Deck 10: The Social-Cognitive Viewpoint: Cognitive Processes and Personality

Question 1

_____ are mental processes that people use to help give meaning to events and experiences, as well as to help determine how we will respond to these events and experiences.

A) Cognitive traits
B) Mental representations
C) Cognitive processes
D) Mental reconstructions
E) Cognitive principles

Answer 1

Cognitive processes

Question 2

The major characteristic of the social-cognitive viewpoint is:

A) Its emphasis on our affective processes
B) The importance it placed on environment factors
C) Its emphasis on how mental processes can be used to influence our thoughts, feelings, and behavior
D) a & b
E) a & c

Answer 2

Its emphasis on how mental processes can be used to influence our thoughts, feelings, and behavior

Question 3

Although her co-workers tell her she's doing a fine job, Janet senses that she is selling less than other representatives in the office. As a result, she decides that she will have to change the way she makes her presentations to her clients. This illustrates the _____ of the social-cognitive perspective.

A) de-emphasizing of expectations characteristic
B) significance of the personal perspective
C) dispositional emphasis
D) emphasis on empiricism

Answer 3

significance of the personal perspective

Question 4

Before they start an exercise program, Jim and Joe shop for exercise equipment. Jim considers how stylish the equipment will look with his other furniture while Joe reads the safety labels and assembly instructions. From the social-cogntive perspective, Jim and Joe differ with respect to their:

A) Need for cognition
B) Concern for form over function
C) Emphasis on internal vs. external sources of influence
D) Level of cognitive complexity

Question 5

The Need for Cognition Scale (NCS) assesses:

A) Individual differences in cognitive complexity
B) The personality trait of mental mastery
C) A desire for engaging in and enjoying various cognitive activities
D) The ability to mentally manipulate multiple cognition simultaneously
E) c & d

Question 6

In a validity study of the Need for Cognition Scale (NCS), it was reported that:

A) A group of assembly line workers had a higher score than a group of faculty members
B) The NCS score was not related to experiencing test anxiety
C) Higher NCS scores were associated with open-minded thinking
D) a & b
E) b & c

Question 7

In a validity study of the Need for Cognition Scale (NCS), it was reported that individuals with high NCS scores:

A) Enjoyed performing tasks that were boring but provided a mental challenge
B) Are better able to evaluate the quality of their thinking than individuals with low scores
C) Evaluated weak arguments better than strong arguments
D) a & b
E) a, b, & c

Question 8

When trying to decide on a cell phone plan, Jamie becomes really confused and shouts to his friend, "I don't know which one to choose. They all seem to be alike, and all this fine print is making me crazy." Jamie is likely to have a _____ score.

A) low Need for Certainty
B) high Need for Complexity
C) low Need for Cognition
D) high Need for Closure

Question 9

Jack says he wants to apply to graduate school so that he can pursue a career in mental health and apply his knowledge in practical ways to help people deal with their problems. Jill says she want to apply to graduate school in theoretical physics and apply her knowledge to deal with the broad, unanswered questions about the universe. Jack most likely has a _____ score while Jill most likely has a _____ score.

A) low Need for Cognition; high Need for Cognition
B) high Need for Complexity; low Need for Complexity
C) low Need for Certainty; high Need for Certainty
D) high Low Need for Closure: low Need for Closure

Question 10

You are the director of development for a new news services that has as its target audience individuals who get their news primarily from visual media sources, such as from watching television and video clips downloaded on their cell phones, instead of the more traditional sources, such as from reading newspapers. To maximize your advertising efforts, you would try to reach individuals who have a _____ score.

A) low Need for Certainty
B) low Need for Cognition
C) high Need for Complexity
D) high Need for Closure

Question 11

There are 20 new applications from individuals who want to join the astronomy club but only two spaces available in the laboratory where the telescope is located. To help make the decision about whose applications to accept, Starsky and Pluto, co-chairs of the membership committee, decide to give a personality test to all 20 individuals. Based on their scores on the test, they have decided that the two individuals with the highest ______ scores will be the best candidates for new membership.

