Deck 4: The Viewpoints of Jung and Adler: Early Reactions to Freud

Question 1

Jung disagreed with Freud on the nature of psychic energy. Jung believed psychic energy:

A) Was a specific source of sexual energy, or libido
B) Was a more generalized source of life energy
C) Served to motivate the individual intellectually, spiritually, and creatively
D) a & c
E) b & c

Answer 1

b & c

Question 2

Jung's views included a belief that the unconscious mind was:

A) Developed over generations
B) Similar in depth to Freud's view of the transconscious
C) Shared by all people from all times
D) a & c
E) b & c

Answer 2

a & c

Question 3

Jane's desire to be a great actress is influenced by her parents taking her to movies as a child and her hopes of achieving fame all over the world. Jane's desire represents a _____ perspective.

A) Biosocial
B) Teleological
C) Retrospective
D) b & c
E) a, b, & c

Answer 3

b & c

Question 4

Mark is sitting in class listening to and thinking about the information presented by his professor's lecture but is distracted by a noise coming from the street below. Mark's thoughts are controlled by his:

A) Preconscious
B) Conscious ego
C) Unconscious imago
D) Bilateral psychic energy
E) Retroactive consciousness

Question 5

According to Jung, the region of the mind where information not being used at the time and repressed memories too threatening to think about are stored is called the _____ region of the mind.

A) Preconscious
B) Personal preconscious
C) Personal unconscious
D) Private preconscious

Question 6

John's desire to regain the control in his life he lost after his accident and back surgery by becoming a world-famous surgeon influences the books he reads, the classes he takes at college, and where he devotes his charitable contributions. John's actions are centered around what Jung would call a(n):

A) Complex
B) Archetype
C) Transpersonal ideology
D) Preconscious fixation

Question 7

Joan spent the afternoon trying to remember all that she was told at a lecture yesterday on how to get into medical school and fulfill her dream of becoming a doctor. Her actions reflect the _____ function of her personal unconscious.

A) Subjective
B) Objective
C) Prospective
D) Prescribed

Question 8

As a very shy individual, John dreams of some day becoming a famous stage actor. John's dreams reflect the _____ function of his personal unconscious.

A) Projective
B) Compensatory
C) Regulatory
D) Mediating

Question 9

An anthropologist is looking at the social behavior of jungle tribes on South Pacific islands over many centuries. He finds evidence that there is a tendency for groups of individuals from some islands to prefer democratic governments while others prefer dictatorial styles of tribal rule. The tendency of these tribes to seek a form of organization illustrates the shared wisdom of the ages stored in:

A) Preconscious complexes
B) The collective unconscious
C) Transpersonal mental blocks
D) Eclectic preconscious ego structures

Question 10

A cultural anthropologist states that the tendency for individuals to build monumental structures pointing to the heavens, from earth mounds to modern skyscrapers, is an example of each generation's tendency to pay their respects to powers beyond their control that reside in the cosmos. According to this anthropologist, these various monumental structures are examples of:

A) Psychosocial fixations
B) Complexes
C) Constructs
D) Archetypes

Question 11

Although she is in the middle of a messy divorce, Janis still presents a very calm and caring manner while dealing with customer complaints as the director of customer services for a large department store. Janis' behavior while at work is an expression of her:

A) Shadow
B) Persona
C) Archetype.
D) Transpersonal identity

Question 12

As a professional football player, Bruce "the Bone Crusher" Carter spends seven months a year training for the three-month football season. When not training for and playing football, Bruce spends his time taking care of his three children and volunteering at the community center as a "big brother."
Bruce's behavior at home and the community center illustrates the expression of his:

A) Animus
B) Aramus
C) Andromus
D) Anima
E) Neutrogina

Question 13

Jackie is taking a walk with her two young children when she is confronted by a mugger and told to "give up all of her cash." Jackie drops her purse to distract the mugger and than pokes him in the eye with her keys and kicks him in the shin. Jackie's behavior with the mugger illustrates the expression of her:

A) Anima
B) Armoni
C) Animus
D) Aromus

Question 14

The senseless killing of innocent victims by terrorists illustrates the expression of the:

A) Animus
B) Shadow
C) Transgressional self
D) Depersonalized self

Question 15

After spending the week in group meetings working on a marketing proposal, Pat and Bo spend their weekend just watching television and reading magazines. This balancing out of Pat and Bo's public behavior with their private lives is the task of what Jung referred to as the:

A) Soul
B) Imploding ritual
C) Self
D) Preconscious filter

Question 16

Finding examples of the symbolic representation of figures appearing in the forms of "heroes" throughout history and across a variety of cultures can be viewed as proving support of the Jungian concept of:

A) Striving for superiority
B) Early recollections
C) Social facilitation
D) Archetypes
E) Socialized interest

Question 17

As the director of sanitation for her city, Alice is constantly thinking about how to keep things clean. While on vacation, she tosses her dirty take-out cartons on the floor of the motel room for the housekeeping staff to clean up. Alice's behavior while on vacation illustrates the principle of:

A) Psychic contradiction
B) Opposites
C) Reversibility
D) Psychic recovery

Question 18

Ralph has not spent much professional time working on his grant proposal to establish an AIDS information clinic at the university because has been very busy coaching his daughter's softball team. The shift in Ralph's efforts from his professional sense of self to his sense of self as a father is an example of the principle of:

A) Equivalence
B) Entrophy
C) Imbalance
D) Psychic separation

Question 19

Ralph has not spent much professional time working on his grant proposal to establish an AIDS information clinic at the university because has been very busy coaching his daughter's softball team. After the softball season is over, Ralph spends two nights a week and every Saturday for the next six months working on the grant proposal. The shift in Ralph's efforts back from his sense of self as a father to his professional sense of self is an example of the principle of:

A) Psychic recovery
B) Psychic rebounding
C) Entrophy
D) Endogeny

Question 20

As part of her career-decision-making class, Katie writes an essay about the artist side of her personality and a desire to be an actor along with the more practical side of her personality that wants to focus on achieving immediate job security after graduating from college. The Jungian principle of personality development demonstrated by Katie in her essay is that of:

A) Deindividuation
B) Saliency
C) Individuation
D) Intellectualism

Question 21

Katie decides that she will combine her love of acting within the creative side of her personality with the more practical side of her personality that seeks job security after college by majoring in theater arts management. The Jungian principle of personality development demonstrated by Katie in selecting her college major is:

A) Individuation
B) The transcendent function
C) Cognitive completion
D) Structuralization

Question 22

Katie's decision to work in theater arts management allows her to balance the artistic side of her personality with her practical side. After working in theater arts management for three years, she decides to explore both sides of her personality even more by attending seminars on producing artistic performances. The Jungian principle of personality development demonstrated by Katie in expanding the artistic and practical sides of her personality is:

A) Self-realization
B) Transpersonal mediation
C) Transconscious self-discovery
D) Self-reaffirmation

Question 23

After investing all of his psychic energy for months trying to finish a big project, Raymond is found late one evening walking in the park with only his pants on shouting "I have to shed all of my responsibilities and start living again." According to Jung, Raymond's odd behavior is a result of:

A) An imbalance of the psychic energy within his personality
B) The consequence of investing too much psychic energy in his public self while ignoring his personal self
C) A massive shift in psychic energy within Raymond's personality system
D) b & c
E) a, b, & c

Question 24

In a session with a Jungian therapist, Richard describes how his parents would critically evaluate any statements he would make about his future plans. He now believes that his anxiety and indecisiveness about making career decisions can be traced back to those discussions with his parents. Such an exchange with his therapist is most likely to occur during the _____ stage.

A) Confessional
B) Elucidation
C) Education
D) Transformation

Question 25

An executive with a major accounting firm has been depressed lately. A discussion with her Jungian therapist reveals that she seems to be unfulfilled with her job and would probably be happier pursuing her dream of teaching accounting to students in underdeveloped countries. Such an exchange with her therapist is most likely to occur during the _____ stage.

