Deck 5: The Viewpoints of Horney, Erikson, and Fromm: The Neo-Freudians

Question 1

A characteristic feature of the neo-Freudians was their:

A) Increased emphasis on the unconscious forces of personality
B) Increased emphasis on the interpersonal nature of personality
C) Decreased emphasis on the conscious operation of personality
D) Rejection of stages of personality development

Answer 1

Increased emphasis on the interpersonal nature of personality

Question 2

According to Horney, individuals are motivated to:

A) Resolve unconscious issues
B) Discover areas of social interest
C) Integrate the creative self
D) Establish a sense of security
E) b & c

Answer 2

Establish a sense of security

Question 3

Horney assumed that:

A) Men and women were motivated by the same security needs
B) Cultural factors were an important influence in personality development
C) Freud's idea of penis envy was correct to include women
D) a & b
E) a, b. & c

Answer 3

a & b

Question 4

Baby Jake's parents both work and are not able to provide him with a consistent dinner time and sleeping schedule. According to Horney, Jake is likely to develop _____ towards his parents.

A) psychic hatred
B) social hostility
C) basic hostility
D) reactive rage
E) alienation anxiety

Question 5

Karen was emotionally abused as a child, teased by her school mates, and exploited by her coworkers. Karen does not date anyone more that twice because she does not want to become attached to someone only to have her feelings destroyed again. According to Horney, Karen is experiencing:

A) Basic anxiety
B) Emotional derailment
C) Interpersonal regression
D) Emotional isolationism

Question 6

Ray has such a strong desire to overcome his life of poverty that he works himself into a state of exhaustion and becomes depressed when he gets any grade lower than a B+ in class. Ray's behavior is starting to affect his physical and mental well-being. Ray's actions demonstrate what Horney called:

A) Self-destructive discourse
B) A neurotic trend
C) Insecure aggressiveness
D) Social security maintenance

Question 7

_____ is the neurotic tendency to seek and maintain affection through involvement in exploitative and manipulative relationships.

A) Insecurity inactivity
B) Passive-aggressiveness
C) Irrational emotional embracing
D) Morbid dependency
E) Remorse recovery

Question 8

Phillip's grades are suffering because instead of studying for school, he spends his time drinking with his alcoholic father in the hopes of finally gaining his affection. Phillip is demonstrating a neurotic trend with his father described as:

A) Reactive regressive
B) Morbid dependency
C) Paternal pathology
D) Collateral cooperation

Question 9

Although her own father was an alcoholic, Pat is in love with Rea, who is also an alcoholic. Pat has lost money, endured public humiliation, and emotional abuse as a result Rea's alcoholism. Pat's continued relationship with Rea can be described as an example of:

A) Unconditional love
B) Alcoholic embrace
C) Codependency
D) Emotional retardation

Question 10

Joey's coworkers laugh at and tease him about his stuttering, but he still does them favors because he is so lonely that this is the only form of social attention he receives. Joey is demonstrating what Horney called:

A) Moving toward people
B) Moving against people
C) Moving away from people
D) Moving with people

Question 11

Jane feels that she must be very assertive with any new people she meets at work because she is so insecure about others taking over her job. Jane's actions demonstrate what Horney called:

A) Moving toward people
B) Moving against people
C) Moving away from people
D) Moving with people

Question 12

To avoid having her heart broken again, Sharon throws herself into her work so that she will never be financially and emotionally dependent on anyone again. Sharon's actions represent what Horney called:

A) Moving toward people
B) Moving against people
C) Moving away from people
D) Moving without people

Question 13

A characteristic feature of the healthy use of neurotic trends is:

A) All three different trends are used by the individual to some degree
B) An individual selects one strategy to use exclusively
C) Their operation at the unconscious levels prevents conscious anxiety
D) Their use in emotionally abusive relationships
E) The courage they give adult children of alcoholics

Question 14

A characteristic feature of the unhealthy use of neurotic trends is:

A) All three different trends are used by the individual to some degree
B) An individual selects one strategy to use exclusively
C) Their operation at the unconscious levels prevents conscious anxiety
D) Their use in emotionally abusive relationships
E) The courage they give adult children of alcoholics

Question 15

The reactions by Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris that involved threatening and harming others, as well as engaging in vandalism and burglary, illustrated which of Horney's three interpersonal coping styles?

