Deck 2: U.S Families: Historical Origins, Changes, and Contemporary Issues

Question 1

As of 2007, more than 25 percent of both women and men age 25-44 were divorced.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The pre-feudal family refers to the time period prior to the fifth century.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The average size of households in the United States has decreased over the past 100 years.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

During the Middle Ages, the church promoted family life over celibacy.

Question 5

In rural communities, the family is a central institution around which all life revolves.

Question 6

The cult of domesticity during the Victorian era encouraged men to spend more time at home with their wives and children.

Question 7

Family scholars point to popular television programs of the 1950s such as "Leave it to Beaver" and others as accurate portrayals of family life for most Americans at that time.

Question 8

Recent studies of large populations and of minority groups call into question the extensiveness of the impact that parent involvement makes in child educational and social outcomes.

Question 9

The census considers families and households to be identical if households consist of more than one person.

Question 10

Liberal welfare regimes focus their attention on the family as a provider of support, but attempt to equalize support across families through income redistributive tax policies and supplements for needed supports such as child care.

Question 11

State and/or federal governments only provide support to families; they do not regulate families.

Question 12

The percentage of non-family households has increased quite dramatically over the past 50 years.

Question 13

Poor mental health, erosion of self-image, increased risk of suicide, alcohol-related disease, divorce, and child abuse are some of the negative consequences of poverty for adults.

Question 14

Immigration policies can affect families through the impact they have on gender relationships, and particularly control and violence in those relationships.

Question 15

An ascribed status system is based on individual accomplishments.

Question 16

As society became more formal and rational, the emphasis was shifted from an expressive self to an instrumental self.

Question 17

Children were more likely to experience family disruptions through loss and addition of adult family members in the past than they are today.

Question 18

Women 55 and older are much more likely than their male counterparts to be either widowed or divorced.

Question 19

Human capital refers to the network of social relationships (e.g., kinship networks, friendship
networks, community networks, political networks, etc.) that can be used to help monitor external environment, find assistance in times of need, and create opportunities for enhancing or expanding goals and outcomes.

Question 20

As of 2000, the median family income in the United States was about $26,000.

Question 21

The mass media, particularly television, tends to reinforce gender stereotypes.

Question 22

There is more conflict about marital gender roles today than in the past.

Question 23

The most traditional social norm views marriage as a secular legal phenomenon.

Question 24

As of 2009, the total resident population of the United States was about

A) 200 million.
B) 275 million.
C) 306 million.
D) 425 million.

Question 25

The view of the family as a "haven in a heartless world" was encouraged by

A) industrialization.
B) urbanization.
C) immigration.
D) all of the above three

Question 26

The text takes the position that the family in the United States is not merely changing but is declining as well.

Question 27

Religious and conservative political attitudes underlie much of the opposition to same sex marriage.

Question 28

Religious parents tend to demonstrate higher levels of parenting functioning and effectiveness and father involvement, and their children have fewer problem behaviors.

Question 29

Young women with ties to established denominations are more likely than their nonreligious counterparts to become sexually involved during adolescence.

Question 30

The European marriage pattern was characterized by

A) low marriage rates and low age at marriage.
B) high marriage rates and high age at marriage.
C) high marriage rates and low age at marriage.
D) low marriage rates and high age at marriage.

Question 31

The dominant mode of production during pre-feudal times was

A) agriculture.
B) skilled crafts.
C) mills and factories.
D) mining.

Question 32

Many traditional family functions are now performed by other agencies.

Question 33

Differences between particular religious groups such as Protestants or Catholics are more pronounced than differences between churchgoers and non-churchgoers.

Question 34

Most U.S. states now allow same sex marriage.

Question 35

In 2007, there were _____ million family households in the U.S.

A) 65
B) 78
C) 84
D) 92

Question 36

Families were mostly __________ in Western Europe and the American colonies.

A) extended
B) nuclear
C) joint
D) stem

Question 37

The percentage of __________ households has decreased in recent years.

A) single person
B) unmarried male
C) unmarried female
D) married with children

Question 38

The term family, as used in census reporting, refers to

A) anyone who occupies a separate housing unit.
B) two or more people residing together who fulfill the functions of a family
C) more than one generation of persons related by blood, marriage, or adoption.
D) two or more persons who are related by blood, marriage, or adoption and are sharing a household.

Question 39

Consumers of mass media are rarely influenced by the images that are presented.

Question 40

Traditional gender roles are consistent with a secular view of marriage.

Question 41

In 2006, the median family income for Americans was:

A) $29,083
B) $48,021
C) $57, 036
D) $65,789

Question 42

The median age at marriage for women in 2007 was:

A) 22
B) 24
C) 26
D) 28

Question 43

Families living in _________ areas tend to report the highest levels of family life satisfaction.

