Deck 43: Cardiovascular Disease

Question 1

Hypertension is a persistent elevation of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels at or above _____ mm Hg.

A) 130/85
B) 135/90
C) 140/90
D) 150/95

Answer 1

140/90

Question 2

The medication of choice to alleviate angina pectoris is:

A) Procardia.
B) nitroglycerin.
C) Vasotec.
D) digitalis.

Answer 2

nitroglycerin.

Question 3

Mrs. Jones is a new client in the practice. Upon completing the medical history assessment, it is apparent that she was treated for a myocardial infarction 3 months ago. What is the appropriate decision concerning dental hygiene care?

A) The client should be asked to use her nitroglycerin tablets sublingually if angina pain is experienced.
B) The client should receive prophylactic antibiotic premedication before invasive dental hygiene therapy.
C) The client should be checked for her prothrombin time to be sure that it is in the range of normal.
D) Dental hygiene care should be postponed until the individual is 6 months or more postinfarction with no complications.

Answer 3

Dental hygiene care should be postponed until the individual is 6 months or more postinfarction with no complications.

Question 4

Mr. Smith is a new client in the practice. Upon completing the medical history assessment, it is apparent that he may have unstable angin a. He is experiencing frequent angina pain even while reading the newspaper in the morning. What is the appropriate decision concerning dental hygiene care?

A) The client should be asked to use his nitroglycerin tablets sublingually if angina pain is experienced.
B) The client should receive prophylactic antibiotic premedication before invasive dental hygiene therapy.
C) The client should be checked for his prothrombin time to be sure that it is in the range of normal.
D) The client should be immediately referred to his physician or cardiologist because he is at high risk for a medical emergency. Care is postponed.

Question 5

Clients receiving antihypertensive drug therapy may experience all of the following except:

A) orthostatic hypotension.
B) xerostomia.
C) metallic taste.
D) fatigue.

Question 6

Appointment guidelines for an individual with congestive heart failure include all of the following except:

A) upright client positioning to decrease collection of fluid in the lungs.
B) limited use of ultrasonic instrumentation.
C) nutritional counseling regarding reduction of sodium intake.
D) use of nitrous oxide-oxygen analgesia.

Question 7

Essential steps taken as part of professional dental hygiene care to prevent infective endocarditis include all of the following except:

A) identify high-risk individuals by accurately reviewing the client's health history and questioning the client during assessment.
B) direct the client to use a preprocedural antimicrobial rinse before tissue manipulation.
C) ensure that prophylactic antibiotic premedication is administered 1 hour before invasive dental or dental hygiene procedures.
D) administer a postoperative dose of the prophylactic antibiotic.

Question 8

Atherosclerosis, a narrowing of the lumen of the coronary arteries, will most likely result in all of the following conditions except:

A) myocardial infarction.
B) angina pectoris.
C) mitral valve prolapse.
D) coronary insufficiency.

Question 9

Rheumatic heart disease is the result of:

A) streptococcal pharyngeal infection.
B) infective endocarditis.
C) high fever.
D) Staphylococcus infection.

Question 10

A pulse rate of 150 beats per minute indicates:

A) normal pulse rate.
B) tachycardia.
C) bradycardia.
D) atrial fibrillation.

Question 11

Appointment guidelines for an individual with coronary heart disease indicate that dental hygiene care be:

A) conducted in short morning appointments to help control environmental stress.
B) postponed until the individual is 6 months or more postinfarction.
C) designed to address the client's need regarding lifestyle changes and periodontal disease status.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 12

An irregularity of the auditory heartbeat caused by a turbulent flow of blood through a valve that has failed to close is known as:

A) rheumatic heart disease.
B) heart murmur.
C) endocarditis.
D) mitral valve prolapse.

Question 13

Clients with sustained elevation of blood pressure are at risk for:

A) myocardial infarction.
B) cerebrovascular accident.
C) kidney failure.
D) none of the above.

Question 14

The following are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. One of the risk factors is nonmodifiable; the remaining risk factors are modifiable. Which risk factor is nonmodifiable?

A) Professional stresses
B) Gender
C) Tobacco use
D) Obesity
E) Diet high in saturated fats

Question 15

Primary hypertension is also known as idiopathic hypertension. It is the result of an existing disease, such as those of the cardiovascular system, renal system, adrenal glands, or neurologic system.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Question 16

What is the most frequently occurring valvular heart defect that can result in cardiovascular damage?

A) Mitral valve prolapse
B) Heart murmur
C) Endocarditis
D) Rheumatic heart disease

Question 17

All of the following medications may be prescribed as an anticoagulant to persons with valvular heart defects except:

A) heparin.
B) ibuprofen.
C) warfarin.
D) indanedione derivatives.

Question 18

The result of insufficient blood flow from the coronary arteries into the heart or myocardium is known as:

A) rheumatic heart disease.
B) coronary heart disease.
C) angina pectoris.
D) myocardial infarction.

Question 19

Clients at risk for infective endocarditis include those with all of the following except:

A) previous history of endocarditis.
B) artificial heart valves.
C) recent myocardial infarction.
D) heart transplant.

Question 20

The following are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. One of the risk factors is modifiable; the remaining risk factors are nonmodifiable. Which risk factor can be modified by the motivated client?

A) Age
B) Race
C) Gender
D) Oral contraceptives

Question 21

An increase in blood pressure may be related to obesity and stress. Control of associated risk factors may alleviate the client's condition without taking medications.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Question 22

Which would be the most likely consequence of the client's delay in taking a sublingual dose of nitroglycerin?

A) Angina attack
B) Myocardial infarction
C) Atrial fibrillation
D) Hypertensive reaction

Question 23

Which of the following would not contribute to coronary heart disease?

A) Diet high in cholesterol, fat, and sodium
B) Tobacco use
C) Age
D) Caffeine consumption

Question 24

The most common type of closed heart surgery is:

A) angioplasty.
B) coronary bypass surgery.
C) valvular defect repair.
D) both a and b.

Question 25

Clients with congestive heart failure will report all of the following symptoms except:

A) dyspnea on exertion.
B) shortness of breath on lying supine.
C) cough.
D) pain in the chest.

Question 26

What does the term infarction of heart muscle refer to?

A) Irregular heartbeat
B) Necrosis of an area of tissue
C) Sharp pain in heart muscle
D) Enlargement of the heart

Question 27

A syndrome characterized by myocardial dysfunction that leads to diminished cardiac output or abnormal circulatory congestion is known as:

A) congestive heart failure.
B) atherosclerosis.
C) coronary heart disease.
D) patent ductus arteriosus.

Question 28

What is the most frequent form of heart disease leading to death?

A) Congenital heart disease
B) Congestive heart failure
C) Coronary heart disease
D) Valvular heart disease

Question 29

When a client is taking prophylactic antibiotic premedication for the prevention of infective endocarditis, it is in the client's best interest if therapeutic scalings are scheduled in longer periods and as close together as possible. Prolonged antibiotic coverage could result in overdose.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Question 30

An electronic stimulator used to send electrical currents to the myocardium to control or maintain the heart rate is known as a cardiac pacemaker or intracardiac device. Cardiac pacemakers vary in their sensitivity to electrical interferences that may alter or cease their function.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.