Deck 4: A Tour of the Cell

Question 1

Which theory states that all living things are composed of cells?

A) cell theory
B) Hooke's rule
C) evolutionary theory
D) Mendel's law

Answer 1

A

Question 2

______ are the major lipids of plasma membranes.

A) Steroids
B) Fatty acids
C) Mosaics
D) Phospholipids

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Most human cells contain ______ chromosomes.

A) 36
B) 46
C) 2
D) 23

Answer 3

B

Question 4

When mixed with water,phospholipids spontaneously form membranes because they ______.

A) have hydrophilic phosphate groups that are attracted to water and hydrophobic fatty acid tails that avoid water
B) have hydrophilic fatty acid tails that are attracted to water and hydrophobic phosphate groups that avoid water
C) have hydrophilic heads that are attracted to their hydrophobic tails
D) are both fluid and mosaic

Question 5

When using a light microscope to view a cell you obtained from scraping under your fingernails,you notice that the cell lacks a nucleus; therefore,you conclude that the cell must be a type of ______ cell.

A) plant
B) eukaryotic
C) fungal
D) prokaryotic

Question 6

In eukaryotic cells,what name is given to the region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane?

A) cytoplasm
B) phospholipid bilayer
C) nucleoid
D) chloroplast

Question 7

Where does protein synthesis take place?

A) in the nucleolus
B) on smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) on ribosomes
D) in the nucleus

Question 8

The structural combination of DNA and protein forms ______.

A) nucleoli
B) nucleoplasm
C) chromatin
D) ribosomes

Question 9

What type of microscope would be best for studying the detailed structure of the surface of a plasma membrane?

A) light microscope
B) transmission electron microscope
C) scanning electron microscope
D) both a light microscope and an electron microscope

Question 10

The nuclear envelope is composed of ______.

A) chromatin
B) DNA
C) a double membrane
D) carbohydrates

Question 11

The extracellular matrix of animal cells ______.

A) protect and support cells
B) provide avenues for the exchange of DNA
C) are warehouses for the storage of extra lipids and carbohydrates
D) are primarily sites of dead matter and waste materials

Question 12

Which of the following is a feature of prokaryotic cells but not eukaryotic cells?

A) pili
B) cell wall
C) flagella
D) DNA

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane?

A) regulate the traffic of chemicals into and out of the cell
B) protein synthesis
C) lipid synthesis
D) all fo the above

Question 14

Information is transferred from the nucleus to ribosomes via ______.

A) mRNA
B) rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) DNA
D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 15

Which of the following structures manufactures the components of ribosomes?

A) nucleus
B) cytoplasm
C) endoplasmic reticulum
D) nucleolus

Question 16

______ store the information necessary to produce proteins.

A) Lysosomes
B) Genes
C) Ribosomes
D) Carbohydrates

Question 17

You find a cell of a type you have never seen before.The cell has both a nucleus and a cell wall.Therefore,you conclude that it must be a ______ cell.

A) prokaryotic
B) animal
C) bacterial
D) plant

Question 18

The concept of a membrane as a fluid mosaic reflects the ability of ______.

A) phospholipids and most proteins to drift about in the plane of the membrane
B) phospholipids but not proteins to drift about in the plane of the membrane
C) most proteins but not phospholipids to drift about in the plane of the membrane
D) carbohydrates to drift into and out of the membrane structure

Question 19

Some ribosomes are suspended in the cytosol of a cell,whereas other ribosomes _______.

A) make proteins inside the nucleus
B) are found on the plasma membrane
C) are attached to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) are attached to the outside of the nucleus

Question 20

One difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is that eukaryotic cells ______ prokaryotic cells.

A) have DNA, which is lacking in
B) have membrane-enclosed structures called organelles, which are lacking in
C) have a plasma membrane, which is lacking in
D) have a nucleoid region, which is lacking in

Question 21

Which of the following parts of a cell is (are)most like the shipping center of a company?

A) the Golgi apparatus
B) mitochondria
C) chloroplasts
D) the nucleolus

Question 22

Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?

A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B) mitochondrion
C) ribosome
D) chloroplast

Question 23

Based on its function in detoxifying drugs,you would expect to find a large amount of smooth ER in ______ cells.

A) brain
B) liver
C) intestinal
D) muscle

Question 24

Plant cells,unlike animal cells,are characterized by the presence of a ______.

A) cell wall and contractile vacuole
B) cell wall and central vacuole
C) nucleus and cell wall
D) nucleus and contractile vacuole

Question 25

Microtubules are associated with ______.

A) cilia
B) flagella
C) cell shape
D) all of the above

Question 26

A protist that contains contractile vacuoles most likely lives ______.

A) in a marine environment
B) within the cells of another organism
C) in fresh water
D) in ice

Question 27

Tobacco smokers (and those exposed to tobacco smoke)are at greater risk of an ectopic (tubal)pregnancy.Based on your understanding of the structures of the cytoskeleton,what is the best explanation?

A) Tobacco smokers tend to get pregnant when they are younger.
B) Tobacco interferes with the functioning of the flagella propelling sperm.
C) Tobacco interferes with the transfer of oxygen to the uterus, thereby forcing the zygote to implant in a fallopian tube.
D) Tobacco interferes with the sweeping motion of cilia that aids in the movement of the egg toward the uterus.

Question 28

In plant cells,______ may contain organic nutrients,pigments,and poisons.

A) mitochondria
B) chloroplasts
C) lysosomes
D) central vacuoles

Question 29

Similar to the nucleus,chloroplasts and mitochondria are ______.