A) Need for Certainty
B) Need for Complexity
C) Need for Closure
D) Need for Cognition

Question 12

You are the director of community information for a local community health agency that has just received a grant to help reduce HIV transmission in young adults by raising their awareness of and engaging in safe-sex practices. To enhance your likelihood of success, you would present your safe-sex media campaign to individuals with _____ scores in the form of visual material, such as downloads of video comic strips and music videos to their cell phone containing the safe-sex information.

A) high Need for Certainty
B) moderate Need for Complexity
C) low Need for Cognition
D) high Need for Closure

Question 13

You are the director of community information for a local community health agency that has just received a grant to help reduce HIV transmission in young adults by increasing their awareness of and engagement in safe-sex practices. To enhance your likelihood of success, you would present your safe-sex media campaign to individuals with _____ scores in the form of written information, such as printed newsletters, that emphasized what their peers know about and the extent to which their peers are practicing safe sex.

A) high Need for Complexity
B) moderate Need for Clarity
C) low Need for Certainty
D) moderate Need for Closure
E) high Need for Cognition

Question 14

You have been asked to design some literature to help students in local schools become more aware of AIDS prevention. Your two target groups are the literary society at the local college and the freshman drama club at the local high school. In your design, you are most likely to increase your efforts by creating ______ ads for the _____.

A) written ads; college students
B) written ads; high school students
C) visual ads; college students
D) written; both the high school and college students
E) b & c

Question 15

Ralph's girlfriend of two months broke up with him yesterday. He thinks it was because he is too talkative on their dates. At a party this weekend, Ralph has decided that he will make an attempt to let other people he meets do more of the talking during their conversation. According to the social-cognitive viewpoint, Ralph is trying to:

A) Validate his need for cognition
B) Assess his internal control for reinforcement
C) Seek further understanding and clarification of his personal world
D) Demonstrate his ability to respond to interpersonal negative reinforcement

Question 16

Jason sees that the best test grades seem to be made by those students who also participate in the class discussions. As a result, he decides to try to improve his test grades by participating more during the class discussions. According to the social-cognitive viewpoint, Jason is:

A) Implementing a strategy based on the use of subjective probabilities
B) Calculating the fixed-ratio interval schedule of reinforcement for class participation
C) Selecting a strategy based on his high need for cognition
D) Practicing the process of social-cognitive modeling

Question 17

_____ had a strong influence on the thinking of Julian Rotter.

A) Adler
B) Jung
C) Freud
D) Sullivan
E) c & d

Question 18

Jack tries his hand at selling insurance but finds that he does not like working in an office all day long. He then tries working for a landscaping company so he can work outdoors. He finds that he does not like working outdoors doing physical labor. Finally he takes a job driving a cab, which seems to be the best of both worlds. According to Rotter, Jack is:

A) Learning from meaningful experiences
B) Experiencing a shift to an external control of reinforcement
C) Reacting to a cognitive feedback loop
D) Recreating his learning history

Question 19

Based on her experiences with her old boss, Mona feels uncomfortable making suggesting to her new boss. However, once she sees that her new boss is open to her suggestions, Mona starts to make more suggestions. According to Rotter, Mona is:

A) Formulating an individualistic social-cognitive viewpoint
B) Responding to the reciprocal nature of life experience
C) Applying the need for cognition construct to a business setting
D) Redefining her cognitive comfort zone

Question 20

Mona wants to become a district sales manager. But based on her experiences with her old boss, Mona does not make any suggestions during any of the sales meetings. Sensing that she is going to be ignored and skipped over for a promotion by her new boss, Mona enrolls in a public speaking seminar. According to Rotter, Mona is:

A) Modifying her behavior based on experience to maximize her success
B) Exercising an external locus of control
C) Substituting a personal sense of control for a latent sense of personal control
D) Demonstrating her sense of cognitive complexity

Question 21

Jackie really wants the new position being created within his department but feels like it is going to go to the owner's new son-in-law. As a result, Jackie does not apply for the job, which is given to the head of another department, and not the son-in-law. According to Rotter, Jackie based her decision on:

A) A faulty life history analysis
B) An internal control of reinforcement
C) The role of expectancies
D) A restricted range of cognitive alternatives

Question 22

As the final exam session gets closer, Jill finds that she will spend more time studying in the evening than watching television and socializing with friends. According to Rotter, her study behavior has a _____ than the other two forms of actions.

