Deck 3: Classification and Assessment of Abnormal Behavior

Question 1

The DSM is published by the ______.

A) World Health Organization
B) American Psychological Association
C) American Psychiatric Association
D) Mental Health Professionals Association

Answer 1

American Psychiatric Association

Question 2

The DSM is used to classify ______.

A) statistics
B) theoretical perspectives
C) social norms
D) mental disorders

Answer 2

mental disorders

Question 3

The DSM was introduced in ______.

A) 1892
B) 1922
C) 1952
D) 1982

Answer 3

1952

Question 4

In the DSM, mental disorders are classified on the basis of ______.

A) abnormal behavior patterns
B) their frequency within clinical populations
C) underlying theoretical mechanisms
D) their response rates to various treatment methods

Question 5

The text defines ______ as having difficulties in meeting responsibilities at work, within the family, and within society.

A) reliability
B) psychoparalysis
C) unusual behavior
D) impaired functioning

Question 6

Which of the following statements is a reason why it is important to classify abnormal behavior?

A) Important decisions are made on the basis of classification, including those related to therapy.
B) It allows mental health professionals to label people who engage in unpopular or different behaviors than the majority of a population.
C) The DSM classification helps clinicians use a consistent nomenclature when applying for research grants.
D) The DSM classification provides clients with a label that they can use for understanding their problems.

Question 7

Which statement is true?

A) DSM-5 is compatible with ICD-10.
B) DSM-5 is not compatible with ICD-10.
C) ICD-10 is more commonly used than the DSM-5 among American psychiatrists.
D) Most psychologists use the ICD-10 to verify diagnoses established with the DSM-5.

Question 8

The first modern theorist to develop a comprehensive model of classification based on the distinctive features, or "symptoms," associated with abnormal behavior patterns was ______.

A) Kraepelin
B) Hippocrates
C) Freud
D) Pinel

Question 9

Which of the following is considered an abnormal behavior pattern as defined by the DSM system?

A) experiencing a disappointment
B) engaging in behavior that is statistically deviant
C) experiencing significantly impaired functioning
D) accepting employment in an occupation that places one at possible personal risk of harm

Question 10

According to the text, the core of science is ______.

A) observation
B) classification
C) formation of hypotheses
D) communication

Question 11

Systems of classification of abnormal behavior date to ______.

A) ancient times
B) the Middle Ages
C) the Renaissance
D) the Reformation

Question 12

In "Jerry Has a Panic Attack on the Interstate," his diagnosis was arrived at by use of which assessment technique?

A) mental status exam
B) Rorschach Inkblot Test
C) MMPI-2
D) clinical interview

Question 13

In the Middle Ages, abnormal behaviors were classified according to ______ causes.

A) genetic and environmental
B) environmental and natural
C) demonic possession and natural
D) demonic possession and genetic

Question 14

Hippocrates' description of what he called "melancholia" is very similar to what we now call ______.

A) manic disorder
B) bipolar disorder
C) organic disorder
D) depression

Question 15

The DSM system is often criticized for relying too much on the _______ model of abnormal behavior.

A) psychodynamic
B) medical
C) sociocultural
D) social learning

Question 16

The most widely used diagnostic manual worldwide is the___________.

A) DSM-5
B) International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD)
C) World Health Organization classification of Mental Disorders (WHO-MD)
D) Physician's Desk Reference

Question 17

Hippocrates classified abnormal behaviors on the basis of his theory of ______.

A) demonology
B) humors
C) genetics
D) stress

Question 18

The DSM system, like the medical model, treats abnormal behaviors as _______________.

A) signs or symptoms of underlying disorders or pathologies
B) medical conditions that can be diagnosed through physical means
C) adaptations to a stressful culture
D) rigid personality adaptations

Question 19

Kirsten's father died 36 months ago and Kirsten continues to grieve. She is unable to function most days and decides to see a psychologist for help. Most likely, a
Psychologist would suggest that __________.

A) grieving is normal and Kirsten's behavior is nothing to be concerned about
B) Kirsten's extended grieving might be indicative of a mental disorder
C) Kirsten's grieving is normal and she need not be concerned because she will continue to grieve until she naturally resolves her loss
D) grieving is always a sign of a mental disorder

Question 20

The DSM system is largely an extension of the work of ______.

A) Pinel
B) Breuer
C) Freud
D) Kraepelin

Question 21

__________is a disorder occurring among American Indian groups and involves a preoccupation with ? death and with the "spirits" of the deceased.

