Deck 12: Personality

Question 1

Personality is composed of:

A) intrinsic processes and extrinsic appearance
B) reputation and internal processes
C) mood and context
D) individuality and situation

Answer 1

reputation and internal processes

Question 2

The basic elements of personality include all of the following except:

A) thoughts
B) impulses
C) feelings
D) behaviors

Answer 2

impulses

Question 3

The manner in which a person acts across a variety of situations is called:

A) personality
B) reputation
C) face
D) extrinsic self

Answer 3

personality

Question 4

Personality psychology involves the:

A) motivations and situations affecting behavior
B) manner in which thoughts and motivations become established
C) the structure of personality and individual differences
D) understanding of people across situations and cultures

Question 5

The first individual to present a comprehensive theory of personality is:

A) Sigmund Freud
B) Martin Charcot
C) Carl Jung
D) Albert Bandura

Question 6

Freud became interested in personality because of his experience with patients suffering from:

A) psychodynamic conversion
B) hysteria
C) hypnotic analgesia
D) fixation

Question 7

Freud was very much influenced by the work of _____ who demonstrated that hysteria could be relieved by hypnosis.

A) Alfred Adler
B) Carl Jung
C) Martin Charcot
D) Albert Bandura

Question 8

The basis for Freud's theory of personality is the idea that if a symptom is not of physiological origin and the person cannot control it, then:

A) it must be a trait
B) it must be caused by unconscious impulses
C) it must be caused by a reaction to conscious urges
D) it must be irrational

Question 9

Freud's theory of personality is commonly called:

A) existentialism
B) humanism
C) allocentrism
D) psychodynamics

Question 10

According to Freud's theory of personality, behavior is determined by:

A) unconscious desires brought into consciousness
B) the conflict between conscious and unconscious forces
C) the development of most important traits
D) the desire to repress negative thoughts

Question 11

Freud's theory of personality is based on:

A) case studies
B) experimental investigations
C) introspection
D) empirical manipulations

Question 12

Freud's method for developing his models of psychodynamics has drawn criticism on the grounds that the data from his research:

A) cannot be easily observed by other scientists
B) are filtered through the biases of the investigator
C) do not easily permit generalizations from one subject to another
D) all of the above

Question 13

The model proposed by Freud, which argues that there are three types of mental processes is referred to as the:

A) compromise formation model
B) topographic model
C) libidinal model
D) conflict model

Question 14

The topographic model proposed by Freud, was proposed to explain:

A) unconscious forces that drive behavior
B) the mind
C) the libido and aggression
D) conflicts that people face in every day life

Question 15

The three mental processes that are thought to affect one's personality are:

A) id, ego, superego
B) conflict, resolution, mediation
C) conscious, preconscious, unconscious
D) drive, instinct, compromise formation

Question 16

Which of these mental processes is not conscious, but can become conscious at any point?

A) super-conscious
B) unconscious
C) subconscious
D) preconscious

Question 17

According to Freud, _____ mental processes are irrational, organized along associative lines rather than logic.

A) unconscious
B) preconscious
C) subconscious
D) super-conscious

Question 18

According to Freud, the unconscious processes can become evident through:

A) conflicting behaviors, such as doing homework while watching television
B) ambivalence, such as ending a relationship and then wanting the person back
C) hysteria
D) slips of the tongue

Question 19

The fact that I have work to do and that I also want to relax and watch some television is an example of what Freud referred to as:

A) ambivalence
B) disparity
C) inconsistency
D) antithesis

Question 20

Freud defines psychodynamic conflict as the tension between:

A) opposing motives
B) interpsychic entities
C) compromise formations
D) sex and aggression

Question 21

I want to have sex with lots of people. However, I am in a relationship, and I want to stay in that monogamous relationship. Obviously I have to make a decision since I can't have them both. This situation is what Freud referred to as a/an:

A) disparity
B) conflict
C) inconsistency
D) antithesis

Question 22

Although I need to keep focused on working hard to achieve my goals, I sometimes feel compelled to relax and waste an afternoon. Freud would refer to this as:

A) goal-focused behavior
B) a conflict
C) repression
D) Oedipus complex

Question 23

In a study reported in your textbook, participants made lists of 15 of their personal objectives that they wanted to accomplish. They also indicated the degree to which each was in conflict with every other objective. The data showed that the more conflict the person perceived between objectives,

A) the more unconscious goals influenced behavior
B) the more anxiety, depression, and poor health the person experienced
C) the more repression the participants used
D) the more driven the participants felt to achieve their goals

Question 24

According to Freud, _____ are the solutions that people develop to maximize fulfillment of conflicting motives simultaneously.

A) goal maximization
B) compromise formations
C) outcome determinations
D) conflict accommodations

Question 25

A psychodynamic theorist would predict that when faced with a conflict between accuracy and self-enhancement, people are likely to:

A) reject accuracy
B) reject themselves
C) become frustrated
D) compromise

Question 26

To understand what drives or motivates people, Freud proposed the _____ model.

A) id
B) libido
C) psychosexual
D) instinct

Question 27

The sexual drive is also referred to as:

A) the libido
B) the id drive
C) Eros
D) Thanatos

Question 28

Libido refers to:

A) sexual intercourse
B) sensuality
C) love
D) all of the above

Question 29

I love taking a day to relax, get a massage, and then go out with good friends. In psychodynamic terms, when I do this I am satisfying my:

A) need for relatedness
B) unconscious drives
C) Oedipus complex
D) libido

Question 30

Valentine's Day is actually a recognition of Freud's notion of the:

A) id
B) libido
C) erogenous zone
D) psychosexuality

Question 31

The key to personality development, according to Freud, is:

A) the id
B) food
C) development of the libidinal drive
D) wish fulfillment

Question 32

According to Freud, at each of the psychosexual stages, libido is focused on a particular bodily region, or:

A) libidinal zone
B) erogenous zone
C) pleasure point
D) sensory area

Question 33

During the _____ stage, children develop the wishes and expectations about dependence.

A) anal
B) oral
C) latency
D) genital

Question 34

Freud's psychosexual stages are in which order?

A) Oral > anal> genital > phallic > latent
B) Anal > oral > latent > genital > phallic
C) Anal > latent > genital > oral > phallic
D) Oral > anal > phallic > latent > genital

Question 35

From a psychodynamic perspective, conflicts or concerns that persist beyond the developmental period in which they arise are called:

A) regressions
B) obsessions
C) fixations
D) arrested developments

Question 36

Oral fixations can be evident in which one of the following?

A) smoking
B) pen/pencil chewing
C) overeating
D) all of the above

Question 37

Fixation during the oral stage will likely lead to:

A) dependence and need for approval
B) oral behaviors such as being very talkative
C) issues with control such as restrained eating or compulsive behavior
D) unhealthy obsession with food that leads to obesity

Question 38

Conflicts with parents about compliance and defiance exist during the _____ stage.

A) anal
B) latent
C) oral
D) phallic

Question 39

Fixation during the anal stage will likely lead to:

A) formal and rigid behavior, such as one often sees in the military
B) issues with order, such as overly tidy and punctual behavior or messy noncompliance
C) unhealthy issues with personal hygiene
D) linear thinking and a focus on geometric shapes

Question 40

I am the type of person to throw everything away, including cards, letters, and emails from my girlfriend. She, on the other hand, is the type of person to keep everything, including every rubber band and paper clip she ever came across. She even has the movie ticket stubs from every movie we have seen and all the emails that I sent her. She and I appear to be fixated in what stage?

A) oral
B) anal
C) latent
D) phallic

Question 41

The behavior of people with _____ fixations tends to exist at one extreme or the other. People are either overly orderly, neat, and punctual, or extremely messy, stubborn, and late.

A) latent
B) oral
C) genital
D) anal

Question 42

Which of these children is exhibiting regression?

