Deck 8: Consumer Culture

Question 1

Role expectations for a given role, such as a student or service provider, appear to be universal across cultures.

Answer 1

False
Role expectations for a given role often vary from culture to culture.

Question 2

Uncertainty avoidance is the extent to which a culture is uncomfortable with things that are ambiguous or unknown.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The masculinity CSV dimension captures distinctions existing in societies based on mannerisms typically associated with male assertiveness and control.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Cultural sanction refers to the penalties associated with performing a nongratifying or culturally inconsistent behavior.

Question 5

Long-term orientation reflects values consistent with Aristotle's philosophy and a prioritization of future reward over short-term benefits.

Question 6

Responsibility as a CSV means the extent to which people are expected to take care of themselves and their immediate family.

Question 7

Eating turkey on Thanksgiving in the United States is an example of a tradition.

Question 8

Women's traits tend to vary more from nation to nation than do those of men.

Question 9

Power distance is the extent to which authority and privilege are divided among different groups within society and the extent to which these facts of life are accepted by the people within the society.

Question 10

Consumer culture is commonly held societal beliefs that define what is socially gratifying.

Question 11

Generally, Western societies tend to be more collectivistic, whereas Eastern nations tend to be more individualistic.

Question 12

Rules that specify the appropriate behavior in a given situation within a specific culture are called cultural standards.

Question 13

Environmental factors are the physical characteristics that describe the physical environment and habitat of a particular place.

Question 14

The primary function of culture is to facilitate communication among members of that culture.

Question 15

Highly collective societies tend to live in extended families and be very loyal to groups from which they take their identity.

Question 16

Role expectations are the specific expectations that are associated with each type of person.

Question 17

Guanxi is the Chinese term for a way of doing business in which parties must first invest time and resources in getting to know one another and becoming comfortable with one another before consummating any important deal.

Question 18

Dostat is a phenomenon associated with long-term orientation and is the idea that when someone does a good deed for you, you are expected to return that good deed.

Question 19

Core societal values (CSV) represent a commonly agreed upon consensus about the most preferable ways of living within a society.

Question 20

Low-power-distance nations tend to be less egalitarian.

Question 21

Children generally become acculturated more quickly than adults.

Question 22

Assimilation is the process by which consumers come to learn a culture other than their natural, native culture.

Question 23

Reflection is a process of imitating others' behavior.

Question 24

Verbal communication refers to the transfer of information through either the literal spoken or written word.

Question 25

Ethnic grounding is the degree to which consumers feel a sense of belonging to the culture of their ethnic origins.

Question 26

Shaping is a socialization process by which consumers' behaviors slowly adapt to a culture through a series of rewards and sanctions.

Question 27

Translational parity exists when two phrases share the same precise meaning in two different cultures.

Question 28

Countries with relatively high CD scores are more similar and thus tend to value the same types of consumption experiences.

Question 29

CANZUS is an acronym that refers to the close similarity in values between Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United States.

Question 30

The quartet of institutions that are responsible for communicating the CSV through both formal and informal processes from one generation to another is: family, school, church, and media.

Question 31

Numerical equivalence refers to the state in which consumers are shown to use numbers to represent quantities the same way across cultures.

Question 32

Cultural distance represents how disparate one nation is from another in terms of their CSVs.

Question 33

Dialects are variations of a common language.

Question 34

Socialization involves learning through observation and the active processing of information about lived, everyday experience.

Question 35

Ethnocentrism is highly related to the concept of uncertainty avoidance.

Question 36

Culture is a learned process.

Question 37

Modeling is a form of observational learning.

Question 38

Enculturation represents the way a person learns his or her native culture.

Question 39

BRIC is an acronym that refers to the collective economies of Britain, Russia, India, and Canada.

Question 40

National imperialism is the belief among consumers that their ethnic group is superior to others and that the products that come from their native land are superior to other products.

