Question 1

As the Community Oral Health instructor in a dental hygiene educational program, you are approached by the director of a local Head Start program in your community regarding collaboration on student community oral health projects. This is a combined Head Start and Early Head Start program. The community water supply in your area has a natural fluoride level of 0.9 mg of fluoride per liter of water.

-What is the appropriate decision based on interpretation of the data related to the fluoridation status of this community?

A) The fluoride content is optimal; no action is required.
B) The fluoride content is insufficient; fluoride needs to be added to the water supply to bring it to the optimal level.
C) The fluoride content is slightly excessive; no action is required.
D) The fluoride level is dangerously high; defluoridation should be recommended.

The fluoride content is slightly excessive; no action is required.

Accepted Answer

Ideal levels of fluoridation are achieved by adjusting the amount of fluoride to obtain the optimal concentration of 0.7 mg per gallon of water, according to the final revised optimal fluoride recommendation issued by the Public Health Service in 2015. Although 0.9 mg of fluoride is slightly above the optimal level, no action is required. If the fluoride level reaches 2 mg, defluoridation is recommended, and if it reaches 4 mg, defluoridation is required, according to the Environmental Protection Agency guidelines.

Question 2

As the Community Oral Health instructor in a dental hygiene educational program, you are approached by the director of a local Head Start program in your community regarding collaboration on student community oral health projects. This is a combined Head Start and Early Head Start program. The community water supply in your area has a natural fluoride level of 0.9 mg of fluoride per liter of water.

-As you plan an oral health program for the Head Start facility, you formulate plans to conduct formative and summative program evaluation. Formative evaluation is used to evaluate program outcomes at the end of the program, the results of which can be used to determine if the program was successful and possibly to improve the program in the future. Summative evaluation consists of reviewing plans and strategies during the conduct of the community oral health program to allow for adjustments that can improve the program.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Both statements are false.

Accepted Answer

The opposite is true for these two statements. Formative evaluation is conducted during the process of a program to provide information that can be used to make adjustments to the program to improve outcomes. Summative evaluation is conducted at the end of the program to measure outcomes. Results of summative evaluation can be used to make decisions about continuation of a program; a program can be continued as is, changes can be made to improve future outcomes, or a program can be terminated. Formative and summative evaluation is applied to the assessment process (see Chapter 3) as well as to a community oral health program.

Question 3

As the Community Oral Health instructor in a dental hygiene educational program, you are approached by the director of a local Head Start program in your community regarding collaboration on student community oral health projects. This is a combined Head Start and Early Head Start program. The community water supply in your area has a natural fluoride level of 0.9 mg of fluoride per liter of water.

-All of the following can form the basis to justify selection of oral health programs for this population. Which one is the least important?

A) Oral health objectives outlined in Healthy People 2020
B) Best practices approaches for community oral health programs
C) Needs assessment accomplished with this population
D) Continuation of existing programs to provide continuity

Continuation of existing programs to provide continuity

Accepted Answer

Healthy People 2020 objectives provide a guide for community oral health program planning by establishing national priorities for dental public health problems that are identified in our nation. Responsible dental public health practice necessitates the use of best practices when selecting, planning, and implementing community oral health programs to ensure maximum safety, effectiveness, and efficiency. One of these best practices is to base program decisions on national public health priorities. Another best practice is to use the community oral health planning process, which includes comprehensive assessment, including assessment of oral health needs, as the first step. Continuation of existing programs can provide continuity, but if not based on evaluation of outcomes, continual assessment, national health priorities, and sound evidence-based decision making, it can mean continuing to use outdated and ineffective approaches.

Question 4

As the Community Oral Health instructor in a dental hygiene educational program, you are approached by the director of a local Head Start program in your community regarding collaboration on student community oral health projects. This is a combined Head Start and Early Head Start program. The community water supply in your area has a natural fluoride level of 0.9 mg of fluoride per liter of water.

-All of the following can form the basis to justify selection of oral health programs for this population. Which one is the least important?