A) surrounded by two membranes
B) green
C) manufactured by the nucleolus
D) able to synthesize lipids

Question 30

A hormone that will be secreted from the cell is manufactured by ribosomes _____.

A) attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
B) attached to the Golgi apparatus
C) attached to the plasma membrane
D) inside the nucleus

Question 31

Lysosomes are responsible for ______.

A) lipid synthesis
B) cellular respiration
C) digestion of organic matter inside the cell
D) protein synthesis

Question 32

Functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum include ______.

A) steroid synthesis, protein synthesis, and drug detoxification
B) lipid synthesis, protein synthesis, and drug detoxification
C) lipid synthesis, steroid synthesis, and drug detoxification
D) lipid synthesis, steroid synthesis, and protein synthesis

Question 33

Which of the following is an adaptation to increase the surface area of a part of a cell that is involved in cellular respiration?

A) the cristae of a mitochondrion
B) the outer membrane of a chloroplast
C) the grana of a chloroplast
D) the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 34

If a cell's lysosomes burst,the cell would ______.

A) shrivel
B) divide into two cells
C) digest itself
D) need to manufacture more lysosomes

Question 35

What structures move proteins from the ER to the Golgi apparatus?

A) transport proteins
B) central vacuole
C) transport vesicles
D) nucleolus

Question 36

Tay-Sachs disease results from ______ lacking a specific type of lipid-digesting enzyme.

A) the Golgi apparatus
B) lysosomes
C) mitochondria
D) the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 37

Vacuoles are ______.

A) membranous sacs
B) manufactured by ribosomes
C) composed of microtubules
D) found only in plant cells

Question 38

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

A) digestion of organic matter inside the cell
B) protein modification
C) drug detoxification
D) protein synthesis

Question 39

The endomembrane system includes ______.

A) ribosomes, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum
B) Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum
C) Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, ribosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum
D) Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 40

Cellular respiration can be described as the conversion of the energy ______.

A) of sunlight to energy stored in organic compounds
B) stored in food molecules to energy stored in ATP
C) stored in ATP to energy stored in food molecules
D) stored in ATP to energy used to do work

Question 41

Read the following scenario to answer the following question(s).
The earliest cells detectable in fossils were different from the cells in animals, plants, fungi, and protists living today. These first prokaryotic cells gave rise to eukaryotic cells approximately 1.7 billion years ago. The structure of eukaryotic cells today suggests how they might have evolved from their prokaryotic ancestors. Scientists examining mitochondria and chloroplasts now think that these organelles were probably free-living prokaryotes before becoming a part of eukaryotic cells long ago.
Which of the following is a characteristic of mitochondria that suggests that they might have evolved from free-living bacteria?

A) Mitochondria have cell walls.
B) The plasma membrane of a mitochondrion, forming the surface of this organelle, is the site of many important steps of cellular respiration.
C) Mitochondria have their own DNA.
D) Mitochondria rely upon proteins as their source of energy.

Question 42

Examine the following photographs.Which of the techniques reveal internal cellular detail?

A) light micrograph and transmission electron micrograph
B) light micrograph and scanning electron micrograph
C) transmission electron micrograph and scanning electron micrograph
D) all three micrographs

Question 43

The figure below shows a Paramecium,a single-celled freshwater protist.The hairlike structures visible on the Paramecium allow it to move.These structures are ______.

A) microfilaments
B) intermediate filaments
C) flagella
D) cilia

Question 44

Read the following scenario to answer the following question(s).
The earliest cells detectable in fossils were different from the cells in animals, plants, fungi, and protists living today. These first prokaryotic cells gave rise to eukaryotic cells approximately 1.7 billion years ago. The structure of eukaryotic cells today suggests how they might have evolved from their prokaryotic ancestors. Scientists examining mitochondria and chloroplasts now think that these organelles were probably free-living prokaryotes before becoming a part of eukaryotic cells long ago.
Which of the following is a characteristic of chloroplasts that suggests that they might have evolved from free-living bacteria?

A) Chloroplasts have cell walls.
B) Chloroplasts contain pigments.
C) Chloroplasts have their own DNA.
D) A single, highly folded plasma membrane surrounds chloroplasts.

Question 45

Read the following scenario to answer the following question(s).
The earliest cells detectable in fossils were different from the cells in animals, plants, fungi, and protists living today. These first prokaryotic cells gave rise to eukaryotic cells approximately 1.7 billion years ago. The structure of eukaryotic cells today suggests how they might have evolved from their prokaryotic ancestors. Scientists examining mitochondria and chloroplasts now think that these organelles were probably free-living prokaryotes before becoming a part of eukaryotic cells long ago.
What evidence suggests that mitochondria might have evolved before chloroplasts?

A) Mitochondria can sometimes divide to produce chloroplasts.
B) Only mitochondria have their own DNA.
C) Some mitochondria have chloroplasts inside of them.
D) Almost all eukaryotes have mitochondria but only some cells have chloroplasts.

Question 46

The child shown in the figure below is not feeling well.Why does the poster say "No Antibiotics Please"?

A) His illness may be caused by an allergy to penicillin.
B) Antibiotics should be taken only to promote growth.
C) His illness is caused by bacteria.
D) His illness is caused by a virus.

Question 47

Examine the structures of the plant and animal cells below.Which of the following organelles connect(s)to the nuclear envelope?

A) the Golgi apparatus
B) lysosomes
C) mitochondria
D) the endoplasmic reticulum