Question 1

As a member of the statewide oral health coalition, you are on a committee to review the statewide oral health surveillance system. The purpose is to make recommendations for a statewide oral health survey to be implemented as part of the statewide surveillance system.

-Data are needed on the periodontal status of the population. Which dental index is appropriate for this purpose?

A) Community Periodontal Index (CPI)
B) Gingivitis Index (GI) or Sulcus Bleeding Index (SBI)
C) Periodontal Disease Index (PDI)
D) Periodontal Screening Record (PSR)

Community Periodontal Index (CPI)

Accepted Answer

The CPI, developed by the World Health Organization, is used to measure periodontal status of a community and includes measures of loss of attachment, bleeding, gingival appearance, and calculus. It is an adaptation of the previously used Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) involving elimination of the treatment need codes from the CPITN because they no longer reflect contemporary theories of periodontal disease. The PSR was developed by the American Dental Association for screening in the clinical setting based on the CPITN. The PDI was designed for research purposes and is no longer used today. Because it combined measures of reversible and irreversible disease within the same index, it also no longer reflects contemporary theories of periodontal disease. Some dental indices are designed with detailed criteria for use in oral health research rather than surveillance. The detail of criteria present in the GI, SBI, and other bleeding indices is not required for surveillance purposes.

Question 2

As a member of the statewide oral health coalition, you are on a committee to review the statewide oral health surveillance system. The purpose is to make recommendations for a statewide oral health survey to be implemented as part of the statewide surveillance system.

-What is the data source for surveillance data on oral and pharyngeal cancer in the United States?

A) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
B) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program
C) National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)
D) Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors (ASTDD)

Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program

Accepted Answer

The National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute SEER Program is involved in collecting data for the entire U.S. population on the occurrence of oral and pharyngeal cancer. The NHANES is a national survey that collects data to track progress on many of the Healthy People 2020 objectives and oral health indicators but not the prevalence or incidence of oral and pharyngeal cancer. The NHIS is a national interview survey in which data are collected relative to access to dental care, tooth loss, and oral health-related quality of life. The ASTDD routinely prepares Annual Synopses of State and Territorial Dental Public Health Programs that include data on state surveillance systems and infrastructure of state, local, and tribal dental public health programs; the ASTDD does not collect data on the status of oral diseases.

Question 3

As a member of the statewide oral health coalition, you are on a committee to review the statewide oral health surveillance system. The purpose is to make recommendations for a statewide oral health survey to be implemented as part of the statewide surveillance system.

-A state surveillance system should provide data to monitor progress within the state relative to the national oral health objectives and National Oral Health Surveillance System (NOHSS) oral health indicators. The Surgeon General's Report Oral Health in America can be reviewed for the national oral health objectives.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.

Accepted Answer

The national oral health objectives outlined in Healthy People 2020 provide a framework to develop oral health assessments at the state and local levels for the purpose of surveillance. Developed in 2010, it includes baseline data for each objective that reflect the oral health indicators used to measure success of the objectives. As new data become available on the status of the oral diseases and related conditions reflected in the objectives, the website is updated to allow progress on these objectives to be monitored. These new data are provided in part by state surveillance systems. On the other hand, the Surgeon General's Report Oral Health in America was released in 2000 and was the first national report to acknowledge the importance of oral health to overall health, to describe the oral health disparities in our nation, and to emphasize the need for public health programs to address dental disease in the population. This and subsequent reports have laid the foundation for developing the nation's oral health objectives each decade within the Healthy People initiative.

Question 4

As a member of the statewide oral health coalition, you are on a committee to review the statewide oral health surveillance system. The purpose is to make recommendations for a statewide oral health survey to be implemented as part of the statewide surveillance system.

-A state surveillance system should provide data to monitor progress within the state relative to the national oral health objectives and National Oral Health Surveillance System (NOHSS) oral health indicators. The Surgeon General's Report Oral Health in America can be reviewed for the national oral health objectives.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.

Accepted Answer

In actuality, a limited infrastructure, insufficient funding, and public health workforce shortages will provide major challenges for oral health surveillance in the future. High-quality surveillance requires a consistent workforce with public health knowledge and skills. The availability of sufficient resources to federal, state, and local agencies is critical to ensure that oral health surveillance systems can be maintained, continue to mature, and be linked at the national, state, and local levels. Other answers are accurate statements in relation to future considerations. Oral health surveillance is changing in response to the ACA provisions, changes in technology and other factors in dentistry, and the need for cost-effective ways to accomplish oral health surveillance.

Question 5

As a member of the statewide oral health coalition, you are on a committee to review the statewide oral health surveillance system. The purpose is to make recommendations for a statewide oral health survey to be implemented as part of the statewide surveillance system.

-What is the data source for surveillance data on oral and pharyngeal cancer in the United States?

A) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
B) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program
C) National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)
D) Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors (ASTDD)

Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program

Accepted Answer

The NOHSS oral health indicators are caries experience, untreated tooth decay, dental treatment needs, complete tooth loss and loss of six or more teeth, oral and pharyngeal cancer, dental visits, preventive dental visits, dental treatment visits, dental sealants, teeth cleaning, water fluoridation, and percentage of school-based health centers that provide sealants, dental treatment services, and topical fluoride. The various types of dental visits reflected in the NOHSS oral health indicators are combined into one LHI. The single oral health LHI is to increase the proportion of children, adolescents, and adults who used the oral health care system in the past year; the target for this LHI is 49% by 2020.

