Deck 13: Schizophrenia And Other Psychotic Disorders

Question 1

Which of the following is the definition of dementia praecox?

A) Silly and immature behavior
B) Early madness
C) Alternating immobility and agitated excitement
D) Delusions of grandeur or persecution

Answer 1

Early madness

Question 2

Eugen Bleuler's concept of schizophrenia as an "associative splitting" of the basic functions of personality led to the incorrect use of the term to mean

A) a fugue state.
B) multiple personality.
C) cognitive slippage.
D) folie à deux.

Answer 2

multiple personality.

Question 3

Which of the following is the best description of schizophrenia?

A) Schizophrenia is characterized by symptoms common to everyone with the diagnosis.
B) Schizophrenia is characterized by multiple personalities.
C) Schizophrenia is characterized by behavior and symptoms that aren't necessarily common to everyone with the diagnosis.
D) The course of schizophrenia is always predictable.

Answer 3

Schizophrenia is characterized by behavior and symptoms that aren't necessarily common to everyone with the diagnosis.

Question 4

Which of the following is accurate in regard to the long-term outlook for schizophrenic patients?

A) About 50% of people diagnosed with the disorder eventually recover.
B) Recovery is possible only if the person stays on medication.
C) Recovery is possible only if the patient receives psychotherapy.
D) Complete recovery from schizophrenia is rare.

Question 5

According to statistical data,the prevalence of schizophrenia is about ________.

A) .01%
B) 1%
C) 5%
D) 10%

Question 6

Which of the following is the definition for hebephrenia?

A) Silly and immature behavior
B) Early madness
C) Alternating immobility and agitated excitement
D) Delusions of grandeur or persecution

Question 7

If an individual is diagnosed as psychotic,it usually means that the person has ____________.

A) hallucinations
B) delusions
C) both of these
D) neither of these

Question 8

A woman diagnosed as schizophrenic announces that she has a plan to end poverty and homelessness in the world and that the Pope has given her secret instructions on how this can be accomplished.Her thinking is indicative of a delusion of _________.

A) persecution
B) thought insertion
C) grandeur
D) reference

Question 9

Which of the following defines Cotard's syndrome?

A) A familiar person is actually a double
B) One is a famous or important person
C) People are out to get you
D) The person believes he is dead

Question 10

In the late 1800s,the German psychiatrist Emil Kraeplin made all of the following contributions to our knowledge of schizophrenia EXCEPT

A) distinguishing dementia praecox (schizophrenia) from manic-depressive illness.
B) noting that hallucinations, delusions, and negativism were symptoms of dementia praecox (schizophrenia).
C) combining several symptoms of insanity (catatonia, paranoia, hebephrenia) that had usually been viewed as reflecting separate and distinct disorders.
D) conceptualizing a treatment for schizophrenic patients that is still being used today.

Question 11

In the textbook case of Arthur,he said that he had a "secret plan to save all the starving children in the world." After Arthur showed other bizarre behavior and also said he was going to climb the fence of a government building,his parents tried to have him admitted to a psychiatric hospital.They were not able to do that because

A) he was not considered a danger to himself or others.
B) he was given medication instead to calm him down.
C) the hospital staff didn't believe his parents.
D) his behavior was due to a substance abuse problem.

Question 12

In the 1850s,a French physician named Benedict Morel used the terms demence (loss of mind)precoce (early,premature)to describe what we now know as schizophrenia because he observed that the onset of symptoms often occurs

A) in the early part of the year.
B) during adolescence.
C) in the morning.
D) prior to symptoms of other mental illnesses.

Question 13

Antoinette believes that her brother is not really her brother.He has,in fact,been replaced by a double.This is known as _______________ syndrome.

A) Capgras
B) Cotard's
C) Barlow's
D) Durand's

Question 14

Which of the following is the persecutory type of psychotic delusion?

A) A familiar person is actually a double
B) One is a famous or important person
C) People are out to get you
D) A body part has changed in some impossible way

Question 15

In working with schizophrenic patients,mental health professionals typically distinguish between _________ symptoms (an excess or distortion of normal behavior)and ___________ symptoms (deficits in normal behavior).

A) positive; negative
B) negative; positive
C) manic; depressive
D) dysmorphic; dysfunctional

Question 16

Toward the end of the 19th century,Emil Kraeplin,studying the disorder we now call schizophrenia,used the term ________________ because he observed that the onset of symptoms often occurred before adulthood.