A) Koro
B) Ghost spirit
C) Ghost sickness
D) Exorcism

Question 22

The psychiatric syndrome TKS is common in ______, but rare elsewhere.

A) Japan
B) Korea
C) India
D) South Africa

Question 23

One cultural-bound syndrome common to the US is _________.

A) ADHD
B) TKS
C) hair-picking
D) Anorexia Nervosa

Question 24

"Amok" is a disorder found primarily among ______ cultures.

A) Western industrialized
B) Sub-Saharan African
C) Middle East Islamic
D) Pacific Island

Question 25

"Ataque de nervios" is found among the ______ groups.

A) American Indian
B) Pacific Island
C) North African
D) Latin American

Question 26

The term "mental disorder" continues to be used in the DSM-5 because_____________.

A) the American Psychiatric Association, being physicians, prefers to view disorders from a medically oriented standpoint
B) its developers have not been able to agree on an appropriate substitute
C) revisions with the next edition, to be named DSM-5.1 will replace this terminology by 2016
D) the American Psychiatric Association felt that too many changes in the DSM would result in confusion among clinicians

Question 27

Two of the major changes in the DSM-5 include __________.

A) adding a dimensional component and a multiaxial component
B) removing a dimensional component and removing a multiaxial component
C) removing a dimensional component and adding a multiaxial component
D) adding a dimensional component and removing a multiaxial component

Question 28

The DSM-5 is organized into _____ general categories of mental disorders.

A) 10
B) 20
C) 40
D) 210

Question 29

______ is characterized by excessive fear that one may behave in ways that will embarrass or offend other people.

A) PTSD
B) TKS
C) ADD
D) MPD

Question 30

A culture-bound disorder characterized by a violent or aggressive outburst following a return to normal functioning is called ______.

A) ataque de nervios
B) amok
C) koro
D) boufee dilerante

Question 31

The DSM-5 is _______, not __________.

A) analytical; conceptual
B) categorical; descriptive
C) descriptive; explanatory
D) explanatory; conceptual

Question 32

A major difference between the DSM-5 and the previous version, the DSM-IV, is that the new ? version__________.

A) relies on medical procedure data such as the MRI for diagnosis
B) utilizes a multiaxial system whereas the older system does not
C) incorporates different diagnostic nomenclature for use with different cultural groups
D) dispenses with the multiaxial framework of the previous version.

Question 33

TKS affects primarily ______.

A) young Japanese men
B) young Japanese women
C) older Japanese men
D) older Japanese women

Question 34

Jack dreads blushing in front of others for fear that it will cause them embarrassment. Jack's disorder most closely resembles ______.

A) social phobia
B) generalized anxiety disorder
C) TKS
D) MPD

Question 35

Dissociative identity disorder is a culture-bound syndrome of _________.

A) Japan
B) the United States
C) Mexico
D) Nigeria

Question 36

_______ is a disorder affecting males, found principally in India, that involves an intense fear or anxiety ? over the loss of semen through nocturnal emissions, ejaculations, or excretion with urine.

A) Koro
B) Dhat Syndrome
C) Amok
D) Falling out

Question 37

The dimensional component of the DSM-5 gives the evaluator the opportunity to ________.

A) make yes-no judgments as to whether a person meets the criteria for a specific disorder or not
B) identify "shades of gray" when diagnosing
C) indicate when behaviors have a significant biological cause
D) indicate when behaviors have a significant psychological cause

Question 38

A ______ is a pattern of abnormal behavior that is found within only one or a few cultures.

A) cultural assessment of functioning
B) culture-bound syndrome
C) cultural diversion complex
D) sanism

Question 39

The DSM-5__________.

A) abandoned the categorical model
B) added a rating scale assessing the global assessment of functioning (GAF) of an individual
C) expanded on the multiaxial system of the DSM-IV
D) expanded the categorical model to include a dimensional component for many disorders

Question 40

______ is a term used in a number of countries in North Africa and the Middle East to describe the ? experience of spirit possession.

A) Dhat syndrome
B) Koro
C) Zhat
D) Zar

Question 41

"Koro" syndrome is found mainly in ______.

A) India
B) China
C) Brazil
D) the Caribbean

Question 42

Today, the most sound test of the validity of a diagnostic system is usually its correspondence with ______.