A) Confessional
B) Elucidation
C) Education
D) Transformation

Question 26

Jung was the first analyst to use what personality assessment technique in a clinical setting?

A) Ink blot test
B) Phrase completion test
C) Fill-in-the picture test
D) Word association test
E) Story-completion test

Question 27

In his session with his Jungian analyst, Richard goes into great detail concerning a dream he had about a giant dog playing an accordion, along with how he was actually in the dream with a group of co-workers listening to the dog. The discussion of dreams in detail is part of the:

A) Dream sequence analysis
B) Method of amplification
C) Format of detail dream analysis
D) Functional dream analysis

Question 28

A client reports that she had a dream where she is watching a huge oak tree being cut down. As part of her session, the therapist asks her to pretend she is the tree and explain the pain of being cut down and separated from the rest of the forest. Such instructions are part of the method of:

A) Amplification
B) Scenic articulation
C) Active imagination
D) Active imitation

Question 29

The two major personality attitudes proposed by Jung were:

A) Internal and external locus of control
B) Neuroticism and psychoticism
C) Introverted and extraverted
D) Positive and negative

Question 30

Joe seems to understand things better if they are related to other ideas while Jake seems to understand things better if he can see or feel them. Joe seems to operate on a(n) _____ function while Jake seems to operate on a(n) _____ function.

A) thinking; sensation
B) thinking; feeling
C) feeling; intuition
D) intuition; sensation

Question 31

Josh's creative writing teacher seems to like stories that go beyond the surface meaning and focus on symbolism and hidden meaning. Josh's teacher seems to be a(n) _____ dominant literary critic.

A) sensation
B) intuition
C) thinking
D) feeling

Question 32

Gene has all of his tools lined up in his shop and socks organized in his dresser drawer. Based on his desire for neatness and order, Gene would be considered
A _____ type in the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.

A) linear
B) perceiving
C) judging
D) cognitive

Question 33

As part of a class exercise on creativity, the students in Mr. Jones' class were asked to search their memories for their most vivid experiences. Those students who recalled events that were highly social in nature were _____ types.

A) feeling types
B) introverted
C) thinking
D) extraverted

Question 34

If you were going to hire individuals to work at your accounting firm to prepare taxes, you would be wise to hire individuals with the Jungian personality type combination of:

A) Reflective/directive
B) Introvert/sensing
C) Mindful/focused
D) Feeling/detailed

Question 35

Although they all tend to desire autonomy in their various careers, Bernie is a psychologist, Joe, his brother, is a musician, and Terri, their sister, is a minister. Their occupational choices reflect the Jungian personality classification of _____ types.

A) intuitive
B) creative
C) reflective
D) directive

Question 36

A characteristic strength of Jung's viewpoint is his:

A) Emphasis on both past and future events as being critical to understanding personality
B) Expanded emphasis of the conscious mind
C) Introduction of psychological types has stimulated much research
D) a & b
E) a & c

Question 37

A characteristic limitation of Jung's viewpoint is:

A) He put too much emphasis on the conscious mind
B) Many of his most important concepts were difficult to define
C) His ideas have not stimulated much research
D) His approach to dream analysis was not taken seriously
E) a, b, & d

Question 38

Adler was very well liked in Vienna because:

A) He helped set up the city's child guidance clinics
B) He lectured extensively to the general public
C) Of his concern for the public, especially children
D) a & c
E) a, b, & c

Question 39

Because of the emphasis he gave to helping others as the guiding principle of behavior, Alder's viewpoint of personality stressed the _____ nature of personality.

A) intrapersonal
B) transpersonal
C) interpersonal
D) biosocial

Question 40

Gary was born with a slight curve in his spine that made playing sports in school difficult. Adler's concept of _____ describes Gary's curved spine.

