Question 1

In many people with gastric ulcers,antibacterial drugs are often combined with proton pump inhibitors to help eliminate ________ infection as a potentiating factor in ulcer formation.&#10;A) h. pylori&#10;B) streptococcal&#10;C) e. coli&#10;D) girardia&#10;E) p. aeruginosa

Accepted Answer

H. pylori (Helicobacter pylori) infection is a common cause of gastric ulcers, and treatment with a combination of antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors can help to eradicate the infection and heal the ulcers. Streptococcal, E. coli, Giardia, and P. aeruginosa infections are not typically associated with gastric ulcers.

Question 2

Drugs such as cimetidine and ranitidine that selectively block histamine type 2 (H2)receptors on stomach parietal cells&#10;A) prevent the histamine-activated release of gastric acid&#10;B) are available only by prescription&#10;C) are known as antihistamines&#10;D) all of the above are true&#10;E) none of the above are true

Accepted Answer

Drugs such as cimetidine and ranitidine selectively block histamine type 2 (H2) receptors on stomach parietal cells, which prevents the histamine-activated release of gastric acid. Therefore, option A is true. Options B and C are not true, as these drugs are available both over-the-counter and by prescription, and they are not typically used as antihistamines.

Question 3

Proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole (Prilosec)and esomeprazole (Nexium)are useful in reducing gastric acid secretion because they&#10;A) contain a base that chemically neutralizes gastric acid&#10;B) block the effects of histamine on stomach H2 receptors&#10;C) inhibit the enzyme that secretes acid from gastric parietal cells into the lumen of the stomach&#10;D) inhibit the enzyme that transports sodium out of gastric parietal cells, and transports potassium into these cells&#10;E) none of the above are true; these drugs are not useful in reducing gastric acid secretion

Accepted Answer

Proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole and esomeprazole work by irreversibly inhibiting the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme found in the gastric parietal cells. This enzyme is responsible for secreting hydrogen ions into the lumen of the stomach, leading to the production of gastric acid. By inhibiting this enzyme, proton pump inhibitors effectively reduce the amount of acid secreted in the stomach, making them useful in the treatment of conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcers. Choice A is incorrect because proton pump inhibitors do not contain a base that chemically neutralizes gastric acid; they work at the cellular level to inhibit acid secretion. Choice B is incorrect because H2 receptor blockers such as ranitidine (Zantac) work by blocking the effects of histamine on stomach H2 receptors, not proton pump inhibitors. Choice D is incorrect because this describes the mechanism of action of potassium-competitive acid blockers (P-CABs) such as vonoprazan (Takeda), which are a newer class of acid-reducing drugs. Choice E is incorrect because proton pump inhibitors are indeed useful in reducing gastric acid secretion, as explained above.

Question 4

To improve the health and well-being of people with cystic fibrosis (CF),____ can be given to ____.&#10;A) digestant preparations that contain pancreatic enzymes and bile salts; improve digestion and absorption of nutrients&#10;B) products that contain deoxyribonuclease enzymes; decrease the viscosity of mucous in the respiratory tract&#10;C) glucocorticoids; decrease inflammation in the airway&#10;D) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; decrease inflammation in the airway&#10;E) all the above

Accepted Answer

All the options listed are treatments that can improve the health and well-being of people with cystic fibrosis. A) Digestant preparations help with nutrient absorption due to pancreatic insufficiency. B) Deoxyribonuclease enzymes reduce mucus viscosity, aiding in respiratory function. C) and D) Glucocorticoids and NSAIDs can help reduce inflammation in the airways, addressing a key issue in CF management.

Question 5

Daily or indiscriminate use of laxatives should be avoided because excessive use of these drugs can cause&#10;A) excessive loss of fluids and electrolytes&#10;B) irritation of the lower GI tract&#10;C) impairment of loss of normal mechanisms governing evacuation and defecation&#10;D) all of the above are true&#10;E) none of the above are true

Accepted Answer

Daily or indiscriminate use of laxatives can cause excessive loss of fluids and electrolytes, irritation of the lower GI tract, and impairment of normal mechanisms governing evacuation and defecation. Therefore, all of the above options are true.

Question 6

Natural and synthetic opioid drugs _____ gastrointestinal motility,and are therefore useful in treating _____.&#10;A) increase; diarrhea&#10;B) decrease; diarrhea&#10;C) increase; constipation&#10;D) decrease; constipation&#10;E) none of the above are true; opioids do not affect gastrointestinal motility

Accepted Answer

Opioid drugs decrease gastrointestinal motility, which can be beneficial in treating diarrhea by slowing down bowel movements.

Question 7

Most antacid medications contain a chemical base that neutalizes excess _____ ions in the stomach,thereby _____ intragastric pH.&#10;A) hydrogen; increasing&#10;B) hydrogen; decreasing&#10;C) sodium; increasing&#10;D) sodium; decreasing&#10;E) calcium; increasing

Accepted Answer

Antacid medications contain a chemical base that neutralizes excess hydrogen ions (H+) in the stomach, which increases the intragastric pH, making the stomach contents less acidic.

Question 8

Prolonged or excessive use of antacids should be avoided because&#10;A) these drugs can alter the metabolism of other drugs that rely on gastric acidity to activate the drug&#10;B) these drugs can affect the elimination of other drugs by altering urinary pH&#10;C) these drugs can cause other GI problems such as constipation or diarrhea&#10;D) all the above are true&#10;E) none of the above are true

Accepted Answer

Prolonged or excessive use of antacids can alter the metabolism of other drugs that rely on gastric acidity to activate the drug (A), can affect the elimination of other drugs by altering urinary pH (B), and can cause other GI problems such as constipation or diarrhea (C). Therefore, all of the above are true (D).

Deck 27: Gastrointestinal Drugs