A) Jimmy who is riding his new bicycle as fast as possible.
B) Five year old Suzie who started sucking her thumb again after her baby brother was born.
C) Two year old Eric who is resisting toilet training.
D) All of the above.

Question 43

I saw a commercial the other day. In the commercial, a father was cutting the lawn and his son was pretending to be like his dad. The little boy was pushing around a toy lawn mower. Freud would interpret the boy's actions as one of:

A) castration anxiety
B) identification
C) resemblance
D) Oedipal relations

Question 44

The desire of the son to have a relationship with his mother is referred to as:

A) the Electra complex
B) misidentification
C) the Oedipus complex
D) mis-resemblance

Question 45

The primary issue during the phallic stage is

A) identification and desire to take place of same-sex parent
B) sexual pleasure
C) learning to speak and behave as an adult
D) modeling of the preferred parent's behavior

Question 46

There is evidence to show that people tend to marry individuals who resemble their opposite sex parent. Freud would interpret this as evidence for:

A) penis envy
B) the Oedipus complex
C) identification
D) genetic relatedness

Question 47

At what age does the Oedipus complex occur?

A) 2-3
B) 3-7
C) 5-9
D) 4-6

Question 48

The desire of a young boy to have a love relationship with his mother eventually leads to:

A) castration anxiety
B) penis envy
C) the Electra complex
D) none of the above

Question 49

A female friend of mine agrees with Title IX, which essentially says that equal amounts of money should be spent on men's and women's sports. If we take a Freudian interpretation of this, then Title IX is a reflection of:

A) castration anxiety
B) the Electra complex
C) penis envy
D) the id

Question 50

Identification with the same-sex parent occurs in which stage?

A) latency
B) genital
C) phallic
D) both a and c

Question 51

During the _____ stage of psychosexual development, sex and aggression are converted into socially acceptable activities.

A) latency
B) genital
C) phallic
D) anal

Question 52

Which one of the following describes a person who is fixated in the latent stage?

A) person with problems committing to a relationship
B) person who is uninterested in sex
C) a smoker
D) person over 40 who has never moved out of their parents' home

Question 53

Fixation during the latency stage will likely lead to

A) an Oedipus or Electra complex
B) an unhealthy interest in sexual gratification
C) asexual behavior
D) modeling of the preferred parent's behavior

Question 54

The divorce rate is higher than it ever was. More than half of all marriages have ended in divorce, suggesting people have troubles with maintaining mature, adult relationships. This fact suggests that people have developed problems during which stage?

A) latent
B) genital
C) phallic
D) oral

Question 55

The stage that Freud least developed was the:

A) latent
B) genital
C) phallic
D) anal

Question 56

According to the textbook, empirical (experimental) support for the existence of the Oedipus complex can be found in that:

A) sons tend to be like their fathers
B) we often speak of "she is just like her mother"
C) children are more affectionate toward the opposite sex parent and more aggressive to the same-sex parent
D) personality tends to be tied most tightly to childhood experiences

Question 57

The structural model proposed by Freud is composed of the:

A) conscious, preconscious, unconscious
B) psychosexual stages of libidinal development
C) primary mechanisms, secondary mechanisms, and defense mechanisms
D) id, ego, superego

Question 58

The structural model proposed by Freud is designed to describe:

A) how children develop libido over time
B) how brain structures influence personality
C) how people resolve conflicts between personal desires and constraints of reality
D) how the thoughts are divided into 3 types of mental processes

Question 59

In the structural model, conflict arises between the:

A) id and superego
B) id and ego
C) superego and ego
D) id, superego, and ego

Question 60

The sexual energy we have and that drives our impulses exists in the:

A) id
B) ego
C) superego
D) secondary process thinking

Question 61

The fact that the id involves wishes and illogical and associative thought means that it is characterized by:

A) secondary process thinking
B) primary process thinking
C) compromise functions
D) aggression

Question 62

My friend often has temper tantrums, in which she will complain about how she just wants to do things, and people keep getting in her way. She is often irrational regarding just how she will find the time or money to satisfy those wishes. My friend is expressing her

A) secondary process thinking
B) id
C) rationalization
D) ego

Question 63

The wishful and irrational type of associative thinking described by Freud in which ideas connected to through experience come to mind automatically when they think about related ideas is known as:

A) unprocessed thinking
B) the unconscious
C) primary process thinking
D) egoistic processing

Question 64

In Freud's structural model, the _____ acts as a conscience and source of ideals.