A) Oral health objectives outlined in Healthy People 2020
B) Best practices approaches for community oral health programs
C) Needs assessment accomplished with this population
D) Continuation of existing programs to provide continuity

Continuation of existing programs to provide continuity

Accepted Answer

As licensed professionals, dental hygienists are a valuable resource to Head Start programs. They can be involved in all phases of an oral health program in a Head Start program. Their services can potentially include providing and coordinating screenings, preventive services, education, and referral for treatment; assisting in the coordination of follow-up care; providing leadership for the health services advisory committee; and advocating for the Head Start children and families. Secondary and tertiary preventive services are typically not provided by a Head Start program. Rather, establishing dental homes is required by Head Start to ensure ongoing care for the children after they leave the Head Start program. Daily brushing by children at school and oral health education for children and parents are additional requirements of Head Start programs.

Question 5

As the Community Oral Health instructor in a dental hygiene educational program, you are approached by the director of a local Head Start program in your community regarding collaboration on student community oral health projects. This is a combined Head Start and Early Head Start program. The community water supply in your area has a natural fluoride level of 0.9 mg of fluoride per liter of water.

-All of the following can form the basis to justify selection of oral health programs for this population. Which one is the least important?

A) Oral health objectives outlined in Healthy People 2020
B) Best practices approaches for community oral health programs
C) Needs assessment accomplished with this population
D) Continuation of existing programs to provide continuity

Continuation of existing programs to provide continuity

Accepted Answer

The intent of oral health education is to assist people in making decisions about their oral health and to choose behaviors conducive to maintaining this health. Information presented should be practical and understandable rather than technical. Oral health education should focus on intervention, skill acquisition, and adoption of evidence-based risk-reducing behaviors. It should be based on sound health promotion and health education theory to take into account the various factors, including social factors, attitudes, and the environment, that influence these decisions and affect the outcomes of oral health education.

Question 6

As the Community Oral Health instructor in a dental hygiene educational program, you are approached by the director of a local Head Start program in your community regarding collaboration on student community oral health projects. This is a combined Head Start and Early Head Start program. The community water supply in your area has a natural fluoride level of 0.9 mg of fluoride per liter of water.

-All of the following can form the basis to justify selection of oral health programs for this population. Which one is the least important?

A) Oral health objectives outlined in Healthy People 2020
B) Best practices approaches for community oral health programs
C) Needs assessment accomplished with this population
D) Continuation of existing programs to provide continuity

Continuation of existing programs to provide continuity

Accepted Answer

The ASTDD describes best practices for community oral health programs on its website and highlights successful community prevention programs by state. The ADA, ADHA, and AAPD do not focus on best practices for community oral health programs. The ADA has information on the dental profession, access to care, dental insurance, and prevention of oral diseases. ADHA has information on dental hygiene practice, alternative practice, workforce models, and supervision levels, as well as the ethical code and standards of practice for dental hygiene. AAPD has information on dental homes, dental caries, and preventive strategies.

Question 7

As the Community Oral Health instructor in a dental hygiene educational program, you are approached by the director of a local Head Start program in your community regarding collaboration on student community oral health projects. This is a combined Head Start and Early Head Start program. The community water supply in your area has a natural fluoride level of 0.9 mg of fluoride per liter of water.

-All of the following can form the basis to justify selection of oral health programs for this population. Which one is the least important?

