Deck 14: How Biological Diversity Evolves

Question 1

The biological species concept cannot be applied to ______.

A) fungi that live on land
B) bacteria that only reproduce asexually
C) complex plants that have flowers
D) animals that use asexual and sexual reproduction

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Biological species consist of groups of ______.

A) populations
B) domains
C) families
D) genera

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Some fish have bony fins.If the body of water they are in dries out,these fins can be used to help the fish "walk" to another body of water.In this context,bony fins are an example of ______.

A) an exaptation
B) neoteny
C) punctuated evolution
D) paedomorphosis

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The biological species concept cannot be applied to fossils.Which alternate approach to identifying species would be most useful for classifying fossil organisms?

A) an approach based on use of ecological resources
B) an approach based on genetic history
C) an approach based on measurable physical traits
D) an approach based on molecular biology

Question 5

What type of reproductive isolating mechanism is described by a situation in which female fireflies only mate with males who emit light in a particular pattern?

A) habitat isolation
B) temporal isolation
C) mechanical isolation
D) behavioral isolation

Question 6

When brought together in a zoo,two species are capable of mating and producing fertile offspring.Why may they still be considered two distinct species?

A) Wild populations of the two species have different geographic distributions.
B) In the wild, members of one species prey upon members of the other species.
C) Zoos are not natural environments.
D) The two species look very different.

Question 7

Sympatric speciation specifically excludes ______.

A) behavioral isolation
B) post-zygotic barriers
C) geographic isolation
D) temporal isolation

Question 8

The type of reproductive barrier that occurs when two species mate but produce sterile hybrids is referred to as ______.

A) mechanical isolation
B) temporal isolation
C) a postzygotic barrier
D) behavioral isolation

Question 9

Which of the following describes allopatric speciation?

A) A population of squirrels is separated by the Grand Canyon. The two subpopulations evolve into two distinct species.
B) A tetraploid plant species evolves from a diploid ancestor. Both the tetraploid and diploid species are found in the same habitat.
C) One population breeds in the fall; another population breeds in the spring.
D) A male horse and a female donkey mate, producing a sterile hinny.

Question 10

A pattern of evolution in which most change in appearance takes place during a relatively short period of time fits the ______ model of speciation.

A) punctuated gradual
B) punctuated equilibrium
C) homeostatic
D) gradual

Question 11

When two frog species,Rana pipiens and Rana sylvatica,mate,the offspring die early in embryonic development.This is an example of ______.

A) hybrid sterility
B) mechanical isolation
C) reduced hybrid viability
D) reduced hybrid fertility

Question 12

Uranium-235,with a half-life of 713,000,000 years,decays to lead-207.If a rock sample is determined to have one-quarter of the uranium-235 content it had when it formed,the age of the rock sample can be estimated to be approximately ______ years old.

A) 178 million
B) 713 million
C) 28.5 billion
D) 1.4 billion

Question 13

Feathers in birds appear to have first evolved for insulation but later conveyed a new advantage in helping create light aerodynamic surfaces.This switch in function is an example of ______.

A) paedomorphosis
B) punctuated equilibrium
C) convergent evolution
D) an exaptation

Question 14

Which of the following would be an example of paedomorphosis?

A) starfish regenerating severed limbs
B) rapid evolution in a small, isolated population
C) two species evolving a similar appearance
D) the ability to reproduce evolving in caterpillars

Question 15

The current geological era is the ______.

A) Paleozoic
B) Cenozoic
C) Mesozoic
D) Cambrian

Question 16

You are examining the fossil record and notice that through time a series of fossils exhibits very little change.During the period of time you are studying,this fossil lineage can be described as exhibiting ______.

A) genetic drift
B) punctuation
C) gradualism
D) equilibrium

Question 17

Under the biological species concept,what criterion is used to assign populations of organisms to the same biological species?

A) a very similar appearance
B) being able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring
C) relating to the environment in the same way
D) having 99% of their genes in common

Question 18

A reproductive barrier that prevents species from mating is an example of ______.

A) a prezygotic barrier
B) reduced hybrid viability
C) zygote mortality
D) a postzygotic barrier

Question 19

Speciation requires ______.

A) periods of rapid evolutionary change
B) geographic isolation
C) long periods of time
D) genetic isolation

Question 20

Graphically,the graduated model of speciation can be described as appearing as a ______.

A) Y
B) W
C) horizontal line with vertical branches
D) vertical line with horizontal branches

Question 21

Examine the evolutionary relationships represented in the following figure.Based upon this diagram,the two most closely related species are ______.

A) leopards and striped skunks
B) leopards and European otters
C) European otters and coyotes
D) coyotes and wolves

Question 22

The wing of a penguin is ______ the wing of a butterfly.