Question 41

Etiquette represents the customary mannerisms consumers use in common social situations.

Question 42

Glocalization represents the idea that the marketing strategy may be global but the implementation of that strategy at the marketing tactics level should be local.

Question 43

An Asian consumer who responds to a sales appeal with "yes" is definitely indicating agreement and readiness to purchase.

Question 44

Just over five billion consumers live in India.

Question 45

The symbolic meaning of objects affects gift giving from culture to culture.

Question 46

Body language refers to the nonverbal communication cues signaled by somatic (controllable biological) responses.

Question 47

In most cultures, individuals committing crimes are punished in some way. These punishments are examples of cultural _____.

A) norms
B) roles
C) sanctions
D) penance
E) chastising

Question 48

Nonverbal communication is information passed through some nonverbal act.

Question 49

Penalties associated with performing a nongratifying or culturally inconsistent behavior are called cultural ______.

A) sanctions
B) norms
C) punishments
D) sentences
E) penance

Question 50

The term Chindia refers to the combined market and business potential of China and India.

Question 51

The consumer price index (CPI) gives an idea of the total size of the consumer market in each country in terms of total buying power.

Question 52

Rules that specify the appropriate behavior in a given situation within a specific culture are called cultural _____.

A) sanctions
B) beliefs
C) requirements
D) norms
E) roles

Question 53

Americans typically place a high value on time and timeliness.

Question 54

_____ refer to specific expectations that are associated with each type of person.

A) Role expectations
B) Cultural norms
C) Gender roles
D) Traditional roles
E) Natural roles

Question 55

Which of the following represents physical characteristics that describe the physical environment and habitat of a particular place?

A) terrestrial factors
B) environmental factors
C) physical factors
D) external factors
E) ecological factors

Question 56

What type of factors would influence hygiene habits of individuals living in a desert compared to those living where water is more plentiful?

A) environmental factors
B) ecological factors
C) physical factors
D) terrestrial factors
E) external factors

Question 57

In the United States, it is expected that people attending a funeral wear dark colors, but in Japan they are expected to wear white. These expectations regarding the appropriate behavior in a given situation are called cultural _____.

A) taboos
B) norms
C) standards
D) sanctions
E) roles

Question 58

The president of the United States is expected to act with diplomatic strength. This specific expectation can be described as the president's _____.

A) cultural norm
B) role expectation
C) traditional role
D) international stature
E) political role

Question 59

Consumer _____ can be thought of as commonly held societal beliefs that define what is socially gratifying.

A) norms
B) behavior
C) culture
D) sanctions
E) values

Question 60

All of the following are functions performed by culture EXCEPT _____.

A) giving meaning to objects
B) giving meaning to activities
C) lowering trade barriers between countries
D) facilitating communication
E) all of these choices are functions of culture

Question 61

BRIC is an acronym that refers to the collective economies of Brazil, Russia, India, and _____.

A) Canada
B) Chile
C) China
D) Czechoslovakia
E) Chad

Question 62

Mitch is a sales representative for Caterpillar, the world's largest manufacturer of heavy equipment. He is moving to China because of the rapid expansion in that country and the opportunity it offers Caterpillar. He is undergoing extensive training, however, because business is conducted differently in China compared to the U.S. For example, Mitch is learning that business people in China expect a salesperson to develop a relationship with them before they ever discuss business, which is a practice called _____.

A) renquing
B) hungchoi
C) guanxi
D) chow shi
E) tai chi

Question 63

A country high in which CSV is uncomfortable with things that are ambiguous or unknown?

A) femininity
B) uncertainty avoidance
C) power distance
D) short-term orientation
E) individualism

Question 64

The United States is a country where people place a high value on self-reliance, individual initiative, and personal achievement. Which of the following core societal value best describes the U.S.?

A) individualism
B) collectivism
C) isolationism
D) personalism
E) divisionism

Question 65

Which of the following represents how disparate one nation is from another in terms of their CSVs?