A) urban
B) suburban
C) rural
D) mountainous

Question 44

The contemporary family fills these functions as well or better than earlier families:

A) economic production
B) religious education
C) protection of members
D) socialization and stabilization

Question 45

Overall, religion and religiosity have positive impacts on:

A) marital satisfaction
B) marital commitment
C) conflict management
D) all of the above

Question 46

The _______ curriculum focuses on obedience to rules versus individual moral decision making, respect for authority versus questioning authority, and success through competition versus through cooperation.

A) structured
B) hidden
C) formal
D) university

Question 47

Compared to churchgoers, non-churchgoers are more likely to

A) be conservative on issues related to sexuality.
B) be married.
C) stress traditional gender roles.
D) have fewer children.

Question 48

During Colonial America, the practice of __________, in which people felt free to enter each others' homes for unannounced visits, illustrates the public nature of family life.

Question 49

Women, aged 55 and older, are much more likely to be _______ than men in the same age group.

A) married
B) widowed
C) divorced
D) both b and c are correct

Question 50

Policies such as the 1986 Immigrant Marriage Fraud Amendment and the Patriot Act of 2001 have endangered which group of immigrant women:

A) highly educated
B) abused
C) European
D) highly mobile

Question 51

Which type of capital refers to the skills and abilities one has accumulated such as abilities to read, write, and perform quantitative operations?

A) economic
B) human
C) social
D) cultural

Question 52

Which of the following groups is less likely to support same-sex marriage?

A) those with higher levels of contact with gays/lesbians
B) those with lower levels of education
C) those with lower levels of religious commitment
D) those who are under 40

Question 53

Increases in the labor force participation of women since WWII can be attributed to:

A) increased demands for labor
B) larger families
C) falling educational levels
D) falling expectations for living standards

Question 54

The percentage of married women in the labor force was a little over ____ percent in 2007.

A) 30
B) 40
C) 50
D) 60

Question 55

Traditional gender roles in marriage are consistent with which view of marriage?

A) Secular
B) Sacred
C) Social
D) Cultural

Question 56

An emergent norm concerning family organization suggests that

A) marriage is sacred.
B) divorce is a serious social problem.
C) marriage becomes a personal rather than a kinship problem.
D) all are emergent norms concerning family reorganization.

Question 57

The increased availability of ___________ poses new problems for parents in supervising and monitoring their children's exposure to inappropriate information and values counter to those of their family system.

A) the Internet
B) TV
C) music videos
D) cartoons

Question 58

The most widely used form of media on a day-to-day basis appears to be

A) the internet.
B) the radio.
C) the newspaper.
D) television.

Question 59

A social meaning of marriage places the source of authority in

A) some God or Supreme Being.
B) the community, kin groups, or in what others think.
C) each personal individual.
D) all of the first three.

Question 60

The type of welfare regime that provides benefits based on citizenship alone is called:

A) social democratic
B) liberal
C) conservative
D) communist

Question 61

A ___________ view of marriage sees its source of authority as being the rational relationship between marriages and families and the well-being of the individuals in them.

Question 62

What were the three major forces behind family change in Western Europe? Discuss how each moved the family from its previous state to its current state.

Question 63

A __________ consists of all persons who occupy a housing unit.

Question 64

The three major components of religiosity are: cognitive, affective, and ___________.

Question 65

Work-family ___________ occurs when work stress spills over into family life.

Question 66

An __________ status system is based on individual accomplishments.

Question 67

Toennies used the term ____________ to refer to those based on agricultural production.

Question 68

When a married couple or a parent and child unit live in a household headed by someone else (a parent, other relative, or other non-relative), they are referred to as a _________.

Question 69

A condition of no gender-role differentiation is known as _______________.

Question 70

Attitudes towards same-sex marriage have become more ______________ in recent years.

Question 71

In the cult of __________, women were seen as the protectors of morality in the family.

Question 72

How is the family defined by the U.S. census? How does a family differ from a household?

Question 73

The _____________ function of the family has been taken over by schools, daycares, and even television.

Question 74

A ___________ welfare regime places responsibility for social support on a free market system.

Question 75

Accumulated goods or resources that can be used to satisfy human needs, respond to stressor events or crises, and acquire additional resources in the future are called _________.

Question 76

How are families in the U.S. affected by other social institutions? Do families also affect these other institutions? Explain.

Question 77

An __________ status system is based on family connections and assigned at birth.

Question 78

According to the U.S. census, a __________ is a group of two or more persons related by birth, marriage, or adoption who reside together.

Question 79

How does marital status differ by sex or gender and age? Explain.

Question 80

The mass media serve as powerful forces in reinforcing __________, widely held beliefs (often false) about the character and behavior of all members of a group.