A) id
B) ego
C) superid
D) superego

Question 65

My friend tries to live up to her ideals and societal expectations at all costs. This sometimes seems irrational, as she does not seem to consider the personal costs or what to do if personal and societal expectations are in conflict. My friend is expressing her

A) primary process thinking
B) superego
C) repressed urges
D) preconscious

Question 66

The rational type of associative thinking described by Freud in which people engage in logical and goal-directed thinking is known as:

A) relational thinking
B) the preconscious
C) secondary process thinking
D) primary focused coping

Question 67

The mediator between the id and the superego that tries to satisfy them both, is/are:

A) secondary process thinking
B) primary process thinking
C) the ego
D) defense mechanisms

Question 68

The _____ involves rational, logical and goal-directed thoughts.

A) id
B) superego
C) superid
D) ego

Question 69

The _____ involves primary process thinking and the _____ involves secondary process thinking.

A) id; superego
B) ego; superego
C) superego; ego
D) id; ego

Question 70

Unconscious mental processes aimed at protecting a person from experiencing unpleasant emotions, especially anxiety, are known as:

A) unconscious drives
B) compromise formations
C) ego defensiveness
D) defense mechanisms

Question 71

The defense mechanism in which a person turns unacceptable feelings into their opposites is:

A) sublimation
B) projection
C) rationalization
D) reaction formation

Question 72

I totally forget about a meeting that I was supposed to have with my boss. I am displaying:

A) repression
B) denial
C) reaction formation
D) sublimation

Question 73

I know something is seriously wrong with the relationship I am in. However, when my partner asks, "What's wrong?" I say, "Nothing." I am exhibiting:

A) repression
B) denial
C) reaction formation
D) sublimation

Question 74

The reason that people use defense mechanisms such as projection is because:

A) people are not aware of the conscious motives guiding behavior
B) people are fixated at earlier developmental stages
C) to recognize the underlying motive for behavior would cause anxiety
D) people need to satisfy their drives for libido and aggression

Question 75

There is a person that I really do not like. While talking to a friend about her, I say, "She doesn't like me." This is an example of:

A) reaction formation
B) sublimation
C) projection
D) passive aggression

Question 76

According to research presented in your textbook, one way that projection may occur is:

A) without conscious awareness of the secondary processes that occur
B) through reaction formation
C) by denying the urge in oneself
D) because trying to suppress a thought makes that thought activated at an implicit level

Question 77

They say that most of the people who cheat tell their partners because they feel their partner should know the truth. In reality, it is believed that cheaters confess because of the overwhelming guilt they feel. The cheaters are displaying:

A) denial
B) reaction formation
C) sublimation
D) rationalization

Question 78

My friend plays a very aggressive style of soccer and basketball. Although he insists he just likes the game, I suspect his aggressive urges stem from his highly competitive relationship with his father. My friend is satisfying his aggressive drive through the defense mechanism of:

A) denial
B) reaction formation
C) sublimation
D) rationalization

Question 79

Behavioral patterns in intimate relationships and the motivational, cognitive, and affective processes that produce them are studied by:

A) object relations theorists
B) psychodynamic theorists
C) structural equation models
D) relational behaviorists

Question 80

I find that I am having trouble keeping a job. Plus, I have been through a number of relationships in the past few years. What theory best explains my behavior?

A) object relations
B) psychodynamic
C) relational
D) life history