Question 6

As a member of the statewide oral health coalition, you are on a committee to review the statewide oral health surveillance system. The purpose is to make recommendations for a statewide oral health survey to be implemented as part of the statewide surveillance system.

-What is the data source for surveillance data on oral and pharyngeal cancer in the United States?

A) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
B) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program
C) National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)
D) Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors (ASTDD)

Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program

Accepted Answer

Increasing the surveillance systems for OPC is not a Healthy People 2020 objective; the current surveillance systems for OPC are adequate. However, an objective exists to increase the screening for OPC in dental offices to be able to identify lesions in the early stage to increase survival rates. Healthy People 2020 objectives relative to surveillance are to increase referrals of infants and children with cleft lips and cleft palates to craniofacial anomaly rehabilitative teams and to increase the number of states that have an oral and craniofacial health surveillance system. An objective addresses the reduction of moderate to severe periodontitis in adults and older adults, and several objectives address the reduction of dental caries experience and untreated tooth decay in children, adolescents, and adults. Another objective is that oral health professionals in dental offices increase counseling on the reduction of tobacco use or cessation and increase testing or referral for glycemic control. Other objectives relate to increasing dental sealants in preschool- and school-age children; reducing complete and partial tooth loss in adults; increasing preventive and restorative care in children, adolescents, and adults; increasing water fluoridation; and increasing the use of oral health professionals with public health training as directors of state, local, and tribal oral health governmental agencies and programs.

Question 7

What term can be defined as &#34;a desirable goal and standard that entails special efforts to improve health of those who have experienced social or economic disadvantage?&#34;&#10;A)Health disparity&#10;B)Determinants of health&#10;C)Health equity&#10;D)Healthy lifestyle

Accepted Answer

Health equity is a desirable goal and standard that entails special efforts to improve health of those who have experienced social or economic disadvantage.

Question 8

The ASTDD developed which of the following surveys that provides for basic oral health screenings among preschool and school children, as well as older adults?&#10;A)Basic Screening Survey&#10;B)Advanced Screening Survey&#10;C)Behavioral Screening Survey&#10;D)Oral Health Survey

Accepted Answer

The ASTDD developed the Basic Screening Survey (BSS) for basic oral health screenings among preschool and school children, as well as older adults.

Question 9

The _______ is an important system of oral health data sources used for the purpose of surveillance.&#10;A)National Health Equity Surveillance System (NHESS)&#10;B)National Oral Disparity Surveillance System (NODS)&#10;C)National Oral Health Surveillance System (NOHSS)&#10;D)National Oral Health System of Surveillance and Improvement (NOHSSI)

Accepted Answer

The National Oral Health Surveillance System (NOHSS) is an important system of oral health data sources used for the purpose of surveillance.

Question 10

This initiative of the CDC is a major source for assessment and surveillance data. It is a program of studies designed to provide a comprehensive assessment of the health and nutritional status of adults and children in the U.S.

A)National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
B)National Health and Diet Survey
C)National Balanced Diet and Health Survey
D)National Nutritional Data Survey

Accepted Answer

A major data source for assessment and surveillance data is the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), an initiative of the CDC. The NHANES is a program of studies designed to provide a comprehensive assessment of the health and nutritional status of adults and children in the U.S.

Question 11

Selection of data collection methods and measures for community oral health assessment should be based on information of interest, social and demographic factors of the population and community, and:&#10;A)discussion points among key group.&#10;B)biologic factors.&#10;C)genetic information.&#10;D)the purpose of the assessment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Selection of data collection methods and measures...

Question 12

General types of tooth decay can be categorized into two types: coronal and what other type?&#10;A)Root surface&#10;B)Top surface&#10;C)Crown surface&#10;D)Molars

Accepted Answer

The answer of General types of tooth decay can be...

Question 13

For preschool-age children, a detailed reporting of dental caries can be accomplished with the _____________ classification system.&#10;A)early childhood cavity&#10;B)early childhood caries&#10;C)preschool-aged caries&#10;D)preschool-aged cavity

Accepted Answer

The answer of For preschool-age children, a detailed reporting of...

Question 14

The __________ is a common index that can be used to score root caries in a survey with an epidemiologic examination when more precise data are required.&#10;A)Cavity Identification System&#10;B)Caries Identification System&#10;C)Root Caries Index&#10;D)Root System Index

Accepted Answer

The answer of The __________ is a common index that...

Question 15

Which periodontal disease is characterized by localized inflammation, swelling, and bleeding of the soft tissues surrounding a tooth (but does not involve loss of connective tissue or bone support)?&#10;A)Malocclusion&#10;B)Oral cancer&#10;C)Periodontitis&#10;D)Gingivitis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which periodontal disease is characterized by localized...

Question 16

What is the biggest risk factor for oral and pharyngeal cancer?&#10;A)Tobacco&#10;B)Alcohol&#10;C)Sugar&#10;D)Caffeine

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the biggest risk factor for...

Deck 4: Measuring Oral Health Status and Progress