Deck 23: Circulation and Respiration

Question 1

Trace the path of a red blood cell in a circuit that takes it from the capillary bed of the right kidney to the capillary bed of the left kidney.Assume that you are doing this for an animal with a double circulation system.

A) capillary bed of right kidney → venules → veins → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary arteries → capillaries of lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta → arteries → arterioles → capillary bed of left kidney
B) capillary bed of right kidney → venules → veins → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary veins → capillaries of lungs → pulmonary arteries → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta → arteries → arterioles → capillary bed of left kidney
C) capillary bed of right kidney → venules → veins → left atrium → left ventricle → pulmonary arteries → capillaries of lungs → pulmonary veins → right atrium → right ventricle → aorta → arteries → arterioles → capillary bed of left kidney
D) capillary bed of right kidney → arterioles → arteries → aorta → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary arteries → capillaries of lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium → left ventricle → veins → venules → capillary bed of left kidney

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Veins carry ______.

A) blood away from the heart
B) oxygen-rich blood
C) oxygen-poor blood
D) blood toward the heart

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Blood pressure that is consistently ______ or higher would indicate that you have hypertension.

A) 120/80
B) 140/90
C) 110/85
D) 100/75

Answer 3

B

Question 4

When tissue lining a blood vessel is damaged,the first thing that happens is

A) erythrocytes release fibrin
B) leukoctyes multiply
C) platelets convert fibrinogen to fibrin
D) platelets adhere to the damaged tissue

Question 5

Which of these carry(ies)oxygen-poor blood?

A) pulmonary arteries
B) pulmonary veins
C) aorta
D) left ventricle

Question 6

In humans,oxygen is delivered to the cells of the body by ______.

A) a closed circulatory system
B) an open circulatory system
C) diffusion
D) diffusion and facilitated diffusion

Question 7

A heart murmur occurs when there is a defect in _____.

A) a heart valve
B) the SA node
C) the AV node
D) the timing of the cardiac cycle

Question 8

As a consequence of red blood cells' lack of nuclei and other organelles,they ______.

A) have more room to carry hemoglobin
B) have a small surface area
C) contain less hemoglobin than they might otherwise be able to carry
D) can carry more calcium

Question 9

If your blood pressure were 120/70,it would mean that ______.

A) your blood pressure during systole is 120 and your blood pressure during diastole is 70
B) you have high blood pressure
C) you have low blood pressure
D) your blood pressure during systole is 120 and your heart rate is 70

Question 10

If you looked closely at blood plasma,you might find ______.

A) white blood cells
B) red blood cells
C) hormones
D) platelets

Question 11

In animals with a closed circulatory system,gas exchange occurs across the thin walls of ______.

A) arteries
B) arterioles
C) capillaries
D) venules

Question 12

The basic rhythm of the heartbeat is set by the ______.

A) AV node
B) EKG
C) SA node
D) "fight-or-flight" hormone

Question 13

Animals such as hydras and jellies can exchange gases directly with the environment by ______.

A) diffusion
B) active transport
C) osmosis
D) bulk transport

Question 14

Which of the following can cause anemia?

A) sickle-cell disease
B) vitamin deficiencies
C) mineral deficiencies
D) all of the above

Question 15

Which of these animals has a double circulatory system?

A) fish
B) grasshopper
C) dog
D) hydra

Question 16

Blood pressure is lowest in ______.

A) veins
B) capillaries
C) arterioles
D) venules

Question 17

White blood cells play a particularly important role in ______.

A) fighting infections
B) supporting the activity of red blood cells
C) carrying carbon dioxide
D) blood clotting

Question 18

Why is blood pressure higher during systole than during diastole?

A) The contraction of the heart during systole increases the blood pressure against arterial walls.
B) The relaxation of the heart during systole increases the blood pressure against arterial walls.
C) The contraction of the heart during diastole decreases the blood pressure against arterial walls.
D) More blood flows into the heart during systole than during diastole.

Question 19

Which one of the following is a characteristic of open circulatory systems but not closed circulatory systems?

A) a heart
B) a vascular system
C) blood
D) open-ended blood vessels

Question 20

Which blood vessels have thin,leaky walls?

A) capillaries
B) venules
C) arteries
D) none of the above

Question 21

Leukemia ______.

A) decreases the production of white blood cells
B) increases the production of red blood cells
C) is a cancer of the white blood cells
D) is a cancer that arises in the lungs

Question 22

In the human respiratory system,gas exchange occurs across the cells of the ______.

A) diaphragm
B) trachea
C) bronchi
D) alveoli

Question 23

Oxygen is mostly transported through the body ______.

A) dissolved in the blood
B) dissolved in red blood cells
C) bound to hemoglobin
D) bound to dissolved iron

Question 24

When you hold your breath,which of the following blood gas changes leads initially to the urge to breathe again?

A) rising oxygen level
B) rising carbon dioxide level
C) falling oxygen level
D) rising carbon dioxide level and falling oxygen level

Question 25

What structure do lobster use for gas exchange?

A) gills
B) lungs
C) skin
D) tracheae

Question 26

The ______ provide(s)a common passageway for both food and air.

A) bronchioles
B) trachea
C) pharynx
D) alveoli

Question 27

Gas exchange requires a surface that is both ______.