A) behavioral observations
B) maturational factors
C) elementary school records
D) treatment prognosis

Question 43

A disorder comprised of episodes of acute anxiety involving the fear that one's genitals are shrinking and retracting into the body is called ______.

A) dhat
B) boufee delirante
C) koro
D) zar

Question 44

A disorder affecting males that involves intense fear or anxiety over the loss of semen through nocturnal emissions, ejaculations, or through excretion with urine is called ______.

A) dhat
B) boufee delirante
C) zar
D) koro

Question 45

Persons who have specific phobias (such as fear of heights) are generally highly responsive to ______ techniques for reducing fears.

A) psychodynamic
B) Gestalt
C) humanistic
D) behavioral

Question 46

In psychological assessment, the consistency of a measure or diagnostic instrument or system is its ______.

A) validity
B) variance
C) reliability
D) coherence

Question 47

The term "diagnostic inflation" refers to __________.

A) the proliferation of new mental disorders in the DSM-5
B) the need to include additional mental disorders beyond what has already been added to the DSM-5
C) when therapists fabricate ("inflate") a client's symptoms to meet DSM-5 diagnostic criteria
D) when clients fabricate ("inflate") symptoms to meet DSM-5 diagnostic criteria

Question 48

Dhat syndrome is found principally in ______.

A) Asia
B) India
C) Africa
D) Indonesia

Question 49

"Zar" is found primarily in ______.

A) the Middle East
B) the Far East
C) the Caribbean
D) the Indian subcontinent

Question 50

New changes to the DSM-5 include reclassifying Asperger's disorder and autistic disorder under the general category of __________ .

A) childhood disintegrative disorders
B) autism spectrum disorder
C) attention-deficit disorders
D) pervasive developmental disorders

Question 51

Validity issues exist for ________ of the DSM diagnostic categories.

A) all
B) most
C) some
D) none

Question 52

In the DSM-5, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was moved to the _________.

A) existing category of Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders
B) existing category of Anxiety Disorders
C) new category of Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders
D) new category of Dissociative Disorders

Question 53

Substance Use and Addictive Behaviors is a new category in the DSM-5 and includes _______.

A) sexual addiction
B) binge eating disorder
C) impulse control disorders
D) pathological gambling

Question 54

Which of the following is a source of controversy over the DSM-5?

A) the lack of expansion of diagnosable disorders
B) the lack of changes in classification of mental disorders
C) changes in diagnostic criteria for particular disorders
D) the inclusion of additional addictive disorders

Question 55

A disorder characterized by periods of shouting, banging of the head against the wall, laughing, and crying as a result of spirit possession is known as ______.

A) zar
B) koro
C) dhat
D) amok

Question 56

"Ghost sickness" occurs mainly among ______.

A) Africans
B) Asians
C) Haitians
D) American Indians

Question 57

The DSM-5 classifies trichotillomania under the general category of __________.

A) obsessive compulsive and related disorders
B) impulse control disorders
C) anxiety disorders
D) personality disorders

Question 58

A term used in a number of countries to describe the experience of spirit possession is ______.

A) dhat
B) boufee delirante
C) koro
D) zar

Question 59

If various experts using a diagnostic system arrive at the same diagnosis when they evaluate the same cases, the diagnostic system may be considered ______.

A) practical
B) valid
C) legitimate
D) reliable

Question 60

Recent editions of the DSM have placed __________ emphasis on weighing cultural factors when assessing abnormal behavior compared to older editions.

A) greater
B) less
C) no
D) the same

Question 61

Vinnie gets on the bathroom scale every morning, and according to the scale he weighs about the same each time. If the scale is accurate, it can be said to have ______.

A) internal consistency
B) external consistency
C) construct validity
D) test-retest reliability

Question 62

Which of the following is a new mental disorder included in the DSM-5?

A) postmenstrual dysphoric disorder
B) binge eating disorder
C) conversion disorder
D) mild neurocognitive disorder

Question 63

Which of the following is one of the reasons why Allen Frances called the approval of the DSM-5 a "sad day for psychiatry"?

A) Expectable life challenges, such as mild cognitive changes or everyday forgetting in older adults, are now considered disorders.
B) Behavioral problems like repeated temper tantrums in children are now less likely to be considered disorders.
C) Potentially helpful medications are less likely to be used to treat newly labeled disorders in young children.
D) Changes in diagnostic practices lead to poorer patient care.