A) Moving in reaction to people
B) Moving away from people
C) Moving against people
D) Moving in protest to people
E) Moving without people

Question 16

As part of a dating service application form, Kent is asked to list his likes, dislikes, interests, strengths, weaknesses, and other unique qualities. According to Horney, Kent is being asked to describe his _____ self.

A) authentic
B) lucid
C) real
D) public
E) personalistic

Question 17

While reading the local sports page, Brook sees that a woman she went to high school with has just won the over-40 city mini-marathon. After reading this article, Brook promises herself that she is going to try to be more athletic. Brook's reactions represent an expression of her _____ self.

A) internal
B) physical
C) dormant
D) idealized
E) explicit

Question 18

In a study of the coping strategies of diabetics, it was found that the strategy used by the self-effacement group was similar to what Horney calls:

A) Moving away from people
B) Moving against people
C) Moving with people
D) Moving toward people
E) Moving beside people

Question 19

In a study of coping strategies of diabetics, those diabetics that demonstrated a tendency to "move against people" were classified into the _____ group.

A) need for mastery
B) resignation
C) proactive
D) need for independence
E) external locus of control

Question 20

Those diabetics in the ____ group tended to be overly regimented in their treatment program, restrict their social interactions, and develop a sense of "perfectionism."

A) need for separation
B) resignation
C) socially isolated
D) withdrawn
E) emotionally distant

Question 21

According to Horney, personality adjustment is a function of the:

A) Overlap between the real and idealized self
B) Degree of relatedness of the public and private self
C) Rotation of the explicit and implicit self
D) Mediation of the objective and subjective sense of self

Question 22

Jake is becoming depressed because he feels that his work performance is not as good as he feels it could be. According Horney, Jake is experiencing:

A) A separation of his implicit and explicit self
B) Intrapsychic disconnectedness
C) The tyranny of the should
D) Discordant self-perception

Question 23

Horney's approach to psychotherapy is referred to as:

A) Trend analysis
B) Reconstructive self-awareness
C) Self-analysis
D) Regression analysis

Question 24

Andrew is asked by his therapist to think about why he is so unhappy at his job and what he would rather be doing for a living. After thinking about this for a few moments, Andrew is asked to express his thoughts out loud without any regard to what he believes he should say. According to Horney, this represents the _____ stage of psychotherapy.

A) emotional discharge
B) achieving of emotional expression
C) cognitive-release
D) self-reflection

Question 25

Andrew is asked to examine the reasons he stated for staying in a job that he really does not like. Andrew and his analyst begin to explore the reasons why he stays and the neurotic needs his job fulfills. According to Horney, this part of analysis is called the _____ stage.

A) neurotic trend appraisal
B) neurotic needs appraisal
C) learning from freedom of expression
D) expression exploration

Question 26

According to Horney, the final stage in the process of psychotherapy is to:

A) Develop more realistic perceptions of the self
B) Bring the real self and ideal self closer together
C) Develop more realistic and beneficial alternatives for interacting with others
D) b & c
E) a, b, & c

Question 27

Joan has decided that she will major in social work because of her desire to help underprivileged children. She is most likely to have a high score on the _____ subscale of the CAD.

A) responsibility
B) directiveness
C) compliant
D) sociability

Question 28

Alice gets excellent grades in her chemistry and physics courses. Because of her outstanding achievement in these and her other science courses, Alice probably has a high score on the _____ subscale of the CAD.

A) objective reasoning
B) detached
C) analytical
D) rational reasoning

Question 29

Walter spends extra money to buy all of the brand-name products for his hair, skin, and teeth. Walter is most likely to have a high score on the _____ subscale of the CAD.

A) sociability
B) directiveness
C) compliant
D) interpersonal
E) responsibility

Question 30

As a marketing manager for a new men's shaving cream called "Male," Ruth has designed an ad campaign that emphasizes its very strong aroma that is guaranteed to capture the attention of others. It is most likely that individuals who score high on the _____ subscale of the CAD will purchases this product.

A) masculine
B) extraversion
C) dominant
D) aggressive

Question 31

In their marketing research, Joe and Lee found that there was a group of individuals that really didn't care what brand of toothpaste they used because they were only interested in how clean it made their teeth, not how popular it would make them with their co-workers. Such individuals are likely to have a high score on the _____ subscale of the CAD.

