Deck 14: Personality

Question 1

Faye watched a news program that described behavioral intervention programs for weight loss. Because she would like to lose weight and live a more healthy life, she decides to work with a nutritionist. The nutritionist will probably encourage Faye to do all of the following except

A) keep a food diary.
B) punish herself when she makes a slip in her new habits.
C) do nothing else while eating.
D) add an exercise program.

Answer 1

punish herself when she makes a slip in her new habits.

Question 2

Rafferty recently completed a fitness assessment with results poorer than he expected. His weight is significantly higher than it should be, he has several unhealthful habits, and he is unable to lift weights comparable to others his age. Rafferty's physician suggests he undertake __________ exercise, whichwill elevate his heart rate and increase his body's need for oxygen.

A) aerobic
B) anaerobic
C) cortisol
D) glycolic

Answer 2

aerobic

Question 3

When Arthur's female cousin is diagnosed with HIV, he is surprised, because he thought that gay (homosexual) men were the only at-risk population. He borrows a book on HIV and AIDS from the library and learns that women now make up __________ of all HIV cases.

A) 10 percent
B) 25 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 75 percent

Answer 3

50 percent

Question 4

Sasha drives whenever she must travel, because she's terrified a plane will crash. Statistics show that there are 40,000 deaths per year in automobile accidents and only about 200 deaths in air transport, but news programs tend to sensationalize plane crashes and minimize car wrecks. Sadly, manyof those automobile accidents could be prevented, since __________ is implicated in half of allautomobile fatalities.

A) alcohol
B) marijuana
C) cocaine
D) carbon monoxide poisoning

Question 5

Antoinette is annoyed that the college judicial board has ordered her into therapy, because she doesn't believe that regularly getting drunk at age 19 is problematic. The therapist asks her to sit in on a group for students who have gotten into the same kind of trouble she has. In it, she learns all of the following except that

A) people are more likely to engage in unplanned and unprotected sex when they have been drinking.
B) binge drinkers often forget where they were or what they did while they were under the influence of the alcohol.
C) having problems related to drinking is rarely limited to being caught by campus or local police.
D) 85 percent of students meet the criteria for binge drinking, but only 25 percent of those individuals see themselves as having a drinking problem.

Question 6

When Clay's father was diagnosed with lung cancer, Clay decided to quit smoking. Though throwing out his cigarette packs and lighters, joining a smoking-cessation support group, and saving the money he might otherwise have spent on cigarettes is helping, Clay is still smoking cigarettes he bums from friends. Though he gives up trying to quit for a while, the next time he decides to try he visits his physician for additional help. His doctor prescribes an antidepressant called Zyban that helps some people quit and encourages Clay to start individual therapy. In therapy, Clay can learn how to deal with situations that trigger his need to smoke and develop self-monitoring and stress-management techniques. By adding these approaches, called __________, Clay will have a more powerfulbehavior-change package.

A) transtheoretical investments
B) multimodal treatments
C) motivational interventions
D) contemplative conduits

Question 7

Catherine has wanted to lose weight for several years, and finally a magazine article on the dangers of obesity makes her decide to take action. Today she went to the market and bought healthful foods, then made herself her favorite high-fat dinner and dessert, knowing she would need to eat these kinds of foods in moderation in the future. According to the transtheoretical model of change, Catherine is in the __________ stage.

A) precontemplation
B) contemplation
C) preparation
D) termination

Question 8

Clay's father was recently diagnosed with lung cancer. Though the doctors believe they caught the condition early enough to help Clay's father, Clay is frightened enough by the diagnosis to decide to quit smoking himself. He throws out his cigarette packs and lighters, joins a smoking-cessation support group, and puts the money he might otherwise have spent on cigarettes into a jar so he can reward himself for quitting. Clay is in the __________ stage of the transtheoretical model.

A) self-verification
B) action
C) contemplation
D) precontemplation

Question 9

When Clay's father was diagnosed with lung cancer, Clay decided to quit smoking. Though throwing out his cigarette packs and lighters, joining a smoking-cessation support group, and saving the money he might otherwise have spent on cigarettes helped for a while, Clay is still smoking cigarettes he bums from friends. His friends tease him, and he tells himself he's weak and probably won't ever be able to resist the temptation of cigarettes completely. Finally he just buys several packs and resigns himself to being a smoker for the rest of his life. Clay has experienced the

A) general adaptation syndrome.
B) gate control effect.
C) abstinence violation effect.
D) stress-induced analgesia.