A) higher degree of cognitive complexity
B) more complex external expectancy
C) greater behavior potential
D) more complete functional value

Question 23

Elliot believes that if he works late and on the weekends, he will make partner in the law firm. Elliot's beliefs reflect what Rotter referred to as a(n):

A) Need value
B) Hypothetical belief
C) Expectancy
D) Cognitive construct

Question 24

Janet believes that being nice to the waiter at a local Greek restaurant gets her a nice table and great service on busy Friday nights. However, she believes that the same behavior has no effect on the treatment she receives at another restaurant right around the corner. This situation illustrates what Rotter referred to as _____ expectancies.

A) specific
B) generalized
C) limited-value
D) limited-domain

Question 25

Janet believes that being nice to the waiter at a local restaurant gets her a nice table and great service on busy Friday nights. This also seems to work at every other restaurant she goes to while traveling throughout the state. When visiting another part of the country, Janet decides that she will be very nice to the waiter at the restaurant she will be going to this Friday night. This situation illustrates what Rotter referred to as _____ expectancies.

A) specific
B) generalized
C) limited-value
D) limited-domain

Question 26

Alice always tries to have a joke ready when she sees her clients. However, she realizes that telling jokes seems to be effective when seeing clients after lunch but not before lunch. This illustrates the establishment of a(n) _____ expectancy from a _____ expectancy.

A) specific; generalized
B) generalized; limited value
C) unspecific; limited value
D) unspecific; limited domain

Question 27

The value of a(n) ______ expectancy is that it makes adjusting to new situations easier, as long as the same behavior is appropriate.

A) specific
B) generalized
C) limited-value
D) limited-domain
E) unspecific

Question 28

Leo really wants to make an A in his personality psychology class but doesn't really care what type of grade he makes in his history class, as long as it is not a D- or less. Leo's views about the grades represent differences in their:

A) Range of influence
B) Control of reinforcement
C) Reinforcement value
D) Affective expectancies

Question 29

Because he has received B+'s on his last three examinations, Leo really wants to make an A in his personality psychology class. However, because he has received three D's on his last three history examinations, he really doesn't care what type of grade he makes in his history class, as long as it is not a D- or less. Leo's views about the grades represent differences in their:

A) Subject value by his parents
B) Expectancy of the reinforcement value
C) Subjective assessment of the limited-domain expectancies
D) Objective evaluation of the limited-value expectancies

Question 30

Pat was caught selling drugs. Upon seeing the judge assigned to the case walk into the room, Pat began to feel very anxious because this judge is known for her harsh sentencing. According to Rotter, Pat is responding to:

A) Cognitive overload
B) Environmental conditioning
C) The psychological situation
D) Contextual conditioning

Question 31

In order to predict what a particular individual would do in a particular situation, Rotter proposed the:

A) Behavioral equation
B) Personality coefficient
C) Basic formula
D) Expectancies equation

Question 32

Joel thinks he will make a successful representative because he is good at thinking on his feet, making small talk, and remembering people's names. Joel' s belief that he has what it takes to get promoted, increase his salary, and make his parents proud is a statement about his:

A) Freedom of movement
B) Parallel perspective
C) Self-focused behavior
D) Cognitive flexibility

Question 33

Joel considers it important to have a good job, stable family life, and a good reputation in the community. According to Rotter, by valuing these conditions of worth, Joel is determining their:

A) Unconditional regard
B) Need value
C) Expectancy set point
D) Objective value
E) Subjective value

