Deck 17: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Tamara is anxious when she arrives for her first day in a new office. She mentally rehearses introducing herself, so when someone asks "Where are you from?"Tamara accidentally replies, "I'm Tamara."Later that afternoon, Tamara overhears someone say, "The new girl doesn't seem that smart."Because she knows she's extremely smart, Tamara isn't upset, but she is embarrassed. Her coworker has

A) used the peripheral route of persuasion.
B) experienced cognitive dissonance.
C) made a fundamental attribution error.
D) used an internal locus of control.

Answer 1

made a fundamental attribution error.

Question 2

A good way to help you quit smoking is to spend time educating other people about the dangers of smoking. Because one action (smoking) is incongruent with the other action (telling others about the dangers related to smoking), and because there is little question that smoking is in fact dangerous to one's health, you would probably feel an urge to

A) adjust your behavior (stop smoking) to fit your self-image of someone who openly speaks out against smoking, so you wouldn't look like a hypocrite.
B) seek out additional information on how smoking affects people's health over time.
C) tell even more people that smoking is bad for them.
D) deindividuate.

Answer 2

adjust your behavior (stop smoking) to fit your self-image of someone who openly speaks out against smoking, so you wouldn't look like a hypocrite.

Question 3

Glynnis has been involved in her college's theater department for several years. When she first is provided a script, she practices alone, repeating her lines until they sound and feel realistic to her. She always notices that her performance improves significantly when she participates in dress rehearsals with other actors due to

A) social norms.
B) social roles.
C) deindividuation.
D) social facilitation.

Answer 3

social facilitation.

Question 4

When the Enron Corporation went bankrupt in 2001, this collapse was the largest corporate failure in history, and the name has since become synonymous with corporate fraud. Enron's board of directors failed to monitor, question, or analyze Enron's management and business practices, and billions of dollars' worth of unscrupulous activities were conducted to make Enron look more financially stable than it was. Though the board had access to evidence that something was wrong with Enron's business practices,a culture had developed in which conformity was encouraged and diverse views not acceptable. What might Enron have done differently to prevent this kind of culture?

A) have an impartial leader
B) bring in outsiders to offer opinions
C) provide an environment where individuals can dissent
D) all of these

Question 5

Melissa has been assigned to do a group project with three other students. She knows that two of them are good students who will do an excellent job on the project. Since the teacher won't know who has done what work on the project, she doesn't bother to work very hard. The smart kids, as she thinks of them, can do the work. Her apparent laziness is due to

A) social facilitation.
B) groupthink.
C) the norm of reciprocity.
D) social loafing.

Question 6

When she first hears a particular song on the radio, Madelaine hates it. A lot of other people like it, though, and the song is played often, so whether she wants to or not, Madelaine hears it over and over. One day she realizes that she actually kind of likes the song. She tells a friend that the song has grown on her. Madelaine's feelings about the song changed due to the

A) social penetration theory.
B) social exchange theory.
C) mere exposure effect.
D) social facilitation effect.

Question 7

Cheyenne loves to be in love. For her the first few months of a new relationship are always filled with intense emotions, passion, and excitement. The problem is that her love never lasts. Eventually, the passionate feelings fade and, more often than not, she finds herself left with someone she doesn't even like. Why is this happening to Cheyenne?

A) She is experiencing infatuation rather than consummate love.
B) She is not choosing partners with whom she can share her feelings and feel emotionally intimate.
C) She is not committing to make her relationships work.
D) all of these

Question 8

Kenisha and Will have been dating for several months and have just had their first major fight. John Gottman's research shows that __________ crucial if the relationship is to remain healthy and survive.

A) responsiveness, concern, respect, and supportiveness are
B) passion, commitment, and common interests are
C) a willingness to pretend that things are all right is
D) the ability to get out all anger as honestly as possible is

Question 9

Kenisha and Will have been dating for several months and have just had their first major fight. John Gottman's research shows that couples who behave with __________ toward one another are least likely to have a happy or healthy relationship.

A) dominance, passiveness, inadequacy, and boredom
B) shouting, screaming, whining, and crying
C) criticism, contempt, defensiveness, and stonewalling
D) silence, secretiveness, sarcasm, and assumptions

Question 10

In a recent study (M. Bertrand & S. Mullainathan, 2003), researchers sent 5,000 fictitious résumés, identical except for the names, to companies advertising in Chicago and Boston. Applicants with black-sounding names were 50 percent less likely to be called for an interview than those with white-sounding names. This unfair treatment is called

A) prejudice.
B) discrimination.
C) realistic conflict theory.
D) social identity theory.

Question 11

During rush hour one afternoon, Tabitha sees a van on fire at the side of the road. Though normally she would drive on by assuming that someone else had already called for help, she learned in her psychology class that people often walk or drive past emergencies due to __________. When she calls 911, she is nonetheless shocked to learn that nobody else has called in the fire.

A) social facilitation
B) normative social conformity
C) the bystander effect
D) deindividuation

Question 12

Jody is known at the office for being meek and even a pushover. Though people like him, they sometimes joke that if they need something done, Jody will do it. One morning, Jody wears a new tie with an unusual pattern and when a colleague asks him if he was on drugs when he picked it, Jody attacks him. Everyone is so stunned by Jody's sudden aggressiveness that more than a minute passes before people drag him away from the man he was beating. Before the end of the day, Jody is in a psychologist's office, filling out a test that reveals that he has

A) hidden prejudices.
B) made a situational attribution.
C) achieved catharsis.
D) overcontrolled hostility.