A) adolescent insanity
B) folie à deux
C) catatonia previa
D) dementia praecox

Question 17

The term "schizophrenia" was introduced circa 1908 by a Swiss psychiatrist named

A) Emil Kraepelin.
B) Sigmund Freud.
C) Eugen Bleuler.
D) Phillipe Pinel.

Question 18

Bleuler described the underlying behaviors of schizophrenia as the destruction of the forces that connect one function to the next.He called this underlying foundation of the disorder

A) a fugue state.
B) split personality.
C) associative splitting.
D) folie à deux.

Question 19

Which of the following characterize the disorder known as schizophrenia?

A) Delusions and hallucinations
B) Inappropriate emotions
C) Disorganized speech and behavior
D) All of these

Question 20

Which of the following describes a delusion of grandeur?

A) A familiar person is actually a double
B) One is a famous or important person
C) People are out to get you
D) A body part has changed in some impossible way

Question 21

Which of the following is most likely to occur in the paranoid type of schizophrenia?

A) Disorganized speech
B) Poor prognosis when compared to the other subtypes of schizophrenia
C) Limited cognitive skills and flat affect
D) Hallucinations and thematic or systematized delusions

Question 22

Match the following negative symptom of schizophrenia with its definition: flat affect,

A) inability to initiate and persist in activities.
B) inability to experience pleasure.
C) lack of emotional response, blank facial expression.
D) lack of speech content and/or slowed speech response.

Question 23

Which of the following is the definition of catatonia?

A) Silly and immature behavior
B) Early madness
C) Immobility or agitated excitement
D) Delusions of grandeur or persecution

Question 24

Which of the following is characterized of paranoid schizophrenia?

A) Silly and immature behavior
B) Early madness
C) Alternating immobility and agitated excitement
D) Delusions of grandeur or persecution

Question 25

Mort has displayed a number of schizophrenic symptoms.An obvious one was his lack of speech content manifested in nonsensical ramblings and slowed speech response.This symptoms is called ______________.

A) anhedonia
B) avolition
C) clanging
D) alogia

Question 26

Dr.Smith conducted a research study involving schizophrenic adults in which her looked at their facial expressions in home movies taken when they were children.He was trying to determine if the development of schizophrenia could be predicted by facial expressions showing limited emotional reactions.This research study focused on the negative symptom called _________.

A) alogia
B) affective flattening
C) associative splitting
D) emotional effect syndrome

Question 27

Which of the following subtypes of schizophrenia is likely to be associated with the best functioning before and after episodes?

A) Undifferentiated
B) Residual
C) Catatonic
D) Paranoid

Question 28

The DSM-IV criteria for the disorganized type of schizophrenia include all of the following EXCEPT ______________.

A) disorganized speech
B) echolalia or echopraxia
C) disorganized behavior
D) flat or inappropriate affect

Question 29

People who experience hallucinations appear to be

A) listening to voices outside themselves.
B) listening to their own thoughts.
C) misinterpreting voices from the sources such as the radio and television.
D) making up the experience.

Question 30

The negative schizophrenic symptom called avolition is defined as

A) inability to initiate and persist in activities.
B) inability to experience pleasure.
C) lack of emotional response, blank facial expression.
D) lack of speech content and/or slowed speech response.

Question 31

Which of the following does NOT apply to the disorganized subtype of schizophrenia?

A) Fragmented delusions and hallucinations
B) Inappropriate or flat affect
C) Frequent remissions and improvement of symptoms
D) Self-absorption and mirror gazing

Question 32

Research using brain-imaging techniques has localized auditory hallucinations in the part of the brain called _____________.

A) Wernicke's area
B) Broca's area
C) the occipital lobe
D) the limbic system

Question 33

Results of research showing that auditory hallucinations are localized in the expressive speech area of the brain suggest that

A) these hallucinations are produced by the auditory nerve in the ear as well as the speech area of the brain.
B) people who are hallucinating think the voices of other people are actually their own.
C) a person who is hallucinating is actually listening to his/her own thoughts.
D) these hallucinations are related to the disorganized speech that occurs in schizophrenia.

Question 34

Which of the following subtypes of schizophrenia is likely to be associated with the highest level of functioning before or after episodes of schizophrenia?

