication model
D) by the frustrated psychological need model

Question 72

Which approach states that anxiety disorders occur when distorted thinking magnifies ordinary threats and failures?

A) the psychodynamic approach
B) the cognitive approach
C) the humanistic approach
D) the behaviouristic approach

Question 73

Roughly what percentage of the population will develop schizophrenia?

A) 1 percent
B) 5 percent
C) 10 percent
D) 20 percent

Question 74

Robert suffers from a loss of contact with reality. He hears and sees things others do not, and believes things that others find incredible. What type of disorder are his symptoms consistent with?

A) an anxiety disorder
B) a psychotic disorder
C) a dissociative disorder
D) an affective disorder

Question 75

Which psychological disorder is characterized by impaired functioning due to delusions, distorted perceptions, and disturbed thought processes and emotions?

A) major depression
B) schizophrenia
C) dissociative identity disorder
D) post-traumatic stress disorder

Question 76

What do we call certain false or distorted beliefs that are held even when they are contradicted by strong evidence?

A) fantasies
B) hallucinations
C) delusions
D) illusions

Question 77

Allison believes that her body is rotting and is ravaged by disease. Which of the following issues does she have?

A) a delusion
B) a delusion of grandeur
C) a delusion of persecution
D) an erotic delusion

Question 78

Gene's personality disintegration is extreme. He engages in silly laughter, bizarre mannerisms, and obscene behaviour. What is he most likely to be diagnosed with?

A) paranoid schizophrenia
B) borderline schizophrenia
C) catatonic schizophrenia
D) disorganized schizophrenia

Question 79

What type of schizophrenia is characterized by bizarre rigid postures or grimacing, mutism, and occasional agitated and purposeless behaviour?

A) catatonic schizophrenia
B) paranoid schizophrenia
C) undifferentiated schizophrenia
D) disorganized schizophrenia

Question 80

David sits for long periods of time with his arms outstretched and rigid. After remaining in this unusual posture for a long time, he suddenly erupts into activity. Which type of schizophrenia does David most likely have?

A) disorganized schizophrenia
B) catatonic schizophrenia
C) paranoid schizophrenia
D) undifferentiated schizophrenia