Deck 21: Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Question 1

The basic unit of nervous tissue is the ______.

A) dendrite
B) axon
C) neuron
D) nerve

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A main function of most types of epithelial tissue is ______.

A) sensation
B) support
C) covering surfaces
D) absorption

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In animals,individual cells are grouped into _____.

A) organs
B) tissues
C) organisms
D) organ systems

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which type of tissue forms a communication and coordination system within the body?

A) nervous
B) blood
C) connective
D) muscle

Question 5

Which of the following is the most common type of connective tissue in the typical human body?

A) fibrous connective tissue
B) adipose tissue
C) loose connective tissue
D) bone

Question 6

Imagine an invertebrate that lives in an estuary where salinity varies cyclically with the tides.If this animal practices homeostasis with respect to the salt concentration of its body fluids,its salt concentration will show ______.

A) no variations
B) slight, continuous fluctuations
C) slight variations, but only when the external salinity is changing rapidly
D) a cyclic variation identical to that of the surrounding water

Question 7

Which of the following is not a true statement about organs?

A) An organ represents a higher level of structure than the tissues composing it.
B) An organ consists of several tissues.
C) An organ can only carry out the functions of its component tissues.
D) An organ consists of many cells.

Question 8

The connection between form and ______ is a basic concept of biology.

A) structure
B) adaptation
C) function
D) environment

Question 9

The vertebrate kidney helps to keep the acidity of the body fluids constant by varying the amount of hydrogen ions (H⁺)it secretes into the urine.You can confidently predict that this aspect of kidney function will be controlled by ______.

A) a negative feedback mechanism
B) nerve impulses from the brain
C) a hormone produced in the brain
D) a hormone produced in the kidney itself

Question 10

Which one of the following types of tissue stores fat in the body?

A) cartilage
B) bone
C) adipose tissue
D) fibrous connective tissue

Question 11

What kind of connective tissue has a matrix that is strong and flexible?

A) bone
B) adipose tissue
C) loose connective tissue
D) cartilage

Question 12

Homeostasis ______.

A) is the maintenance of a constant internal state
B) is a pathological condition
C) is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment
D) is the way the internal environment influences the external environment

Question 13

A physiologist is a biologist who studies the ______.

A) structure of living things
B) structure of body parts
C) evolution of animals
D) function of body parts

Question 14

Connective tissue is different from the other major tissue types in that ______.

A) it is made up of cells
B) the cells are sparsely scattered through an extracellular matrix
C) it is not made up of cells
D) it is found only in humans

Question 15

The fact that every organism continuously exchanges chemicals and energy with its surroundings indicates that organisms ______.

A) are open systems
B) are closed systems
C) maintain homeostasis
D) osmoregulate

Question 16

Which of the following distinguishes cardiac muscle from both smooth and skeletal muscle?

A) Its cells are striped.
B) It generally cannot be contracted at will.
C) It generally can be contracted at will.
D) Its cells are branched.

Question 17

Which is the most abundant kind of tissue in most animals?

A) connective
B) epithelial
C) blood
D) muscle

Question 18

Bone is a type of

A) connective tissue
B) epithelial tissue
C) extracellular matrix
D) adipose tissue

Question 19

Which of the following is true of a typical skeletal muscle?

A) It is found in the walls of organs such as the digestive tract.
B) Its fibers do not have a striped appearance under the microscope.
C) It can be enlarged by exercise.
D) It is only found in heart tissue.

Question 20

Involuntary muscle includes

A) skeletal muscle only
B) smooth muscle only
C) smooth muscle and cardiac muscle
D) smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and some skeletal muscle

Question 21

Which of the following animals is generating body heat to warm itself?

A) a beetle that absorbs solar radiation
B) a moth that shivers its wings before flight
C) a lizard that lies on a warm rock
D) a turtle that moves to a warm, shallow part of a pond

Question 22

When body temperature is too low,which of the following occurs?

A) Blood vessels in the skin constrict.
B) Muscles relax.
C) Sweat glands are activated.
D) Blood vessels at the body surface dilate and fill with blood.

Question 23

Which process describes the forcing of water and other small molecules from the blood into a kidney tubule?

A) absorption
B) filtration
C) secretion
D) excretion

Question 24

A diuretic is a substance that ______.

A) promotes sweating
B) regulates the contraction of cardiac muscle
C) inhibits urinary water loss
D) promotes urinary water loss

Question 25

Excretion is the movement of substances from the ______ to the ______.

A) filtrate... blood
B) kidney... urinary bladder
C) blood... filtrate
D) kidneys... outside

Question 26

What is the name of the functional unit of the kidney?

A) renal unit
B) urinary bladder
C) nephron
D) filtrate

Question 27

Reabsorption is the movement of substances from the ______ to the ______.

A) blood... nephron
B) filtrate... blood
C) kidney... urinary bladder
D) blood... filtrate

Question 28

Which of the following is most likely to be responsible if,when your blood sugar level rose,the level went back down?

A) the use of the sugar for energy by your cells
B) a homeostatic mechanism based on negative feedback
C) type 2 diabetes
D) a homeostatic mechanism based on positive feedback

Question 29

In humans,goosebumps are a vestige of a mammalian adaptation related to ______.