A) Undifferentiated
B) Residual
C) Catatonic
D) Paranoid

Question 35

According to research,a schizophrenic who exhibits flat affect

A) is incapable of experiencing emotion.
B) can display emotion a certain times.
C) is capable of experiencing emotion.
D) none of the above

Question 36

Marta,a hospitalized schizophrenic patient,shows an unusual form of catatonia.If someone moves one of her arms or legs into a different position,it just stays that way.Marta's bizarre behavior is called ________________.

A) postural dysfunction
B) aerobic mobility
C) waxy flexibility
D) schizophrenic movement disorder

Question 37

Mark was diagnosed with schizophrenia many years ago.Most recently,he has been exhibiting some bizarre behaviors.For example,he stands for hours in unusual postures.Mark's motor dysfunction is called __________________.

A) cognitive slippage
B) inappropriate affect
C) catatonic immobility
D) hebephrenia

Question 38

The negative schizophrenic symptom called anhedonia is defined as

A) inability to initiate and persist in activities.
B) inability to experience pleasure.
C) lack of emotional response, blank facial expression.
D) lack of speech content and/or slowed speech response.

Question 39

The most common type of hallucination experienced by psychotic individuals is ____________.

A) visual
B) auditory
C) tactile
D) olfactory

Question 40

Which of the following is closely associated with catatonia?

A) Negative withdrawal
B) Repetitive echolalia
C) Agitation
D) Waxy flexibility

Question 41

The case of Arthur (described in your textbook),who suddenly experienced the delusion that he could save all the starving children in the world with a "secret plan," but whose symptoms lasted only a few days,was diagnosed with

A) schizotypal personality disorder.
B) folie à deux (shared psychotic disorder).
C) brief psychotic disorder.
D) cocaine abuse.

Question 42

Which of the following defines the grandiose type of delusional disorder?

A) Believing that one is loved by an important person or celebrity
B) Falsely believing that one's sexual partner is unfaithful
C) Believing in one's inflated worth, identity, or special relationship
D) Believing one is being malevolently treated in some way

Question 43

Which of the following statistical data are NOT accurate regarding schizophrenia?

A) The lifetime prevalence rate is 3%.
B) Life expectancy is less than average due to suicides and accidents.
C) Men with schizophrenia have a poorer prognosis than women with schizophrenia.
D) More women than men develop schizophrenia later in life.

Question 44

How do the delusions in delusional disorder differ from the delusions in paranoid schizophrenia?

A) In delusional disorder, the imagined events could really be happening but there is no evidence that they are happening.
B) In paranoid schizophrenia, the imagined events have actually happened or are now happening.
C) In delusional disorder, the imagined events are so bizarre that they could never have happened and never will happen.
D) There is no difference. Delusions are defined similarly for all conditions.

Question 45

Consuela believes that she is the wicked stepmother and her daughter Carmella believes she is Cinderella.It appears that the two are suffering from
a.
schizoaffective disorder.
b.
shizotypal disorder.
c.
schizophreniform disorder.
d.
folie a deux.

Question 46

Callie has been diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder.This means that in addition to schizophrenic symptoms,she also has symptoms of

A) an anxiety disorder.
B) a mood disorder.
C) a split personality.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 47

Which of the following defines the erotomanic type of delusional disorder?

A) Believing that one is loved by an important person or celebrity
B) Falsely believing that one's sexual partner is unfaithful
C) Believing in one's inflated worth, identity, or special relationship
D) Believing one is being malevolently treated in some way

Question 48

Which of the following defines the persecutory type of delusional disorder?

A) Believing that one is loved by an important person or celebrity
B) Falsely believing that one's sexual partner is unfaithful
C) Believing in one's inflated worth, identity, or special relationship
D) Believing one is being malevolently treated in some way

Question 49

Which of the following statistical data are NOT accurate regarding schizophrenia?

A) The lifetime prevalence rate is 1%
B) Life expectancy is less than average due to suicides and accidents
C) Men with schizophrenia have a better prognosis than women with schizophrenia
D) More women than men develop schizophrenia later in life

Question 50

Which of the following is the most common dyad in shared psychotic disorder?

A) Mother-daughter.
B) Mother-son.
C) Sister-brother.
D) none of these

Question 51

Which of the following defines the jealous type of delusional disorder?