A) introversion
B) detached
C) withdrawn
D) isolated
E) passive

Question 32

In Horney's reinterpretation of the phallic stage, she stated that the dynamics involved:

A) Feelings of basic anxiety and hostility toward the opposite-sex parent
B) Threats to the child's sense of social security and safety
C) Repressed sexual desires appearing as neurotic tendencies
D) a & b
E) a & c

Question 33

According to Horney, penis envy was a result of:

A) Cultural differences in the power given to men and women
B) The desire of women to have the same equality granted to men
C) Freud's interpretation based on his neurotic female patients
D) a & c
E) a, b, & c

Question 34

Jason has made it his objective to avoid hiring women in his sales department by asking them questions during interviews that are a lot tougher than those asked of men. According to Horney, Jason is exhibiting a negative expression of:

A) Womb reversal
B) Womb reactivity
C) Womb envy
D) Womb purging
E) Womb wanting

Question 35

A characteristic strength of Horney's viewpoint is:

A) Its emphasis on the role of culture in the expression of personality
B) Her unique perspective on the female personality
C) The equality she gave to the social security needs of men and women
D) b & c
E) a, b, & c

Question 36

A characteristic limitation of Horney's viewpoint is:

A) That it has not generated much empirical research
B) It does not fit well with current thinking on the influence of culture on personality
C) Her views on feminine psychology have proven to be outdated
D) a & c
E) a, b, & c

Question 37

As a personality theorist, Erik Erikson is unique in that he:

A) Never graduated from college
B) Went into analysis after becoming a psychiatrist
C) Analyzed Anna Freud, Sigmund Freud's daughter
D) Served as Freud's personal secretary while training to become an analyst

Question 38

Erikson views the ego as:

A) The core of personality
B) The source of psychosocial sexual energy
C) Serving to influence creative thinking and logical reasoning
D) a & b
E) a & c

Question 39

Little David's emerging sense of self is being shaped by his ability to resolve conflicts with his soccer league teammates and cooperate with his daycare teacher. Such a view reflects the _____ of Erikson's viewpoint of personality.

A) biosocial development
B) psychosocial development
C) sociosexual progression
D) psychoaffective formulation
E) cognitive-affective assumption

Question 40

Erikson believes that ego development is:

A) An expression of social insecurity
B) A process that continues throughout the life span
C) Relatively complete by the end of adolescence but can be modified with experience during adulthood
D) Begins basically as an unconscious process but becomes more conscious during adolescence
E) b, c, & d

Question 41

The trust Lester acquired from his close friends being supportive of him in high school is the basis of the sense of self-confidence he has about being able to select a college out of state to pursue his career goal of becoming an astronaut. This example represents the _____ principle of Erikson's viewpoint of personality.

A) epicurean
B) eponymous
C) epithelial
D) epigenetic
E) egotherial

Question 42

Because he assumed that personality development requires resolving a series of crises involving interpersonal relationships, Erikson refers to them as:

A) Psychosocial crises
B) Stages of social transition
C) Periods of interpersonal development
D) Intervals of interpersonal advancement

Question 43

The sources of ego strength an individual acquires while successfully progressing through Erikson's sequence of personality development are referred to as:

A) Ego elements
B) Social reinforcers
C) Basic virtues
D) Egogenic energies

Question 44

The meeting of a child's needs during the first year of life by providing a safe, secure, and consistent environment will help the child meet the crisis of:

A) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
B) Stress vs. Distress
C) Trust vs. Mistrust
D) Intimacy vs. Isolation

Question 45

The belief that one's basic needs will be meet during the first year of life helps to establish the basic virtue of:

A) Hope
B) Security
C) Social interest
D) Will
E) Love

Question 46

Little two-year old Debbie likes to dress herself and pour her cereal and milk into her favorite red plastic bowl each morning at breakfast. Being able to do such things for herself helps her develop a sense of independence and control over her environment. According to Erikson, this is the psychosocial stage of:

A) Industry vs. Inferiority
B) External vs. Internal Control
C) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
D) Helpfulness vs. Hopelessness

Question 47

Otto does not have confidence in his decision to select a college major because as a child, his parents made all of his decisions for him and made him feel anxious each time he demonstrated any form of independence. According to Erikson, Otto seems to lack the basic virtue of:

A) Esteem
B) Foresight
C) Courage
D) Will

Question 48

In an attempt to imitate their favorite sports heroes, a group of neighbor kids decides to clear a space in a vacant lot, make a baseball field, and organize a baseball league. Such planning and organization is characteristic of the _____ stage.

