Deck 12: DNA Technology

Question 1

Restriction enzymes are obtained from ______.

A) archaea
B) eukaryotes
C) viruses
D) bacteria

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A collection of cloned DNA fragments that includes an organism's entire genome is called a ______.

A) phenotypic library
B) gene repository
C) clone collection
D) genomic library

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of these can act as a vector to introduce new genes into a cell?

A) humulin
B) GM
C) PCR
D) plasmids

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A DNA fragment with a sticky end that reads -ATTCG will bind with another DNA fragment with a sticky end that reads ______.

A) TAAGC-
B) CGGAT-
C) GCCTA-
D) ATTGC-

Question 5

"Sticky ends" are ______.

A) single-stranded ends of fragments of double-stranded DNA
B) regions of double-stranded DNA that can be cut by a restriction enzyme
C) the site on chromosomes where the centromere is found
D) telomeres

Question 6

Which of the following best defines the term transgenic organism?

A) an organism that is the first of its kind to bear a particular allele
B) an organism in which a genetic defect has been corrected using recombinant DNA therapy
C) an organism containing a gene from another species
D) an organism containing genes from three or more species

Question 7

The process of making multiple copies of a gene by inserting it into a host genome and culturing the host is an example of ______.

A) gene cloning
B) industrial genetic engineering
C) gene amplification
D) gene pharming

Question 8

You are attempting to link an individual to a crime. The only evidence you have is a tiny drop of blood. How can you use this drop of blood to make the association?

A) You can use the sample to determine the individual's ABO blood group.
B) You can use gel electrophoresis to determine the length of the DNA found in the sample.
C) You can use PCR to increase the amount of DNA available for restriction fragment analysis.
D) You can use the sample to check for the presence of the Rhesus factor.

Question 9

Which of these is a genetically modified organism?

A) an organism carrying a gene that was acquired by artificial means
B) the first organism in which a particular mutation has appeared
C) a cloned organism carrying two different alleles
D) an organism that gestated in an artificial womb

Question 10

A vaccine works by ______.

A) inhibiting bacterial reproduction
B) stimulating the immune system to develop lasting defenses
C) killing cells infected with a virus
D) preventing translation of mRNA molecules that code for disease-causing proteins

Question 11

Of these steps,which one occurs earliest in the process of producing recombinant DNA?

A) Human DNA fragments are mixed with the cut plasmids.
B) The same restriction enzyme is used to isolate the gene of interest and to cut the plasmid DNA.
C) The recombinant plasmids are mixed with bacteria.
D) Bacteria carrying recombinant plasmids are cloned.

Question 12

Of these steps,which occurs first in the production of a recombinant plasmid?

A) cloning
B) construction of a genomic library
C) isolation of a plasmid from a bacterium
D) recombination

Question 13

Which enzyme is used to bind DNA fragments together?

A) restriction enzyme
B) telomerase
C) DNA ligase
D) DNA polymerase

Question 14

Nucleic acid probes are used to ______.

A) find a specific nucleotide sequence
B) isolate bacterial genes
C) destroy clones that do not carry the recombinant plasmid of interest
D) synthesize a DNA strand complementary to a sticky end

Question 15

Transgenic animals are currently used ______.

A) to produce potentially useful proteins
B) as food
C) as vectors for use in cloning human DNA
D) all of the above

Question 16

When plasmids are used to produce a desired protein,the ______.

A) plasmids multiply and produce the protein outside of the bacterium
B) bacterial chromosome is genetically engineered and the plasmid is used to help the bacterium replicate
C) desired gene is inserted into the plasmid and the plasmid is taken up by the bacterium
D) bacterial genome and plasmid are inserted into the genome of the cell containing the desired gene (perhaps the cell of a plant or animal)

Question 17

"Sticky ends" are produced as a result of the action of ______.

A) a clone
B) DNA ligase
C) a restriction enzyme
D) humulin

Question 18

Of the following,which is the last step in the production of a recombinant DNA plasmid?

A) cloning
B) using DNA ligase to join DNA fragments
C) transduction
D) allowing the reproduction of the bacterium bearing the recombinant plasmid

Question 19

The world's first genetically engineered pharmaceutical product was ______.

A) humulin
B) HGH
C) SCID
D) RFLP

Question 20

Which of the following is the best definition for recombinant DNA?

A) DNA that results from bacterial conjugation
B) DNA that includes pieces from two different sources
C) an alternate form of DNA that is the product of a mutation
D) DNA that carries a translocation

Question 21

STR analysis is a DNA profiling technique that makes use of the fact that different people have

A) different numbers of repeats of short DNA sequences at certain sites in the genome.
B) different alleles for many genes in the genome.
C) different restriction fragments
D) different CODIS DNA sequences

Question 22

The study of the full protein sets that genomes encode is _____.

A) proteomics
B) genomics
C) gene therapy
D) gene cloning

Question 23

Cutting DNA with a particular restriction enzyme produces DNA fragments that can be separated by ______.

A) gel electrophoresis
B) enzymes
C) recombinant DNA
D) plasmids

Question 24

Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments on the basis of differences in their ______.

A) A:C ratio
B) length
C) G:T ratio
D) pH

Question 25

In human gene therapy,

A) normal versions of genes are transferred to patients who carry a mutated allele.
B) harmless bacteria make important proteins for humans that cannot produce these proteins on their own.
C) bacterial plasmids are used to transfer genes to human patients.
D) genetically engineered alleles, usually from other species, replace mutated alleles.

Question 26

To find the nucleotide sequence of human chromosomes,chromosomes had to be digested into small fragments and then ______.

A) centrifuged and electrophoresed
B) fingerprinted
C) cloned and sequenced
D) restricted

Question 27

Genetically modifying human ______ cells may directly affect future generations.