Question 34

According to Rotter, personality adjustment is associated with a(n):

A) Belief in rational alternatives
B) High degree of freedom of movement
C) Excessive degree of cognitive complexity
D) Restricted range of unlimited expectancies

Question 35

Sally is experiencing hypertension because she feels she must make a sale every time she calls on a customer. To deal with her tension, her social-learning therapist is helping her to be happy if she can make one sale for each ten customers she contacts. According to Rotter, the therapist is trying to help Sally establish a more realistic:

A) Minimal goal level
B) Standard for her external locus of control
C) Subjective cognitive structure
D) Schedule of reinforcement

Question 36

When considering where she is going to invest her money, Jane said that she would only consider those investments that offered at least eight percent return during the first year. According to Rotter, Jane is stating her _____ for investing her money.

A) subjective assessment
B) perceived external-internal ratio
C) minimal goal level
D) rate of personalistic return

Question 37

Rose really wants to return to school to get a better job. She has set a goal of taking at least six credit hours per semester in order to achieve her goal in six years. She has recently become depressed because she only has enough money to take three credit hours the next two semesters. According to Rotter, her depression is a result of:

A) A lack of freedom of movement
B) Not being able to achieve her minimal goal value
C) A lack of external control of reinforcement
D) a & b
E) b & c

Question 38

Lester is depressed because the personal ad he listed in the local newspaper did not produce any responses. Because of this, he now believes that no one will ever love him. According to Rotter, Lester's depression is a result of a(n):

A) Restrictive affective range
B) Reduced capacity for cognitive restructuring
C) Inappropriate generalizations of expectancies
D) a & b
E) a, b, & c

Question 39

A characteristic feature of Rotter's approach to psychotherapy is its:

A) Emphasis on learning principles
B) Use of the Need for Cognition Scale
C) Individualistic problem-solving approach
D) Use of role-playing techniques with principles of learning

Question 40

Dr. Jay has a client in psychotherapy for mild depression. The individual is depressed because he has been unable to tell his boss how upset he is about once again being overlooked for a promotion. Dr. Jay begins to help by role playing with him those situations in which he can ask his boss for a promotion. According to Rotter, this represents a therapeutic attempt to:

A) Increase the individuals external locus of control
B) Extend the individual's specific expectancies
C) Increase the individual's freedom of movement
D) Reduce the individual's sense of objective self-awareness

Question 41

Sally is experiencing hypertension because she feels she must make a sale every time she calls on a customer. To deal with her tension, her social-learning therapist is helping her to be happy if she can make one sale for each ten customers she contacts. According to Rotter, the therapist is trying to help Sally establish a more realistic:

A) Minimal goal level
B) Standard for her external locus of control
C) Subjective cognitive structure
D) Schedule of reinforcement

Question 42

Emma is a shy individual who feels that people who meet her for the first time will not like her. As a result, she tends to spend her time at social gatherings standing in a corner. Her therapist has asked her to join one of his group counseling sessions. She does so and, with the assistance of the therapist, is able to meet and talk with a number of individuals in the group. According to Rotter, the therapist has helped Emma to establish:

A) More realistic generalized expectancies about meeting people
B) A set of cognitive standards based on what others think of her
C) A limited relationship between her internal and external control of rewards
D) A reduction in her freedom of movement

Question 43

A personnel manager is trying to hire individuals that do not steal, cheat, or lie and who respect the rights of others. According to Rotter, the manager should hire individuals who score:

A) Low on the Intrapersonal Integrity Scale
B) High on the interpersonal Trust Scale
C) Low on the Interpersonal Trust Scale and high on the Need for Cognition Scale
D) High on the Study of Values Inventory

Question 44

Robin receives a call from an individual who informs her that she has just won $1000, but that she has to buy two one-year magazine subscriptions to be eligible to receive the money. Robin asks several questions and decides not to buy the magazine subscriptions. According to Rotter, Robin would most likely have a:

A) Low score on the Interpersonal Trust Scale
B) High score on the Intrapersonal Valuing Scale
C) Low score on the Need for Clarity Scale
D) High score on the Study of Values Inventory

Question 45

The extent to which people believe that they can influence what happens to them is measured by Rotter's:

A) Belief in a Just World Scale
B) Generalized Life Expectancy Questionnaire
C) Internal-External Control of Reinforcement Scale
D) Interpersonal Trust Scale
E) Interpersonal Equity Scale

Question 46

In comparison to externals, internals are:

A) More likely to seek information that would be of value to them later
B) Less likely to practice birth control
C) More politically active
D) a & c
E) b & c

Question 47

In comparison to externals, internals tend to:

A) Have greater academic success
B) Be better at planning and working toward long-term goals
C) Be better at establishing reachable goals for themselves
D) b & c
E) a, b, & c

Question 48

You are selling health insurance to employees at a large biofuel manufacturer. To help reduce the amount of health claims your company will have to pay out, you ask the plant's personnel manager to provide you with the employees' scores on the Locus of Control Scale (LOC). You would be best advised to sell policies to those employees who have a(n) _______ LOC.

A) external
B) reactive
C) intensified
D) internal
E) valid

Question 49

As the director of the counseling services for the local school district, you are trying to decide where you should assign the two new counselors to help reduce the number of suicides in the school district. To help make your decision, you ask the senior counselor at each high school to provide you with the scores on the Locus of Control Scale (LOC) for all of the students at their respective schools. You would be best advised to assign the new counselors to the two high schools where the students have the highest average _______ LOC scores.

A) external
B) reactive
C) intensified
D) internal
E) valid

Question 50

As a personnel manager consultant, you have been asked to develop a worker-incentive program. To maximize the likelihood of success, you would most likely select individual with a(n) _____ to participate in your program.

A) high score on the Interpersonal Trust Scale
B) high score on the Need for Cognition Scale
C) low score on the Interpersonal Trust Scale
D) internal score on the Locus of Control Scale
E) external score on the Locus of Control Scale

Question 51

As a loan officer at a bank, you are asked to process loans to small business owners. To increase the likelihood of the loans being paid off, you would most likely lend money to individuals with a(n):

A) High score on the Interpersonal Trust Scale
B) High score on the Need for Cognition Scale
C) Low score on the Interpersonal Trust Scale
D) Internal score on the Locus of Control Scale
E) External score on the Locus of Control Scale

Question 52

You are a marriage and family therapist who works with couples whose marriages are in trouble. You would most likely provide anger control therapy for:

A) Internal husbands
B) Internal wives
C) External husbands
D) External wives

Question 53

You are a marriage and family therapist who works with couples whose marriages are in trouble. You would most likely provide sensitivity training and couple's communication training only to:

A) External spouses
B) Internal spouses
C) Internal husbands
D) External wives

Question 54

In your experience as a marriage and family therapist, you have discovered that _____ tend to employ problem-solving methods for dealing with marital stress.

A) internal spouses
B) external spouses
C) internal husbands and external wives
D) internal wives and external husbands

Question 55

It was reported that martial dissatisfaction is lowest for couples when:

A) The husband is more external than the wife
B) The wife is more internal than the husband
C) There is little difference in the locus of control score for the husband and wife
D) There is considerable difference in the locus of control between the husband and the wife
E) a & b

Question 56

In a national probability sample of women who get divorced, it was noted that within the first five-year period, they became:

A) More internal in their locus of control shortly after the divorce
B) More external in their locus of control shortly after the divorce
C) Similar in their external locus of control to women who remained married
D) Similar in their internal score to women who remained married

Question 57

In a national probability sample of women who get divorced, it was noted that within the second five-year period, they became:

A) More internal in their locus of control shortly after the divorce
B) More external in their locus of control shortly after the divorce
C) Similar in their external locus of control to women who remained married
D) Similar in their internal score to women who remained married

Question 58

Jack and Jill's marriage seems to be going downhill. Jack has spent a lot of time agonizing about their decision to get a divorce. It is most likely that

A) Jack will experience less post-divorce stress than Jill
B) Jack will experience more post-divorce stress than Jill
C) Jack has a more internal locus of control than Jill
D) a & c
E) b & c

Question 59

In response to the significant shift of Hong Kong going from a territory of the British to a Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China, it was reported that those individuals who had a ______ Locus of Control Score tended to perceive this shift as a significant threat.