A) Believing that one is loved by an important person or celebrity
B) Falsely believing that one's sexual partner is unfaithful
C) Believing in one's inflated worth, identity, or special relationship
D) Believing one is being malevolently treated in some way

Question 52

Making the diagnosis of schizophrenia is controversial because

A) the symptoms can vary as a function of culture or race.
B) the symptoms are similar across culture and race.
C) the symptoms simply reflect biases in the minds of mental health professionals.
D) the label is derogatory and has no clinical utility.

Question 53

James is a security guard at the mall who seems lost in his own world.Often,he feels the presence of his dead mother nearby.He knows it is an illusion and that she is not real.Her presence does give him comfort.James probably would be diagnosed with

A) schizoaffective disorder.
B) schizotypal disorder.
C) schizoid disorder.
D) brief psychotic disorder.

Question 54

Which of the following symptoms would NOT constitute criteria for the residual subtype of schizophrenia?

A) Social withdrawal
B) Negative beliefs or odd thoughts
C) Flat affect
D) Delusions

Question 55

Which of the following is an environmental influence that seems to contribute to the development of schizophrenia?

A) Exposure to environmental infection
B) Pregnancy complications
C) Birth delivery complications
D) All of the above

Question 56

At various times,individuals have been arrested for stalking celebrities who they believed were in love with them.This condition is called a(n)_________ delusion.

A) jealous
B) erotomanic
C) somatic
D) persecutory

Question 57

One of the subtypes of schizophrenia is termed residual.Which of the following individuals would be diagnosed with this condition?

A) Mr. S. is actively hallucinating and has delusions of persecution.
B) Miss L. has had an episode of schizophrenia but has no active symptoms at this time.
C) Mrs. R. has never had an episode of schizophrenia but acts in a very bizarre manner.
D) Mr. F. is at risk for developing schizophrenia because of his family history.

Question 58

Research studies on the genetic basis of schizophrenia have focused on high-risk individuals including all of the following EXCEPT

A) healthy twins of schizophrenic patients.
B) adopted children of schizophrenic parents.
C) family members or relatives of schizophrenics.
D) children adopted by schizophrenic mothers.

Question 59

In which of the following disorders are hallucinations and delusions NOT part of the symptom pattern?

A) Schizotypal personality disorder
B) Schizoaffective disorder
C) Schizophreniform disorder
D) Brief psychotic disorder

Question 60

Schizophrenia appears to be more frequently diagnosed in minorities in a number of countries.An explanation for this is that

A) people from devalued ethnic minority groups may be victims of bias and stereotyping.
B) they may be the result of misdiagnosis.
C) the levels of stress associated with stigma and isolation.
D) all of the above

Question 61

In which of the following situations would the risk of developing schizophrenia be the LOWEST for a child?

A) A child's schizophrenic parent has a non-schizophrenic identical twin
B) A child's non-schizophrenic parent has a schizophrenic identical twin
C) A child's schizophrenic parent has a non-schizophrenic fraternal twin
D) A child's non-schizophrenic parent has a schizophrenic fraternal twin

Question 62

What is the evidence for structural damage in the brains of schizophrenic patients?

A) All schizophrenic patients have smaller ventricles in their brains.
B) In some schizophrenic patients, there is an excess amount of "gray matter" in the cerebral cortex.
C) The majority of schizophrenic patients have enlarged ventricles in their brains.
D) Many schizophrenic patients have increased activity in the frontal lobes of the brain.

Question 63

Endophenotyping refers to looking for

A) a gene or genes that cause the symptoms or behaviors of schizophrenia.
B) basic processes that contribute to symptoms of the disorder.
C) basic processes that contribute to behaviors of schizophrenia.
D) all of the above

Question 64

The positive symptoms of schizophrenia are most closely associated with _________ activity.

A) serotonin
B) dopamine
C) norepinephrine
D) acetylcholine

Question 65

Which of the following is TRUE in regard to the genetic basis of schizophrenia?

A) Researchers have discovered the gene responsible for causing schizophrenia.
B) Genes are responsible for making some individuals vulnerable to schizophrenia.
C) Both of these statements are true
D) Neither of these statements is true

Question 66

In regard to the ways that drugs affect neurotransmitters,which of the following is TRUE?

A) A drug that is an agonist occupies the receptor sites, blocking the neurotransmitter.
B) A drug that is an antagonist helps increase the release of the neurotransmitter.
C) Both of these are correct
D) Neither of these is correct

Question 67

Research studies focusing on genetic factors in schizophrenia have found that

A) An individual with a schizophrenic identical twin has the highest risk factor (almost 50%) of developing schizophrenia.
B) In family studies of schizophrenia, the genetic influence can be separated from the environmental impact.
C) If one person in a family has a particular subtype of schizophrenia,
D) The more severe a parent's schizophrenic disorder, the less likely the children were to develop it.
E)g., paranoid, the other family members inherit a predisposition for that subtype only.

