Question 1

Osmosis refers to the special case of diffusion where the diffusing substance is&#10;A) a lipid soluble drug&#10;B) a non-lipid soluble drug&#10;C) a protein&#10;D) a carbohydrate&#10;E) water

Accepted Answer

Osmosis refers to the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration, which can occur even in the absence of a concentration gradient for solutes. Therefore, the best choice is E, water. The other choices, such as lipid or non-lipid soluble drugs, proteins, and carbohydrates, do not refer specifically to the process of osmosis.

Question 2

When crossing cell membranes,drugs will diffuse more readily through the lipid layer if they are&#10;A) non-lipid soluble&#10;B) in a neutral, nonionized form&#10;C) in a charged, ionized form&#10;D) large proteins

Accepted Answer

Non-polar, lipid-soluble molecules diffuse more readily through the lipid layer of the cell membrane. When drugs are in a neutral, nonionized form, they are more likely to be lipid-soluble and therefore able to cross the membrane. Charged or ionized forms may interact with the polar portions of the membrane and have difficulty crossing, while large proteins are unlikely to cross the membrane at all.

Question 3

The primary site for drug storage in the body is&#10;A) muscle&#10;B) bone&#10;C) skin&#10;D) adipose tissue&#10;E) the brain

Accepted Answer

Adipose tissue (also known as fat tissue) is the primary site for drug storage in the body. Many drugs are lipophilic (fat-loving) and can be stored in adipose tissue for long periods of time. This can lead to slow release of the drug back into the bloodstream, which can prolong its effects or even cause problems if the drug is toxic.

Question 4

All of the following are parenteral routes of drug administration EXCEPT the ____ route.&#10;A) oral&#10;B) inhalation&#10;C) injection&#10;D) topical&#10;E) transdermal

Accepted Answer

Oral administration is not a parenteral route of drug administration because it involves the ingestion of drugs through the mouth and digestive system. Parenteral routes bypass the digestive system and deliver drugs directly into the bloodstream.

Question 5

Iontophoresis,phonophoresis,and medicated patches all use the _____ route to administer drugs.&#10;A) oral&#10;B) inhalation&#10;C) injection&#10;D) transdermal&#10;E) rectal

Accepted Answer

Iontophoresis, phonophoresis, and medicated patches are all examples of transdermal drug administration routes. This involves the absorption of drugs through the skin and into the bloodstream, bypassing the need for oral or injection administration.

Question 6

A drug that has a volume of distribution of approximately 42 L will typically be&#10;A) bound extensively to plasma proteins&#10;B) retained in the bloodstream&#10;C) concentrated in the tissues&#10;D) stored in the liver and kidneys&#10;E) distributed uniformly throughout all of the body fluids

Accepted Answer

A volume of distribution of approximately 42 L suggests that the drug is distributed uniformly throughout all of the body fluids, as this volume approximates the total body water in an average adult.

Question 7

Drug developers are exploring nanotechnology (i.e.,the use of very small particles with specific physical properties)as a way to&#10;A) target and deliver drugs to specific tissues within the body&#10;B) facilitate drug absorption from the GI tract&#10;C) enable drugs to cross the blood brain barrier more easily&#10;D) all the above&#10;E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

Nanotechnology has the potential to target and deliver drugs to specific tissues within the body, increase drug absorption from the GI tract, and enable drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier more easily. Therefore, all the above options are correct.

Question 8

This first pass effect is of particular concern when drugs are administered&#10;A) topically&#10;B) by intravenous injection&#10;C) by subcutaneous injection&#10;D) by inhalation&#10;E) orally

Accepted Answer

The first pass effect refers to the metabolism of a drug by the liver before it enters systemic circulation. When drugs are administered orally, they must first pass through the liver before reaching the rest of the body, making them more susceptible to the first pass effect.

Question 9

The ______ effect occurs when drugs are transported initially to the liver where a significant amount of the drug may be metabolized and destroyed before the drug reaches its primary site of action.&#10;A) malabsorptive&#10;B) first pass&#10;C) Bohr&#10;D) bioequivalence&#10;E) pharmacodynamic

Accepted Answer

The first pass effect is a pharmacokinetic phenomenon that occurs after oral administration of drugs. During the absorption phase, drugs from the gastrointestinal tract are transported to the liver through the portal vein, where they may be metabolized and partially destroyed. This can significantly reduce the amount of drug that reaches the systemic circulation and its primary site of action. Therefore, drugs with high first-pass metabolism may require higher doses or alternative routes of administration to achieve therapeutic levels.

Question 10

The extent to which a drug reaches the systemic circulation is referred to as&#10;A) bioequivalence&#10;B) biotransformation&#10;C) bioavailability&#10;D) biodistribution&#10;E) last pass metabolism

Accepted Answer

Bioavailability refers to the amount of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation after administration. Bioequivalence refers to the comparison of the bioavailability of two different formulations of the same drug. Biotransformation refers to the chemical modification of a drug in the body, often to make it more easily excreted. Biodistribution refers to the movement of a drug throughout the body, including its accumulation in specific tissues. Last pass metabolism refers to the metabolism of a drug that occurs in the liver after it has been absorbed from the GI tract and before it reaches systemic circulation.

Question 11

Carrier specificity,expernditure of energy,and ability to transport substances against a concentration gradient are all characteristics of&#10;A) simple, passive diffusion&#10;B) facilitated diffusion&#10;C) active transport&#10;D) endocytosis&#10;E) exocytosis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Carrier specificity,expernditure of energy,and ability to transport...

Deck 2: Pharmacokinetics IDrug Administration,Absorption,and Distribution