Question 10

Inga and Neil are scheduled to move into their new house tomorrow, but their realtor calls to tell them that the previous owners turned off the heat, which caused several of the water pipes to burst. Since the house is temporarily uninhabitable, Inga and Neil agree that the situation is both serious and upsetting. To do this, they have engaged in a

A) primary appraisal.
B) secondary appraisal.
C) behavioral assessment.
D) fixation.

Question 11

Inga and Neil are scheduled to move into their new house tomorrow, but their realtor calls to tell them that the previous owners turned off the heat, which caused several of the water pipes to burst. Since the house is temporarily uninhabitable, Inga and Neil decide that they can put their belongings in storage and stay with Neil's parents while the repairs are made. They ask the realtor to arrange repairs at the previous owner's expense. Though they are disappointed that they won't be able to entertain for the holidays, they know they will be able to do it next year. By assessing their resources to cope with the situation, Neil and Inga have engaged in a

A) primary appraisal.
B) secondary appraisal.
C) behavioral assessment.
D) fixation.

Question 12

Once in a while, we hear amazing news reports of people who have cut off an arm or a hand in farm equipment, picked up the severed appendage, and walked a significant distance for help. Though upon hearing these stories, most people wonder how the survivor could have endured the pain long enough to find help, we know that the body can produce morphinelike chemicals that reduce or eliminate pain in stressful situations. This is called

A) stress-induced analgesia.
B) adaptation.
C) an endogenous response.
D) a transtheoretical response.

Question 13

Raven is a self-described worrywart. In any given situation, she worries that she will make an embarrassing mistake and others will laugh at her. Her worries lead her to stay home as much as possible and avoid meeting or dealing with new people. One argument regarding stress and well being would argue that the problem here is due to

A) somatic appraisals
B) corollary appraisals
C) systemic appraisals
D) cognitive appraisals

Question 14

Bacteria, viruses, abnormal cells, and many chemicals comprise a class called

A) hormones
B) endorphins
C) androgens
D) antigens

Question 15

Inga and Neil are scheduled to move into their new house tomorrow, but their realtor calls to tell them that the previous owners turned off the heat, which caused several of the water pipes to burst. Since the house is temporarily uninhabitable, Inga and Neil decide that they can put their belongings in storage and stay with Neil's parents while the repairs are made. They ask the realtor to arrange repairs at the previous owner's expense. Inga and Neil have employed

A) problem-focused coping strategies.
B) physiological toughness.
C) resistance.
D) behavioral analysis.

Question 16

While taking a college health class, Eugene learns that children of alcoholics often have trouble forming healthy and lasting relationships with other people. Eugene recognizes himself in the pattern of behaviors displayed by these children and decides that he wants to seek help. He asks his professor for a referral and she suggests Al-Anon, a support group for children of alcoholics. Encouraged, Eugene both begins attending Al-Anon meetings and makes an appointment to see a therapist. Eugene is

A) utilizing projective identification.
B) seeking social support.
C) sublimating his problems.
D) trying to reduce controllability.

Question 17

Once in a while, we hear amazing news reports of people who have cut off an arm or a hand in farm equipment, picked up the severed appendage, and walked a significant distance for help. Though upon hearing these stories, most people wonder how the survivor could have endured the pain long enough to find help, we know that the body can produce morphinelike chemicals called

A) analgesiacs.
B) adaptors.
C) endorphins.
D) transtheoreticals.

Question 18

Emily is interested in holistic health practices, so she decides to try acupuncture for her migraines. Chinese practitioners believe that acupuncture works by stimulating areas called meridians that stimulate or calm the flow of energy in one's body. Emily is surprised that the insertion of the needles does not hurt, but research suggests that acupuncture normally releases

A) catecholomines.
B) amygdalas.
C) naloxone.
D) endorphins.

Question 19

Sawyer enjoys being in good shape, but increasing his cardiovascular health requires him to occasionally push himself up across his anaerobic threshold which is uncomfortable. He listens to music while he exercises and pretends that the music makes his feet move; the shift in focus from his physical discomfort to the music allows him to push himself harder than he might otherwise. Sawyer is distracting or __________ the uncomfortable sensations in his body.

A) adapting to
B) actualizing
C) dissociating himself from
D) dictating

Question 20

Many argue that the appeal of reality TV is to watch others worse off than you. So when you see a person acting desperate or crazy on a reality dating show, it allows you to feel good about yourself by thinking "At least I'm better off then that person!"This process is what we call

A) downward social comparison.
B) upward social comparison.
C) the Wasson effect.
D) the mirror image effect.