Question 64

______ is crucial for tests that are intended to measure single traits or construct dimensions.

A) Construct reliability
B) Internal consistency
C) Interrater reliability
D) Test-retest reliability

Question 65

Thomas Widiger feels clinical psychologists should have many reasons to dislike the DSM-5. Which of the following statements reflects one of his reasons to dislike the DSM-5?

A) The DSM-5 is under the control of a profession (psychiatry) with which clinical psychologists are in professional and economic competition.
B) The DSM-5 diagnoses are difficult to process through health insurance claims agents.
C) The utility of the DSM is diluted because it is available to the general public through bookstores and Internet sites.
D) The DSM-5 is too complex for most clinicians to use effectively.

Question 66

A measure of the consistency between different parts of a test is called ______.

A) construct reliability
B) internal consistency
C) interrater reliability
D) test-retest reliability

Question 67

Criticism that important decisions about the DSM-5 were shrouded in secrecy, failed to incorporate input from many leading researchers and scholars, and lacked supported by an adequate body of empirical research are criticisms that focus on the DSM-5's ___________ .

A) process of validation
B) process of development
C) process of revision
D) process of approval

Question 68

Criticism of the DSM-5 includes concerns that changes made in the set of symptoms or features for diagnosing autism spectrum disorder _________ .

A) will lead to overdiagnosis
B) will make it more difficult to conduct research on this population
C) may profoundly affect the number of children identified as suffering from autism and related disorders
D) may hinder communication between mental health professionals

Question 69

Two teachers are asked to use a behavioral rating scale to evaluate a child's aggressiveness, hyperactivity, ? and sociability. If both teachers rate the child in similar ways, one could assume that the behavioral rating? scale has__________.

A) good internal consistency
B) good interrater reliability
C) good construct validity
D) external consistency

Question 70

Dimensional assessment_____________.

A) allows clinicians to rate diagnostic categories as "present or absent"
B) allows clinicians to make judgments about the relative severity and frequency of disorders
C) allows clinicians to make judgments about the relative severity but not the frequency of disorders
D) allows clinicians to make judgments about the frequency but not the relative severity of disorders

Question 71

The major advantage of the DSM is ______.

A) its designation of specific diagnostic criteria
B) that it is based on a medical model of classification
C) its focus on categorizing mental disorders rather than describing behavioral strengths and weaknesses
D) the validity of the system

Question 72

Dr. Duan has diagnosed her client with bipolar disorder. Dr. Duan refers her client to new a therapist after the client moves to a distant town. The client's new therapist diagnoses the client with major depressive disorder. This lack of agreement between the two therapists who were evaluating the same behaviors would be considered ___________.

A) low construct reliability
B) low internal consistency
C) low interrater reliability
D) low test-retest reliability

Question 73

Which of the following is one of the three main approaches for demonstrating the validity of assessment techniques?

A) construct validity
B) internal consistency validity
C) multicultural validity
D) external validity

Question 74

The negative stereotyping of people who are identified as mentally ill is known as ______.

A) sanism
B) judgmental analysis
C) punitive nomination
D) reductionism

Question 75

Methods of assessment that yield similar results on separate occasions are said to have ______.

A) internal consistency
B) external consistency
C) test-retest reliability
D) interrater reliability

Question 76

One significant change in the DSM-5 that has been generally well received involves ____________ .

A) the emphasis on dimensional assessment across most categories of disorders
B) the changes in classification of mental disorders
C) the changes in diagnostic criteria for particular disorders
D) the process of the DSM-5's development

Question 77

Test-retest, interrater, and internal consistency are all types of ______.

A) validity
B) reliability
C) correlation
D) legitimacy

Question 78

The degree to which test instruments measure what they are intended to measure is known as ______.

A) reliability
B) stability
C) rigor
D) validity

Question 79

Jamal's client is presenting with symptoms consistent with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Jamal assesses for the severity and frequency of his client's anxiety and diagnoses him as having a mild symptoms of GAD as opposed to indicating that he definitely has GAD or definitely does not. Jamal's conceptualization of his client's disorder as a matter of degree rather than simply as being "present or absent" is consistent with________.

A) dynamic assessment
B) functional assessment
C) categorical assessment
D) dimensional assessment

Question 80

Which of the following is a common criticism against the current DSM system?

A) Listing specific diagnostic criteria makes the DSM less reliable than using more general criteria.
B) It fails to address milder impairments with a diagnostic label.
C) It categorizes mental illness to the exclusion of positive mental health.
D) The number of possible diagnostic categories has significantly decreased from that of the previous editions.