A) intestinal
B) immune
C) gametic
D) somatic

Question 28

The Human Genome Project has the potential to ______.

A) lead to treatments for inherited diseases
B) lead to treatments for contagious diseases
C) increase our understanding of the historical relationships among species
D) play a role in all of the choices listed here

Question 29

To make restriction fragments,a DNA sample is treated with ______.

A) DNA ligase
B) restriction enzymes
C) gel electrophoresis
D) PCR

Question 30

Ethical dilemmas raised by DNA technology and knowledge of the human genome include ______.

A) the potential for interfering in evolution
B) the safety of GM foods
C) the potential discrimination against people predisposed to certain diseases
D) all of the above

Question 31

Approximately what percentage of the human genome consists of noncoding DNA?

A) 98%
B) 87%
C) 77%
D) 67%

Question 32

The possibility that Mongolian ruler Genghis Khan spread an unusual chromosome to nearly 16 million men living today resulted from studies of _____.

A) proteomics
B) cDNA
C) the X chromosome
D) the Y chromosome

Question 33

What name is given to a region of DNA that varies from person to person?

A) genetic marker
B) genetic probe
C) monoDNA
D) restriction fragment

Question 34

The state of human gene therapy today is that

A) the work that has been completed so far is purely theoretical, but some treatments are in development.
B) there have been a small number of successes, including with the disease SCID.
C) human gene therapy is used routinely in the treatment of certain rare cancers.
D) human gene therapy is used to treat a wide variety of conditions, including diabetes, cancer, and bone marrow diseases.

Question 35

What technique is most commonly used to sequence entire genomes?

A) the whole-genome shotgun method
B) the nucleic acid probe method
C) the plasmid method
D) the genetic marker method

Question 36

Which of these statements can be logically inferred from the amount of DNA shared by chimpanzees and humans?

A) Humans and chimpanzees share a relatively recent common ancestor.
B) Humans evolved from chimpanzees.
C) Humans are unique and different from all other life forms.
D) Humans are a more complex life form than chimpanzees.

Question 37

The following figure provides you with an overview of recombinant technology.The end result is a transgenic bacterium with a human gene that codes for marketable quantities of a human gene product.However,molecular biologists frequently have problems with the product.One problem might be ______.

A) production of a human protein that is unable to function properly.
B) formation of a bacterium that cannot synthesize the product
C) a bacterium with DNA that is resistant to restriction enzymes
D) formation of mutants

Question 38

The scientific field that studies complete sets of genes is called ______.

A) genomics
B) recombinant DNA
C) proteomics
D) genetic engineering

Question 39

The following figure shows that gel electrophoresis can be used to separate repetitive DNA sequences. Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments because ______.

A) double stranded moves slower than single stranded DNA
B) of ratios of guanine to cytosine
C) the DNA fragments have different lengths
D) of the salt concentration in the gel matrix

Question 40

The human genome contains approximately ______ genes.

A) 1,000-2,000
B) 50,000-60,000
C) 21,000
D) 2,000-3,000

Question 41

Please read the following scenario then answer the following question(s).
Molecular biologists have perfected DNA fingerprinting so that it is possible to use the technique to provide evidence to solve crimes and even identify a child's parents. Recently, a U.S. immigrant asked the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services for permission to have her young daughter who was living with grandparents in their homeland join her.Her request was denied because there was an apparent mix-up with the child's birth certificate and it could not be used as proof of maternity. Proof is required in cases such as this. The mother requested DNA fingerprinting to make her case. Samples of DNA were taken from the mother (Mom) and daughter (D1) as well as from another daughter (D2) and a son (S) living in the United States with her. Tandem repeat analysis was run on the four samples, and the results are shown here.

The short tandem repeat analysis ______.

A) compares markers on the sex chromosomes
B) compares repetitive DNA sequences from different individuals
C) does not require DNA amplification
D) checks for purine and pyrimidine ratios

Question 42

Please read the following scenario then answer the following question(s).
Molecular biologists have perfected DNA fingerprinting so that it is possible to use the technique to provide evidence to solve crimes and even identify a child's parents. Recently, a U.S. immigrant asked the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services for permission to have her young daughter who was living with grandparents in their homeland join her.Her request was denied because there was an apparent mix-up with the child's birth certificate and it could not be used as proof of maternity. Proof is required in cases such as this. The mother requested DNA fingerprinting to make her case. Samples of DNA were taken from the mother (Mom) and daughter (D1) as well as from another daughter (D2) and a son (S) living in the United States with her. Tandem repeat analysis was run on the four samples, and the results are shown here.

You can use this DNA fingerprinting information to make a judgment about maternity because ______.

A) the shade of DNA bands will differ
B) both mother and daughter contain only X chromosomes
C) of the position of the bands in the gel
D) of the size of the bands

Question 43

The diagram below summarizes _____.

A) how a gene is cloned
B) how a human could be cloned
C) human gene therapy
D) how a vaccine is made

Question 44

Please read the following scenario then answer the following question(s).
Molecular biologists have perfected DNA fingerprinting so that it is possible to use the technique to provide evidence to solve crimes and even identify a child's parents. Recently, a U.S. immigrant asked the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services for permission to have her young daughter who was living with grandparents in their homeland join her.Her request was denied because there was an apparent mix-up with the child's birth certificate and it could not be used as proof of maternity. Proof is required in cases such as this. The mother requested DNA fingerprinting to make her case. Samples of DNA were taken from the mother (Mom) and daughter (D1) as well as from another daughter (D2) and a son (S) living in the United States with her. Tandem repeat analysis was run on the four samples, and the results are shown here.

The results indicate that ______.

A) she is not the mother of the son
B) she is the mother of daughter D1
C) she is not the mother of daughter D1
D) the mother could not be the mother of both daughter D1 and daughter D2