A) cultural distance
B) guanxi
C) dissociation score
D) cultural disparity measure
E) power distance

Question 66

In some countries, such as South Korea, it is very important for men to know the age of other men because age is associated with higher status and power. So it is not unusual for one man to ask another his age if it is not readily obvious who is older so that proper deference can be shown to the older of the two. Based on this information, South Korea would be classified as a high _____ culture.

A) individualistic
B) power distance
C) caste
D) uncertaintly avoidance
E) short-term orientation

Question 67

The 2011 Chinese New Year is the year of the rabbit. So many Chinese consumers are purchasing bunnies as pets, thinking they will bring luck and prosperity to them. Cultures in which superstitions and myths play a big role tend to be high on which CSV dimension?

A) femininity
B) power distance
C) individualism
D) short-term orientation
E) uncertainty avoidance

Question 68

_____ is the extent to which authority and privileges are divided among different groups within a society and the extent to which these facts of life are accepted by the people within the society.

A) Masculinity
B) Individuality
C) Collectivism
D) Power distance
E) Uncertainty avoidance

Question 69

In most Christian cultures, consumers exchange gifts at Christmas. This is an example of a(n) _____.

A) ecological factor
B) tradition
C) core societal value
D) cultural sanction
E) embedded behavior

Question 70

In _____ nations, those with less status must show deference to those with greater status.

A) individualistic
B) low uncertainty avoidance
C) high uncertainty avoidance
D) low-power-distance
E) high-power-distance

Question 71

Which of the following is the Chinese term for a way of doing business in which parties must first invest time and resources in getting to know one another and becoming comfortable with one another before consummating any important deal?

A) Guanxi
B) Dostat
C) Hungchoi
D) BRIC
E) Chow Shi

Question 72

Wei and her family live in Beijing, and a friend of her parents helped get her son into a prestigious school. These friends now expect renquing from Wei, which means she _____.

A) must pay these people a lump sum of money
B) must pay these people money during the time her son attends the school
C) is expected to return that good deed sometime in the future
D) must publicly announce the favor granted by her parents' friends
E) must give these people periodic reports of her son's progress in school

Question 73

Which of the following is a phenomenon associated with long-term orientation and is the idea that when someone does a good deed for you, you are expected to return that good deed?

A) reciprocity
B) renquing
C) guanxi
D) chow shi
E) tai chi

Question 74

Theo is looking at how different one nation is from another in terms of their CSVs and learned that the United States is very similar to Australia and the United Kingdom. The approach Theo is using is based on the concept of _____.

A) Guanxi
B) cultural distance
C) social distance
D) geographic distance
E) cultural differentiation

Question 75

Customs and accepted ways of structuring society are called _____.

A) sanctions
B) core societal values
C) traditions
D) cognitive behaviors
E) utilitarian values

Question 76

Which of the following refers to the extent to which an individual's life is intertwined with a large cohesive group?

A) individualism
B) collectivism
C) isolationism
D) pluralism
E) interactionism

Question 77

_____ represent a commonly agreed upon consensus about the most preferable ways of living within a society.

A) Cultural sanctions
B) Individualism
C) Collectivism
D) Core societal values (CSV)
E) Pluralism

Question 78

_____ reflects values consistent with Confucian philosophy and a prioritization of future rewards over short-term benefits.

A) Individualism
B) Collectivism
C) Power distance
D) Power longevity
E) Long-term orientation

Question 79

Jamal lives with his two brothers, their wives and children, and his parents. In his country, each family is expected to take care of other family members. Which of the following best describes Jamal's culture?

A) individualism
B) pluralism
C) collectivism
D) interdependent
E) self-reliant

Question 80

Which CSV dimension captures distinctions existing in societies based on mannerisms typically associated with male traits such as valuing assertiveness and control?

A) individualism
B) collectivism
C) masculinity
D) femininity
E) power distance