A) trust vs. mistrust
B) initiative vs. guilt
C) incentive vs. intrinsic
D) organizational vs. individualistic

Question 49

Being able to set your academic and career goals in a clear manner indicates that you have developed the basic virtue of:

A) Purpose
B) Decisiveness
C) Esteem
D) Hope

Question 50

As part of his tribal heritage, Leo, also known in his tribe as "Big Bear," is taught how to set an animal trap by his father and pick herbs by his mother. Erikson believes that skills valued by one's society are taught during the _____ crisis.

A) generativity vs. stagnation
B) industry vs. inferiority
C) individualism vs. collectivism
D) initiative vs. agrarian
E) wisdom vs. doubt

Question 51

Knowing that you are learning the necessary skills help you find a job after college means that you are acquiring the basic virtue of:

A) Mastery
B) Intrinsic motivation
C) Materialism
D) Monasticism
E) Competency

Question 52

In order to overcome her feelings of loneliness and increase her sense of belonging to the university, Alice attends the orientation of several clubs on campus and decides to join the psychology club and professional business women's union. Alice's actions reflect her attempt to resolve the crisis of:

A) Individualism vs. Collectivism
B) Public vs. Private identity
C) Ego identity vs. Role confusion
D) Belonging vs. Isolation

Question 53

Lisa has tried college, the military, travel, and an assortment of alternative lifestyles and self-help groups in an attempt to find her "true self." But none of this seems to work. As a result she has had a number of dead-end jobs and career disappointments. According to Erikson, Lisa is experiencing a(n):

A) Loss of face
B) Persona displacement
C) Identity disenfranchisement
D) Personality disorganization
E) Identity crisis

Question 54

Instead of bowing to the pressure of his relatives to go into the family's printing business, Jake marries a woman he met at a bar two days ago, gets his nose pierced, and becomes a male stripper out of anger and revenge toward his family and relatives. According to Erikson, Jake has established a:

A) Negative identity
B) Reactive identity
C) Rebellious identity
D) False persona

Question 55

After struggling for six years at college, Jerry finally realizes that what he wants to do is go into rural nursing and work in an underdeveloped country. With this sense of career direction and professional identity, Jerry has acquired what Erikson calls the virtue of:

A) Sensate focus
B) Commitment
C) Fidelity
D) Will
E) Decisiveness

Question 56

Jane and Jack have been dating for two years and really seem to like each other. However, they avoid the discussion of their relationship progressing any further because they both feel that with all of their career plans, they are not ready to give up their personal commitments and make the sacrifices it would take to be married couple. According to Erikson, Jane and Jack are at the crisis of:

A) Blending vs. Dividing
B) Belonging vs. Detachment
C) Mating vs. Separating
D) Intimacy vs. Isolation

Question 57

Because she was emotionally abused as a child, Karen is afraid to develop a romantic relationship with any of the last five individuals she has dated. According to Erikson, Karen has not acquired the virtue of:

A) Affection
B) Love
C) Commitment
D) Belonging

Question 58

After work, Todd coaches his son's football team two days a week, serves on the youth council at church, and participates in his law firm's mentor program for underprivileged kids. According to Erikson, Todd's actions best represent someone during the _____ crisis.

A) generativity vs. stagnation
B) sharing vs. despairing
C) helpfulness vs. hopelessness
D) community vs. selfishness

Question 59

Although they have no children of their own, Terri and Jim are very active in their church's youth ministry and teen outreach religious education program. Terri and Jim seem to possess the virtue Erikson calls:

A) Altruism
B) Socialism
C) Maternalism
D) Care
E) Concern

Question 60

Although she is dying of a rare bone disease, Marcia continues to recount how happy she has been and all of the wonderful experiences she has had while living a complete and full life. Her courage in the face of death is a critical component in the _____ crisis.

A) ego longevity vs. disappearance
B) ego integrity vs. despair
C) ego acceptance vs. rejection
D) ego fulfillment vs. disappointment

Question 61

Although she is dying of a rare bone disease, Marcia continues to recount how happy she has been and all of the wonderful experiences she has had while living a complete and full life. Her courage in the face of death serves to inspire others to appreciate their own lives more. Marcia is demonstrating the virtue of:

A) Thanatos
B) Reincarnation
C) Wisdom
D) Ageism

Question 62

Highs scores on the Loyola Generativity Scales were:

A) Positively correlated with activities that involved generative behaviors, such as passing knowledge and skills to others.
B) Related to trying to maintain family traditions
C) Positively correlated with life satisfaction
D) a & c
E) a, b, & c

Question 63

If you know Dan has scored high on the Loyola Generativity Scale, it is a good bet that he:

A) Engages in volunteer activities on a regular basis
B) Is involved in his local community through political activities
C) Shows compassion towards animals
D) a & b
E) a, b, & c

Question 64

To help her discuss her feelings about her parent's divorce, 5-year-old Francis is asked by her therapists to make up a story using two hand puppets--one to represent the mommy in the story and the other to represent the daddy. The therapist is engaging Francis in what Erikson called:

A) Puppet therapy
B) Pretend therapy
C) Drama therapy
D) Play therapy

Question 65

Roberta is doing her dissertation on Mother Theresa. She will concentrate on how Mother Theresa's willingness to live among the poorest of the poor and sickest of the sick in Calcutta served to inspire people all over the world to help those less fortunate than themselves as an expression of generativity. Roberta's study of Mother Theresa is an example of a _____ analysis.

A) correlation
B) psychobiographical
C) psychosocial
D) sociological
E) psychotheological

Question 66

In an investigation using a personality scale to measure Erikson's psychosocial stages of personality development, it was reported that:

A) Only five of Erikson's eight stages were validated
B) Scores on the intimacy subscale were higher for young adults than middle-aged adults
C) Scores on the generativity subscale were higher for young adults than middle-aged adults
D) a & b
E) a & c

Question 67

A characteristic strength of Erikson's viewpoint is:

A) His extension of personality development across the life span
B) The manner in which he combined psychological, social, and historical factors to understand personality
C) The support he provided for Freud's views on the role of the ego
D) a & b
E) b & c

Question 68

A characteristic weakness of Erikson's viewpoint is that:

A) He overstated the role of the ego
B) His ideas were just a revision of Freud's ideas presented in a more acceptable manner
C) His idea of personality development and adjustment reflected conforming to society, not expressions of individuality
D) a & c
E) b & c

Question 69

Based on Terror Management Theory, after the massive flood destroyed much of the downtown and most of the neighborhoods, the folks of Centerville would most likely:

A) Make more of an effort to go to church
B) Make more of an effort to attend local community events
C) blame those workers from other countries who they feel did a lousy job of constructing the flood walls and drainage system
D) b & c
E) a, b, & c

Question 70

Chris gets a promotion that requires that he leave his position of head of merchandising for a local department store to being one of twenty assistants for the company's director of merchandising. According to Fromm, Chris is likely to experience:

A) Feelings of anxiety and alienation
B) Regression of the independent self
C) Fixation of the stationary sense of self
D) Separation of the stationary self from the interpersonal self

Question 71

Holly is always seeking the advice of her friends and co-workers about how she should dress, what movies to see, and whether or not to look for a new job. She engages in such a behavior pattern because she needs to have the friendship and support of others and is willing to do what they say to get it. Fromm would describe Holly as a _____ character type.

A) receptive
B) belonging
C) hoarding
D) emotional

Question 72

Stu looks for people who sit by themselves in class and while eating lunch to ask out on dates. His reasoning is that such individuals are probably lonely and very likely to not only go out with him but pay for dinner and lend him money in the near future if he just acts like he is romantically interested in them. Fromm would describe Stu as a(n) _____ character type.

A) deceptive
B) motivated
C) exploitative
D) immoral
E) merciless

Question 73

Because she has spent all of her time trying to build up her business, Rita does not have any close friends. When talking about her emotional needs she says, "I don't need friends because I have lots of money that can buy the things I need to fulfill my emotional needs, like clothes, jewelry, and works of art." Fromm would describe Rita as a _____ character type.

A) material
B) possession
C) collecting
D) hoarding

Question 74

Pat will only go out with people who have the "right" job, come from the "right"Family, and wear the "right"Clothes. Such calculations are done to make sure they are able to make Pat look good in public and provide only the best life has to offer. According to Fromm, Pat would be described as a(n) _____ character type.

A) marketing
B) status-seeking
C) exchange
D) monetary
E) financial

Question 75

Eddie deals with his fears of being alone by volunteering at the youth center and a nursing home. According to Fromm, Eddie would be described as a(n) _____ character type.

A) social
B) giving
C) productive
D) compassionate
E) balanced

Question 76

In evaluating the characteristic strengths and limitations of Fromm's viewpoint, it was noted that:

A) He elaborated on the significance of interpersonal relationships in the development and operation of personality
B) His viewpoint failed to generate much empirical support for his ideas
C) He provided important insights into how people tried to meet their interpersonal needs during times of uncertainty
D) a & c
E) a, b, & c