A) high ethnic-identity
B) high external
C) low threshold-for-change
D) high internal
E) high nationalistic-internality

Question 60

A characteristic strength of Rotter's social-cognitive viewpoint is its:

A) Inclusion of cognitive factors in the study of personality
B) Reformulation of the role to personality traits
C) Use of cognitive factors to understand personality, not just predict behavior
D) a & c
E) b & c

Question 61

A characteristic limitation of Rotter's social-cognitive viewpoint is it places:

A) Too much emphasis on subjective perception at the expense of situational variables
B) Too much emphasis on cognitive variables at the expense of emotional reactions
C) Too much emphasis on the prediction of behavior and too little emphasis on trying to understand personality
D) a & b
E) a, b, & c

Question 62

Albert is considering asking his boss for a raise. He looks at his boss' facial expression when she comes into the office and the monthly sales figures for his boss' department. Albert decides not to ask for a raise because his boss is frowning and the sales figures are well below average. According to Bandura, Albert is processing this information through his:

A) Cognitive network
B) Self system
C) System of mental reconstruction
D) Cognitive map

Question 63

Albert is considering asking his boss for a raise. He looks at his boss' facial expression when she comes into the office and the monthly sales figures for his boss' department. Albert decides not to ask for a raise because his boss is frowning and the sales figures are well below average. At a noon meeting, the boss makes a few jokes and announces that Jeff, a co-worker of Albert's, will be getting a raise. Albert also hears that based on his boss' behavior at the meeting, two other coworkers are going to ask for a raise. Albert now decides to ask for a raise. According to Bandura, Albert decision is based on the process of:

A) Community collaboration
B) Parallel cognition
C) Cognitive communalism
D) Triadic reciprocal causation

Question 64

Albert is considering asking his boss for a raise, but is not sure how he should approach the subject. He notices that his co-workers always take in recent examples of their work, comment on how well the company is doing, and tell a few jokes before they ask the boss for a raise. According to Bandura, Albert is acquiring the complex pattern of behavior through the process of:

A) Observational determinism
B) Reciprocal mastery
C) Observational learning
D) Trial-and-observational learning
E) Informational investigation

Question 65

After watching enough detective dramas on television and reading many crime novels, Alice knows how to scam people over the phone but would never consider doing it. This illustrates Bandura's distinction between:

A) Cognitive and behavioral factors in learning
B) Environmental and behavioral factors
C) Learning and observation
D) Learning and performance
E) Performance and cognition

Question 66

Ron sees on television that those who behave aggressively seem to get what they want. As a result, he slapped a playmate on the playground because he would not give him the soccer ball. This illustrates Bandua's emphasis on the role of:

A) Vicarious reinforcement
B) Secondary reinforcement
C) Preplanned cognition
D) Visual rehearsal

Question 67

Mr. Fields is trying to teach the students in his third grade class how to protect themselves if their clothes were to catch on fire. He demonstrates the "stop-drop-and-roll technique several times. He then asks them to perform the technique to see if they have learned it. None of the students can do it. According to Bandura, in order for Mr. Fields to teach them the technique, he must first:

A) Determine their degree of retention
B) Provide direct reinforcement before they perform the action
C) Get their attention
D) Demonstrate the action in reverse

Question 68

According to Bandura, the retention of the observable actions of others can be retained to a greater degree if the individual is asked to:

A) Describe verbally what they are observing
B) Create a mental image of the action
C) See a still photograph of the action
D) a & b
E) a, b, & c