Question 68

Which of the following occurs when drugs are administered to schizophrenic patients?

A) Drugs that increase dopamine (agonists) cause an increase in schizophrenic behavior.
B) Drugs that decrease dopamine (antagonists) decrease schizophrenic symptoms.
C) Both of these statements are accurate
D) Neither of these statements is accurate

Question 69

Which of the following neurotransmitters has recently been linked to schizophrenia?

A) Glutamate
B) Glycine
C) GABA
D) Serotonin

Question 70

Manuella would respond coolly when her daughter embraced her,but when the child tried to pull away Manuella would say,"Don't you love me anymore?" This is an example of

A) a schizophrenogenic mother.
B) double-bind communication.
C) expressed emotion.
D) none of the above

Question 71

Which of the following statements contradicts the dopamine theory of schizophrenia?

A) Many people with schizophrenia are not helped by dopamine antagonists.
B) Olanzapine, one of the weakest dopamine antagonists, reduces schizophrenic symptoms in those patients who were not helped by stronger dopamine antagonists.
C) Both of these statements contradict the dopamine theory of schizophrenia.
D) Neither of these statements contradicts the dopamine theory of schizophrenia.

Question 72

Influenza infection during the 2ⁿᵈ trimester of pregnancy has been linked to

A) the mother developing schizophrenia.
B) the child developing schizophrenia.
C) both of the above
D) neither of the above

Question 73

Which of the following drugs causes schizophrenic symptoms?

A) Marijuana
B) PCP
C) Cocaine
D
LSD

Question 74

Of the various genetic linkage and association studies,the one that seems to be a possible "marker" for schizophrenia involves ____________________.

A) eye-tracking
B) dopamine sites
C) unusual facial features
D) blood type

Question 75

Recent research into the causes of schizophrenia,including studies of schizophrenic patients who had been exposed prenatally to influenza epidemics,suggests that there might be a __________________ cause of schizophrenia.

A) viral
B) bacterial
C) both of these
D) neither of these

Question 76

Which of the following neurotransmitters has recently been linked to schizophrenia?

A) Deficiency in the stimulation of prefrontal dopamine D1 receptors
B) Excessive stimulation of striatal dopamine D2 receptors
C) Alterations in prefrontal activity involving glutamate transmissions
D) All of the above

Question 77

The famous case of the Genain sisters,identical quadruplets all diagnosed with schizophrenia,points out that siblings raised in the same household may experience their environment very differently,a concept called a(n)

A) variable home structure.
B) unshared environment.
C) environmental phenomenon.
D) unique perceptive interpretation.

Question 78

When using correlational research to look for abnormalities in the brain as clues to the influences of schizophrenia,it is important to keep certain questions in mind.For example,if a schizophrenic person was found to have an excess of dopamine,a researcher would need to ask all of the following questions EXCEPT

A) Does too much dopamine cause schizophrenia?
B) Does having schizophrenia cause an excess of dopamine?
C) Is there some factor that causes both schizophrenia and an excess of dopamine?
D) Why is the dopamine system active in the schizophrenic brain?

Question 79

In regard to research on schizophrenia involving the offspring of twins,all of the following are accurate statements EXCEPT

A) the child of a schizophrenic identical twin has the same risk (17%) of having the disorder as the child of the non-schizophrenic identical twin.
B) the child of a non-schizophrenic fraternal twin has about a 2% risk of having the disorder.
C) a mentally healthy individual with a schizophrenic parent cannot pass on a genetic predisposition for the disorder to his or her offspring.
D) an individual can be free from schizophrenia but still be a "carrier."

Question 80

Which of the following statements reflects "circumstantial evidence" for the dopamine theory of schizophrenia?

A) Antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics) act as dopamine agonists, increasing the amount of dopamine in the brain.
B) Antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics) can produce symptoms similar to those of Parkinson's disease (a disorder due to insufficient dopamine).
C) The drug L-dopa, a dopamine agonist, is used to treat schizophrenic symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease.
D) Amphetamines, which activate dopamine, can lessen psychotic symptoms in people with schizophrenia.