A) thermoregulation
B) water conservation
C) osmoregulation
D) positive feedback

Question 30

Which of the following is a function of the kidneys?

A) elimination of urea
B) reabsorption of valuable solutes
C) reabsorbing water
D) all of the above

Question 31

The figure below shows that ______.

A) homeostatic mechanisms allow cats to sense their external environments
B) homeostatic mechanisms allow cats to use their internal conditions to affect their external environments
C) cats experience no variations in their internal conditions
D) homeostatic mechanisms allow cats to maintain relatively constant internal conditions even when the external environment changes

Question 32

Secretion is the movement of substances from the ______ to the ______.

A) nephron... blood
B) filtrate... blood
C) kidney... urinary bladder
D) blood... filtrate

Question 33

One function of this organ system is _____.

A) excretion of urea
B) production of gametes
C) protection of the body
D) thermoregulation

Question 34

Which of the following statements apply to freshwater fish?

A) They lose water by osmosis.
B) The concentration of solutes in their internal fluids is lower than in the surrounding water.
C) They pump out ions via the gills.
D) They produce dilute urine.

Question 35

Marine animals that have body fluids with a solute concentration equal to that of the surrounding seawater are said to be ______.

A) osmoregulators
B) osmoconformers
C) hypertonic
D) hypotonic

Question 36

Which of the following animals is an ectotherm?

A) human
B) parrot
C) spiny lobster
D) field mouse

Question 37

Most homeostatic mechanisms depend on ______.

A) positive and negative feedback
B) negative feedback
C) predictable environmental conditions
D) predictable internal conditions

Question 38

Which of the following is a source of water loss in humans?

A) urination
B) defecation
C) breathing
D) all of the above

Question 39

Which of the following is a physiological response that takes place in many animals when they get too hot?

A) slowing of the heart rate
B) constriction of blood vessels in the skin
C) contraction of muscles
D) increased blood flow to the skin

Question 40

One function of this organ system is _____.

A) thermoregulation
B) excretion
C) exchange of gases between the blood and air
D) transport of substances throughout the body

Question 41

Use the following information to answer the following question(s).
The dune-burrowing spider Seothyra sp. lives in the Namib desert on the southwestern coast of Africa. These spiders build silk-lined burrows with a sticky silk mat at the entrance to trap insect prey. While foraging during the day, the spider remains concealed in its burrow and shielded from direct sunlight when prey are not present.
During the day, environmental temperatures vary from 17 to 73°C (63-164°F). If a spider is prevented from retreating into its burrow, it shows signs of thermal stress at 49°C, whereas unrestrained spiders continue to forage at temperatures above 65°C. In addition, spiders respond more quickly to prey stimuli during the hottest times of the day and capture prey in significantly less time when temperatures are above 49°C. The captured arthropods (prey) tend to succumb more quickly to hot surface temperatures; they are more lethargic and struggle less when captured at the high temperature ranges.
When foraging spiders are too hot,they retreat into their burrows.What type of feedback system does this indicate?

A) hormonal feedback
B) positive feedback
C) negative feedback
D) positive and negative feedback

Question 42

Examine the figure below,which shows negative feedback in a thermostat.If the room becomes too warm,the next thing that will occur is ______.

A) heating stops
B) the set point decreases
C) the room cools
D) the heater is turned off

Question 43

Use the following information to answer the following question(s).
The dune-burrowing spider Seothyra sp. lives in the Namib desert on the southwestern coast of Africa. These spiders build silk-lined burrows with a sticky silk mat at the entrance to trap insect prey. While foraging during the day, the spider remains concealed in its burrow and shielded from direct sunlight when prey are not present.
During the day, environmental temperatures vary from 17 to 73°C (63-164°F). If a spider is prevented from retreating into its burrow, it shows signs of thermal stress at 49°C, whereas unrestrained spiders continue to forage at temperatures above 65°C. In addition, spiders respond more quickly to prey stimuli during the hottest times of the day and capture prey in significantly less time when temperatures are above 49°C. The captured arthropods (prey) tend to succumb more quickly to hot surface temperatures; they are more lethargic and struggle less when captured at the high temperature ranges.
Based on the information in the paragraphs,spiders are ______.

A) ectotherms
B) endotherms
C) sometimes ectotherms and sometimes endotherms
D) neither ectotherms nor endotherms

Question 44

Use the following information to answer the following question(s).
The dune-burrowing spider Seothyra sp. lives in the Namib desert on the southwestern coast of Africa. These spiders build silk-lined burrows with a sticky silk mat at the entrance to trap insect prey. While foraging during the day, the spider remains concealed in its burrow and shielded from direct sunlight when prey are not present.
During the day, environmental temperatures vary from 17 to 73°C (63-164°F). If a spider is prevented from retreating into its burrow, it shows signs of thermal stress at 49°C, whereas unrestrained spiders continue to forage at temperatures above 65°C. In addition, spiders respond more quickly to prey stimuli during the hottest times of the day and capture prey in significantly less time when temperatures are above 49°C. The captured arthropods (prey) tend to succumb more quickly to hot surface temperatures; they are more lethargic and struggle less when captured at the high temperature ranges.
When spiders show signs of thermal stress,this is an indication that they are unable to ______.

A) move
B) function
C) osmoregulate
D) thermoregulate