Question 69

Lisa's dad explains to her how to cast a fishing line while he casts his own line. When Lisa tries to cast her line for the first time, she verbalizes out loud what she is supposed to do while she tries it. According to Bandura, Lisa is engaging in the process of:

A) Lateral learning
B) Motor reproduction
C) Mental speech
D) Latent learning

Question 70

According to Bandura, a critical element in going from learning a behavior to actually performing it is the:

A) Level of motivation
B) Distinction between implicit and explicit reinforcement
C) Degree of rehearsal
D) Strength of an alternative response

Question 71

Based on the research of Bandura and others, those children who play video games in which they receive points for "maiming and killing" their opponents can be expected to ____ when playing with others.

A) display passive behavior
B) display empathic behavior
C) engage in parallel play
D) engage in aggressive play

Question 72

The relationship between viewing violent television and films and increased aggressive behavior has also been found for other forms of the media, such as:

A) Viewing violence in news programs
B) Listening to violent lyrics in songs
C) Playing violent video games
D) a & b
E) a, b, & c

Question 73

To help explain the relationship between exposure to violent media and increased aggressive behavior, it has been suggested that continued exposure to violent media leads to the creation of a knowledge base regarding aggression that increases the likelihood of aggressive and violent behavior that includes:

A) The acquisition of the information about how to behave aggressively, such as learning how to strike someone in the face to inflict the most damage
B) The development of certain expectations regarding aggressive behaviors, such as the belief that you are likely to get what you want by behaving aggressively
C) The creation of certain norms regarding aggressive and violent behavior, such as it is acceptable to act aggressively against someone as long as you are at a greater economic disadvantage than that person
D) a & b
E) a, b, & c

Question 74

Compared to couples who were not exposed to erotic films, couples exposed to erotic films tend to:

A) Increase their regular pattern of sexual behavior
B) Display a short-lived (e.g., 24 hours) increase in their regular pattern of sexual behavior
C) Displayed a short-lived (e.g., 36 hours) decrease in their regular pattern of sexual behavior
D) Incorporate novel sexual practices into their regular pattern of sexual behavior

Question 75

There is evidence to suggest that after prolonged exposure to pornography involving violence against woman, both male and female viewers:

A) Developed more callous attitudes towards the victims
B) Perceived violent crimes against woman as being less serious
C) Expressed more agreement with rape myths
D) b & c
E) a, b, & c

Question 76

Joan asks her boss to let her make a critical presentation at a sales meeting because she has been practicing the presentation for over a week. According to Bandura, Joan is demonstrating:

A) Self-realization
B) Extended expectancies
C) Self-efficacy
D) An external locus of control

Question 77

Joan asks her boss to let her make a critical presentation at a sales meeting because she has been practicing the presentation for over a week. Joan also believes that a successful presentation will result in a promotion within the department. According to Bandura, Joan is demonstrating _____ about her performance.

A) outcome expectancies
B) subjective cognitions
C) external valuing
D) self-referencing

Question 78

Ester really wants to be a member of a certain honor society on campus but feels that she is not popular enough to get in, which will hurt her chances of getting a job in a prestigious law firm after graduation. Such prospects make her feel very anxious but cause her to study even harder. According to Bandura, this scenario illustrates the impact of _____ on thoughts, feelings, and behavior.

A) self-efficacy and an external locus of control
B) an internal locus of control and subjective valuing
C) the process of external valuing
D) self-efficacy and outcome expectancies
E) situational conditions on subjective expectations

Question 79

According to Bandua, self-efficacy is influenced by:

A) What other people tell you about your abilities
B) Feedback you have received by performing certain behaviors in the past
C) Your level of emotional arousal
D) a & c
E) a, b, & c

Question 80

Shy Steve sees that others at the party seem to be having a good time because they are discussing subjects about which they seem to have some expertise. As a result, Steve starts talking about his passion for gardening to a group of people standing near the buffet. According to Bandura, this illustrates the impact of _____ on self-efficacy.

A) emotional expectations
B) verbal persuasion
C) vicarious experience
D) performance reevaluation