Deck 8: Sociological Theory

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a variable that needs to be considered for an individual with addiction according to sociological theory?

A) Brain structure
B) Time
C) Culture
D) Familial groups

Answer 1

Brain structure

Question 2

What type of addiction was common in 18^th-century China?

A) Heroin
B) Alcohol
C) Opium
D) Gambling

Answer 2

Opium

Question 3

What movement banned the sale and consumption of alcohol in the U.S.?

A) Temperance Movement
B) Prohibition
C) Punitive Movement
D) Alcohol Tax

Answer 3

Prohibition

Question 4

What was ironic about the second half of the 20^th century in the U.S in regards to how substance use was viewed?

A) Chinese laborers used opium but were not punished for their use
B) Substances were banned across the U.S. but were allowed to be accessed by those who were wealthy
C) Prohibition was the reason the Temperance Movement began
D) A punitive stance was adopted for those who used substances, yet specific drugs were promoted and portrayed in a positive light

Question 5

Great Britain viewed substance use as:

A) Recreational
B) Deviant
C) A medical concern
D) A psychological concern

Question 6

The United States viewed substance use as:

A) Deviant
B) A medical concern
C) Recreational
D) A psychological concern

Question 7

From the perspective of sociological theory, why is it problematic that the U.S. labeled individuals who used substances as "deviant"?

A) Individuals were unable to access treatment
B) Individuals were unable to gain employment
C) Individuals were viewed positively
D) Individuals were stigmatized

Question 8

What is the macro-environment in regards to sociological theory?

A) "The bigger picture" of addiction
B) "The small picture" of addiction
C) "The culture" of addiction
D) "The phenomenon" of addiction

Question 9

According to ________, four sociological functions of substance abuse exist.

A) Bandura
B) Ainsworth
C) Thomas
D) Thombs

Question 10

What is the purpose of the four sociological functions of substance abuse?

A) Serves as a roadmap for understanding the purpose substance use behaviors might serve for a particular individual
B) Helps the clinician understand what is triggered the substance abuse
C) Indicates how treatment should best proceed for different types of addiction
D) Describes the four most commonly used substances and why they are abused

Question 11

The "lowering of inhibitions" is consistent with what sociological function of substance abuse?

A) Promotion of group solidarity
B) Repudiation of middle-class values
C) Facilitation of social interaction
D) Release from social obligations

Question 12

Substance use is thought to provide respite both mentally and behaviorally. What sociological function of substance abuse is this consistent with?

A) Release from social obligations
B) Promotion of group solidarity
C) Repudiation of middle-class values
D) Facilitation of social interaction

Question 13

What is achievement anxiety theory?

A) An individual's fear of achievement fuels addiction
B) An individual's fear of failure fuels addiction
C) An individual's anxiety impacts achievement
D) An individual's generalized anxiety fuels addiction

Question 14

The belief that social and cultural groups have significant influence on its members' substance use behaviors is consistent with what sociological function of substance abuse?

A) Promotion of group solidarity
B) Facilitation of social interaction
C) Repudiation of middle-class values
D) Release from social obligations

Question 15

Substance use disorders are among the most common mental health diagnosis of what age group?

A) 30 to 45
B) 21 to 35
C) 13 to 18
D) 18 to 25

Question 16

What is social norm theory?

A) Adults believe all teens engage in drug and alcohol abuse but grow out of it as they age
B) Students overestimate the amount of alcohol they believe their peers ingest and view their peers as having more liberal views of alcohol use behaviors
C) Students overestimate the amount of illegal drug use they believe their peers use and view their peers as having more liberal views of illegal drug use behaviors
D) Adolescents believe all teens engage in drug and alcohol abuse but grow out of it as they age

Question 17

Which of the following subcultures are characterized by expectations peers have for one another's behavior?

A) Norm subculture
B) Parent subculture
C) Youth subculture
D) Adolescent drug subculture

Question 18

According to sociological theory, addiction is considered:

A) Developmentally inappropriate
B) Socially deviant
C) Socially acceptable
D) Rooted in childhood

Question 19

Which theory posits that violations of social norms occur when an individual does not feel invested in a social group?

A) Social development theory
B) Social learning theory
C) Social conflict theory
D) Social control theory

Question 20

When an individual is confronted with the decision to violate a group norm, both ________ and ________ controls come into play.

A) Inner and outer
B) Brain and social
C) Social and emotional
D) Higher and lower

Question 21

Which theory suggests that the more exposure to substance use and the more opportunity to learn the positive value of substance use, the more likely an individual will develop an addiction?

A) Social development theory
B) Social learning theory
C) Social conflict theory
D) Social control theory

Question 22

Which theory indicates that addiction is related to inequalities that exist between diverse social groups?

A) Social development theory
B) Social learning theory
C) Social conflict theory
D) Social control theory

Question 23

The way addiction is viewed across time and culture is common.

Question 24

Addiction is common across time and culture.

Question 25

According to the sociological perspective, an individual's values and beliefs play the most important role in how counselors provide treatment.

Question 26

It is important for counselors to understand the roots of individual's values and beliefs within the context of social and cultural norms and values.

Question 27

According to Thombs, seven sociological functions of substance abuse exist.

Question 28

Cultural values dictate when the use of substances as temporary relief from social obligations is considered acceptable.

Question 29

According to the National Survey of Drug Use and Health, 5% of individuals aged 18 to 25 years reported elicit drug use.

Question 30

A prominent subculture is the adolescent drug subculture.

Question 31

Social Control Theory considers deviant behaviors to be natural and understandable.

Question 32

Social Learning Theory considers deviate behaviors to be natural and understandable.

Question 33

A commonality of all the sociological theories is that addictive behavior is characterized as a deviation from the norm.

Question 34

What questions do the sociological theory attempt to answer, as it relates to addictions counseling?

Question 35

What are the sociological functions of substance abuse?? What is the purpose of them?

Question 36

Describe how substance use behaviors facilitate social interactions.

Question 37

Describe how substance use behaviors provide a release from social obligations.

Question 38

Describe how substance use behaviors promote group solidarity.

Question 39

Describe how substance use behaviors repudiate middle-class values.

Question 40

Why is it important for counselors to "check" their own personal values?

Question 41

Describe the strengths and weaknesses of sociological theory in explaining addiction.