A) organ deformity
B) organ obstacle
C) organ inferiority
D) organ fixation

Question 41

Lisa feels that her contribution to the class discussion is not worthy of expressing out loud. Her self-assessment reflects what Alder refers to as:

A) Inferiority feelings
B) Cognitive dismissal
C) Feelings of displacement
D) Affective isolation

Question 42

To deal with her fear of speaking in public, Lisa takes a speech class as an elective each semester. Her class selection represents what Alder refers to as:

A) Reactance
B) Social will
C) Psychological determinism
D) Compensation

Question 43

To deal with his feelings of loneliness, Jason tells his life story to total strangers as a way of trying to make friends. Alder would say that Jason in engaging in the process of:

A) Reactive communication
B) Overcompensation
C) Striving for superiority
D) Excessive social interest

Question 44

Cindy expresses her love for acting by trying out for all of the plays she can. She has recently started writing plays and doing some stage directing in an attempt to test the limits of her theatrical ability. Adler would say that Cindy is engaged in the process of:

A) Overcompensating
B) Expressing her superiority complex
C) Expressing her persona, the archetype of actors
D) Striving for superiority
E) Developing her feeling function

Question 45

Sharon attempts to boost her own self-image by playing golf with people she knows are less able than she is. Worst of all, she tends to criticize these individuals in front of others while playing them. Sharon is suffering from:

A) An inflated style of life
B) An overachieving archetype
C) A superiority complex
D) Distorted social interest

Question 46

Ellen has decided to improve her communication skills and help her community reduce crime by trying to teach English as a second language at the local community center to recent immigrants, who have a high crime rate because their language deficiencies prevent them from finding work. According to Adler, Ellen is expressing:

A) Social psychology
B) Social facilitation
C) Social interest
D) Social valuing
E) Social reconstruction

Question 47

To help make their community a safer place, David has decided to become a police officer while Ellen will teach English to individuals on parole. According to Adler, these individuals are expressing social interest through their unique:

A) Individual psychology
B) Self archetype
C) Lifestyle analysis.
D) Style of life

Question 48

Jack and Jill were middle managers in a company and were both downsized after being with the company for nine years. Jack took this opportunity to go back to school to pursue his interest in teaching elementary school while Jill took the first job offer she could get and began immediately to look for a better job. Their perceptions of being downsized and unique reactions to it illustrate Adler's concept of the:

A) Creative self
B) Rational self
C) Affective self
D) Intuitive self

Question 49

According to Adler, personality development involves the individual trying to solve major life tasks in the direction of:

A) Increased individuation
B) Increased social interest
C) Decreased personal space
D) Decreased social support

Question 50

In Adler's view of personality development, the first developmental task involves:

A) Learning to express one's creative self
B) The moderation of personal interest
C) The delay of gratification
D) Learning to cooperate and consider the needs of others

Question 51

Rex is Andy and Ann's first child. They are so responsive to Rex's needs that they do not let him become the least bit frustrated when he is playing with other kids. Rex is likely to develop the personality of the:

A) Rejected child
B) Extraverted child
C) Pampered child
D) Impulsive child

Question 52

In his probation officer's file, it says that Steve's criminal tendencies are due to his lack of trust of others and a sense of social withdrawal and isolation. It also says that Steve was abused by his parents as a child. Adler would say that Steve has the personality of the:

A) Pampered child
B) Rejected child
C) Antisocial child
D) Dejected child

Question 53

Ross is a rather independent individual who enjoys trying to solve his own problems. According to Adler, Ross acquired these characteristics because he was _____ child.

A) the firstborn
B) the second-born
C) the youngest
D) an only

Question 54

According to Adler, being _____ tended to intensify feelings of inferiority and heighten one's desire to succeed.

A) the firstborn
B) the second-born
C) the youngest
D) an only child

Question 55

According to Anna's teachers, she seems to have excessive feelings of self-doubt and shows a lack of concern for her classmates. According to Adler, Anna is most likely to be _____ child.