A) structurally identical to
B) superior to
C) homologous to
D) analogous to

Question 23

The wing of a bald eagle is ______ the wing of a penguin.

A) convergent with
B) homologous to
C) unrelated to
D) analogous to

Question 24

The science of naming,identifying,and classifying organisms is called ______.

A) biogeography
B) zoography
C) phylogeny
D) taxonomy

Question 25

Analogous structures are evidence of ______.

A) common ancestry
B) divergent evolution
C) stabilizing selection
D) convergent evolution

Question 26

An ancestral species and all its evolutionary descendants define a ______.

A) outgroup
B) clade
C) genus
D) ingroup

Question 27

Plate tectonics has been responsible for instances of all of the following except

A) volcanic explosions.
B) sympatric speciation.
C) allopatric speciation.
D) mass extinction.

Question 28

Molecular systematics might examine all of the following types of data except ______.

A) proteins
B) DNA sequences
C) amino acid sequences
D) anatomical features

Question 29

Which one of the following is the only domain that contains eukaryotes?

A) Animalia
B) Plantae
C) Archaea
D) Eukarya

Question 30

Of the following taxonomic levels,species found within the same ______ are the most closely related.

A) family
B) phylum
C) order
D) domain

Question 31

The Permian mass extinction is associated with

A) an asteroid impact.
B) global warming.
C) the formation of Pangaea.
D) the diversification of mammals.

Question 32

A period of mass extinction is often followed by ______.

A) explosive diversification
B) nonbranching evolution
C) global cooling
D) equilibrium

Question 33

Examine the two animals in the photographs in the following figure.Use all of the clues in this figure.These two organisms belong to ______.

A) the same species
B) the same genus
C) different families
D) different orders

Question 34

Which of the following taxonomic levels is most inclusive?

A) order
B) genus
C) family
D) class

Question 35

Dinosaurs (aside from the lineage that produced birds)were extinct by the end of the ______.

A) Cretaceous
B) Silurian
C) Eocene
D) Permian

Question 36

Which of the following is a binomial?

A) sapiens
B) Nitzschia jouseae
C) diatom
D) Rhizosolenia

Question 37

______ is the discipline of biology that focuses on classifying organisms and determining their evolutionary relationships.

A) Taxonomy
B) Epistemology
C) Systematics
D) Biogeography

Question 38

Characid fishes only found naturally only in South America and Africa.Fossils of these fish are not found on any other continents.What is the most likely explanation of this distribution pattern?

A) These fishes arose in either Africa or South America and migrated across the South Atlantic Ocean to the other continent.
B) Characid fishes arose prior to the separation of the African and South American continents.
C) Characid fishes arose in the South Atlantic Ocean and migrated to Africa and South America.
D) Convergent evolution is responsible for the distribution of characid fishes.

Question 39

Examine the figure below.Cladistic analysis indicates that crocodiles are more closely related to ______ than to ______.

A) birds... alligators
B) snakes... birds
C) lizards... birds
D) birds... lizards

Question 40

Homology is evidence of ______.

A) convergent evolution
B) punctuated evolution
C) common ancestry
D) paedomorphosis

Question 41

Read the following scenario to answer the following question(s).
In some zoos, rare crosses between a male lion and a female tiger have produced hybrid offspring called ligers. Male ligers are sterile but some female ligers are fertile. In the wild, lion and tiger ranges do not naturally overlap, making such a cross unlikely. Furthermore, the solitary behavior of tigers and the social organizations of lions create behavioral differences.
The production of sterile male ligers is an example of ______.

A) sympatric speciation
B) the founder effect
C) a postzygotic barrier
D) a prezygotic barrier

Question 42

Read the following scenario to answer the following question(s).
In some zoos, rare crosses between a male lion and a female tiger have produced hybrid offspring called ligers. Male ligers are sterile but some female ligers are fertile. In the wild, lion and tiger ranges do not naturally overlap, making such a cross unlikely. Furthermore, the solitary behavior of tigers and the social organizations of lions create behavioral differences.
The natural differences in the ranges of wild tigers and lions is an example of ______.

A) a prezygotic barrier
B) a postzygotic barrier
C) the impact of mutations
D) sympatric speciation

Question 43

Read the following scenario to answer the following question(s).
In some zoos, rare crosses between a male lion and a female tiger have produced hybrid offspring called ligers. Male ligers are sterile but some female ligers are fertile. In the wild, lion and tiger ranges do not naturally overlap, making such a cross unlikely. Furthermore, the solitary behavior of tigers and the social organizations of lions create behavioral differences.
Applying the biological species concept,the production of ligers reveals that ______.

A) a new species called ligers is forming
B) tigers and lions are actually the same species
C) tigers and lions are separate species
D) lions are probably a subspecies of tigers