A) ciliated and flagellated
B) protected within the body and connected to the circulatory system
C) thin and moist
D) permeable to oxygen and impermeable to carbon dioxide

Question 28

Examine the figure below.The one-way flow of blood in veins is maintained by ______.

A) blood pressure
B) muscles pressing against the veins
C) their thick walls
D) valves

Question 29

The following figure illustrates ______.

A) diastolic blood pressure
B) systolic blood pressure
C) the pulmonary circuit
D) the systemic circuit

Question 30

Earthworms use ______ as their respiratory surface.

A) lungs
B) gills
C) their skin
D) tracheae

Question 31

Together,inhalation and exhalation are referred to as ______.

A) diffusion
B) breathing
C) active transport
D) negative pressure

Question 32

You increase your risk of cardiovascular disease by reducing your consumption of ______.

A) fruits and vegetables
B) red meats
C) products containing trans fats
D) tobacco products

Question 33

Breathing is regulated by ______.

A) the diaphragm and chest muscles
B) the spinal cord
C) the circulatory system
D) control centers in the brain stem

Question 34

What path does a molecule of O₂ take from the nose to the respiratory surface?

A) pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchus → bronchiole → alveolus
B) larynx → pharynx → trachea → bronchus → bronchiole → alveolus
C) pharynx → larynx → bronchus → bronchiole → alveolus → trachea
D) pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchiole → bronchus → alveolus

Question 35

The buildup of plaque in the walls of arteries results in ______.

A) leukemia
B) atherosclerosis
C) anemia
D) low blood pressure

Question 36

Insects breathe using ______.

A) lungs
B) tracheae
C) their entire outer skin
D) book lungs

Question 37

Animals need O₂ because it ______.

A) plays a role in obtaining energy from food
B) helps animals synthesize proteins
C) is necessary to make CO₂
D) is needed to deliver hemoglobin to the cells of an animal's body

Question 38

Examine the structure of blood vessels in the following figure.Which one of the following has the structure best suited to chemical exchange between the blood and tissues?

A) venule
B) capillary
C) arteriole
D) artery

Question 39

Why do cigarette smokers cough more than most people do?

A) The tar in cigarette smoke tends to make alveoli stick closed. Coughing opens them.
B) Coughing is the respiratory system's attempt to clear itself of the toxins found in smoke.
C) Cigarette smoking partially paralyzes the lungs; coughing exchanges the resultant "dead air."
D) Coughing stimulates blood flow to the lungs.

Question 40

Cigarette smoking ______.

A) kills about 440,000 Americans every year
B) accounts for 90% of all cases of lung cancer
C) can affect the health of nonsmokers through secondhand smoke
D) all of the above

Question 41

Read the following scenario to answer the following question(s).
Blood flowing away from the heart is under tremendous pressure, able to travel to just about any portion of the body. However, blood pressure drops considerably as it moves away from the heart. When blood finally reaches capillaries, the blood pressure drops to nearly zero. Therefore, when a person is standing, blood returning from the feet is not moved back towards the heart by heart contractions.
A scientist claimed that students might get better scores on written exams if they wiggle their legs frequently while taking an exam.This could work (but it is not better than studying)because wiggling legs might ______.

A) propel more blood from the legs back to the heart, increasing oxygen flow to the brain
B) add more oxygen to the blood that is returning to the heart
C) shake out more of the carbon dioxide that lingers in the blood returning to the heart
D) break up blood clots in the legs, which slow the movement of blood back to the heart

Question 42

Examine the figure shown.During negative pressure breathing,______.

A) the diaphragm moves downward and the rib muscles contract, increasing the size of the chest cavity and decreasing the air pressure within the chest cavity
B) the nasal cavities expand and the diaphragm relaxes
C) the diaphragm and rib muscles contract, decreasing the size of the chest cavity and increasing the pressure within the chest cavity
D) the diaphragm moves downward and the rib muscles relax, increasing the size of the chest cavity and decreasing the air pressure within the chest cavity

Question 43

Read the following scenario to answer the following question(s).
Blood flowing away from the heart is under tremendous pressure, able to travel to just about any portion of the body. However, blood pressure drops considerably as it moves away from the heart. When blood finally reaches capillaries, the blood pressure drops to nearly zero. Therefore, when a person is standing, blood returning from the feet is not moved back towards the heart by heart contractions.
Because of the changes in blood pressure through the circulatory system,the best way to feel a pulse is by pressing a finger against ______.

A) a vein
B) a capillary
C) an artery
D) either an artery or a vein

Question 44

Read the following scenario to answer the following question(s).
Blood flowing away from the heart is under tremendous pressure, able to travel to just about any portion of the body. However, blood pressure drops considerably as it moves away from the heart. When blood finally reaches capillaries, the blood pressure drops to nearly zero. Therefore, when a person is standing, blood returning from the feet is not moved back towards the heart by heart contractions.
Blood is propelled back to the heart by ______.

A) rhythmic contractions of muscles in the walls of veins and the action of one-way valves
B) skeletal muscle contractions around veins and the action of one-way valves
C) the negative pressure of the heart pulling blood into the empty chambers
D) the natural flow of blood into ever larger blood vessels leading to the heart

Question 45

The figure below shows that ______.

A) hemoglobin can bind to either oxygen or carbon dioxide
B) a hemoglobin molecule can bind up to four molecules of oxygen
C) a red blood cell contains four hemoglobin molecules
D) each iron atom can bind four oxygen molecules