A) a firstborn
B) a second-born
C) the youngest
D) an only

Question 56

According to Adler, the _____ child is believed to acquire superior intellectual ability and academic success.

A) firstborn
B) second-born
C) youngest
D) only

Question 57

It has been reported that the _____ child tends to have a higher need for achievement than children with other birth-order status.

A) only
B) firstborn
C) later-born
D) a & b

Question 58

No relationships has been found between birth order and:

A) Shyness
B) Alcoholism
C) Criminal behavior
D) a & b
E) b & c

Question 59

It has been reported that the _____ child tends to be more popular and develops greater social skills than children with other birth-order status.

A) later-born
B) only child
C) firstborn
D) b & c

Question 60

Adler believed that selecting an occupational choice during young adulthood was important because it could serve as a means of:

A) Expressing social interest
B) Overcoming feelings of superiority
C) Developing a purpose in life
D) a & b
E) a & c

Question 61

For Adler, the expression of love in adulthood involves:

A) Being concerned about the needs and happiness of one's partner
B) Promoting a sense of social interest in one's children
C) Rating one's degrees of social interest through community involvement
D) a & b
E) a, b, & c

Question 62

According to Adler, the first step in the therapeutic process was to:

A) Gain the client's confidence and trust
B) Point out the client's lack of social interest
C) Describe the client's misguided creative self
D) b & c
E) a, b, & c

Question 63

According to Adler, the final step in the therapeutic process was to:

A) Eliminate attempts to overcompensate
B) Help clients to promote a sense of distancing in explaining the nature of their problems
C) Foster social interest through the client's style of life
D) a & c
E) a, b, & c

Question 64

As part of her therapy for depression, Julia is asked by her therapist to try and remember the earliest memory from her childhood. Julia is engaged in the technique of:

A) Infantile regression
B) Memory recovery
C) Early recollections
D) First-memory reexamination

Question 65

In his analysis of dreams, Adler emphasized:

A) The childhood significance of dreams
B) The degree of social interest in their content
C) Their relationship to the creative self
D) Dreams as present information that gives insight into future wishes and desires
E) a & c

Question 66

For Adler, family therapy was designed to:

A) Create a more psychologically healthy family environment
B) Correct self-defeating relationships
C) Examine faulty parenting practices
D) a & c
E) a, b, & c

Question 67

Scores on the Social Interest Scale are:

A) Positively correlated with self-centeredness
B) Low for criminals
C) Negatively correlated with hostility
D) a & b
E) b & c

Question 68

Scores on the Social Interest Scale are positively correlated with:

A) Stressful life experiences
B) How interesting people perceive their lives
C) Favorable memories of childhood
D) a & b
E) a, b, & c

Question 69

Stressing that volunteering is a "great way to make friends and develop social relationships" is a motivational appeal that is most likely to recruit ________ volunteers.

A) teenage (i.e., 12-17 years of age)
B) young-adult (i.e., 19-39 years of age)
C) middle- aged adult (i.e., 40-54 years of age)
D) elderly adult (i.e., 55-76 years of age)
E) a & d

Question 70

The slogan, "Ask not how your community can serve you, but how you can serve your community." would be most effective when developing a marketing campaign for recruiting volunteers in which group?

A) Religious individual
B) Young adults (i.e., 19-39 years of age)
C) Recently unemployed
D) Elderly adults (i.e., 55-76 years of age)
E) Military veterans

Question 71

A characteristic strength of Adler's viewpoint is his:

A) Pragmatic approach to solving personal and social problems
B) Expanded coverage of the regions of the mind
C) Development of the creative self-assessment technique
D) Development of the psychosocial stages of personality development
E) a, c, & d

Question 72

A characteristic limitation of Adler's viewpoint is:

A) There is little empirical support for the influence of social interest
B) His theoretical concepts were not well defined or clearly related to each other, such as his views on personality development and therapy
C) His theory had too many concepts
D) a & c
E) b & c