A) Oral health objectives outlined in Healthy People 2020
B) Best practices approaches for community oral health programs
C) Needs assessment accomplished with this population
D) Continuation of existing programs to provide continuity

Continuation of existing programs to provide continuity

Accepted Answer

Fluoride varnish programs are more effective than fluoride rinse and supplement programs and can be implemented easily in elementary schools, Head Start and similar preschool programs, and early Head Start programs that serve children who are at high risk for dental caries. School-based fluoride mouthrinse and supplement programs require greater involvement and cooperation of school personnel. Non-school-based programs introduce the problems of access and lack of compliance. Because of these factors and because of the greater availability of water fluoridation, these programs are less common in the United States, and fluoride varnish programs have become more popular. Fluoride varnish programs are critical in nonfluoridated communities, but they have value also in fluoridated communities for populations such as this one, in which individuals are at high risk for dental caries. When the community water supply is fluoridated, a fluoride varnish programs adds a topical program to further decrease the incidence of dental caries, taking advantage of the greater benefit that comes from combining fluoride programs. In this case, a fluoride supplement program is also not indicated because combining two systemic programs (water with optimal fluoride content and fluoride supplements) will provide too much systemic fluoride and increase the risk of fluorosis in this age group. Because fluoridated toothpaste is so readily available to the population, its distribution is not a cost-effective way to spend funds allocated for community oral health programs. If donated by manufacturers, there can be value in its distribution to reinforce the need to use fluoridated toothpaste and the value of using ADA-approved products.

Question 8

What is the term for a diverse group of individuals, organizations, and agencies that unite to reach a common goal?&#10;A)Agency&#10;B)Association&#10;C)Coalition&#10;D)Partnership

Accepted Answer

A coalition is a diverse group of individuals, organizations, and agencies that unite to reach a common goal.

Question 9

What is the first step in the program planning process for public health practice?&#10;A)Select and plan effective interventions.&#10;B)Identify the primary health issues.&#10;C)Implement selected interventions.&#10;D)Develop a measurable process.

Accepted Answer

The first step in the program planning process for public health practice is to identify the primary health issues.

Question 10

What is the term for a broadly based ambitious statement of the impact of interventions?&#10;A)Goals&#10;B)Objectives&#10;C)Concerns&#10;D)Outcomes

Accepted Answer

Goals are broadly based ambitious statements of the impact of the interventions, from which specific objectives are developed.

Question 11

When coming up with SMART + C objectives, what does the R stand for?&#10;A)Realistic&#10;B)Relevant&#10;C)Real-world&#10;D)Randomized

Accepted Answer

The answer of When coming up with SMART + C...

Question 12

The __________ phase of a program includes the ongoing process of putting the plan into action and monitoring the plan's activities, personnel, equipment, resources, and supplies.&#10;A)planning&#10;B)researching&#10;C)implementation&#10;D)analyzing

Accepted Answer

The answer of The __________ phase of a program includes...

Question 13

The first city in the U.S. to adjust the fluoride content in the community water supply was:&#10;A)Chicago, Illinois.&#10;B)Madison, Wisconsin.&#10;C)Boca Raton, Florida.&#10;D)Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first city in the U.S. to...

Question 14

__________ are opponents of community water fluoridation.&#10;A)Fluoridationists&#10;B)Antifluoridationists&#10;C)Antifluoridizers&#10;D)Contrafluoridationists

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ are opponents of community water fluoridation.&#10;A)Fluoridationists&#10;B)Antifluoridationists&#10;C)Antifluoridizers&#10;D)Contrafluoridationists...

Question 15

The process of teaching people about oral health directed at helping them prevent oral disease is known as what?&#10;A)Oral health knowledge&#10;B)Oral health education&#10;C)Oral health literacy&#10;D)Oral health indicators

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process of teaching people about oral...

Question 16

What program was founded in 1965 as part of President Johnson's War on Poverty; it is designed to break the cycle of poverty by providing a comprehensive early learning program for preschool-age children of low-income families?

A)School-based oral health program
B)Miles of Smiles
C)Head Start
D)SmilesMaker

Accepted Answer

The answer of What program was founded in 1965 as...

Question 17

What key government act was passed in 2010 that has stimulated new approaches to improving access to dental care for children?&#10;A)The Oral Health Act&#10;B)The Patient Oral Health and Disparities Act&#10;C)The Federal Oral Health Act&#10;D)The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

Accepted Answer

The answer of What key government act was passed in...

Deck 6: Oral Health Programs in the Community