Deck 31: The Infant and Family

Question 1

Which information could be given to the parents of a 12-month-old child regarding appropriate play activities for this age?

A)Give large push-pull toys for kinesthetic stimulation.
B)Place cradle gym across crib to facilitate fine motor skills.
C)Provide child with finger paints to enhance fine motor skills.
D)Provide stick horse to develop gross motor coordination.

Answer 1

Give large push-pull toys for kinesthetic stimulation.

Question 2

According to Piaget,the 6-month-old infant would be in what stage of the sensorimotor phase?

A)Use of reflexes
B)Primary circular reactions
C)Secondary circular reactions
D)Coordination of secondary schemata

Answer 2

Secondary circular reactions

Question 3

By what age should the nurse expect that an infant will be able to pull to a standing position?

A)6 months
B)8 months
C)9 months
D)11 to 12 months

Answer 3

9 months

Question 4

A 3-month-old infant,born at 38 weeks of gestation,will hold a rattle if it is put in her hands; however,she will not voluntarily grasp it.The nurse should interpret this as:

A)Normal development.
B)Significant developmental lag.
C)Slightly delayed development caused by prematurity.
D)Suggestive of a neurologic disorder such as cerebral palsy.

Question 5

Which behavior indicates that an infant has developed object permanence?

A)Recognizes familiar face such as the mother
B)Recognizes familiar object such as a bottle
C)Actively searches for a hidden object
D)Secures objects by pulling on a string

Question 6

By what age does the posterior fontanel usually close?

A)6 to 8 weeks
B)10 to 12 weeks
C)4 to 6 months
D)8 to 10 months

Question 7

The nurse is doing a routine assessment on a 14-month-old infant and notes that the anterior fontanel is closed.This should be interpreted as:

A)A normal finding.
B)A questionable finding-the infant should be rechecked in 1 month.
C)An abnormal finding-indicates the need for immediate referral to a practitioner.
D)An abnormal finding-indicates the need for developmental assessment.

Question 8

The nurse is assessing a 6-month-old healthy infant who weighed 7 pounds at birth.The nurse should expect the infant to now weigh approximately:

A)10 pounds.
B)15 pounds.
C)20 pounds.
D)25 pounds.

Question 9

The parents of a 9-month-old infant tell the nurse that they have noticed foods such as peas and corn are not completely digested and can be seen in their infant's stool.The nurse bases her explanation on knowing that:

A)Children should not be given fibrous foods until the digestive tract matures at age 4 years.
B)The infant should not be given any solid foods until this digestive problem is resolved.
C)This is abnormal and requires further investigation.
D)This is normal because of the immaturity of digestive processes at this age.

Question 10

In terms of gross motor development,what would the nurse expect a 5-month-old infant to do?

A)Roll from abdomen to back.
B)Roll from back to abdomen.
C)Sit erect without support.
D)Move from prone to sitting position.

Question 11

The best play activity to provide tactile stimulation for a 6-month-old infant is to:

A)Allow to splash in bath.
B)Give various colored blocks.
C)Play music box, tapes, or CDs.
D)Use infant swing or stroller.

Question 12

Latasha is a breastfed infant being seen in the clinic for her 6-month checkup.Her mother tells the nurse that Latasha recently began to suck her thumb.The best nursing intervention is to:

A)Recommend that the mother substitute a pacifier for Latasha's thumb.
B)Assess Latasha for other signs of sensory deprivation.
C)Reassure the mother that this is very normal at this age.
D)Suggest that the mother breastfeed Latasha more often to satisfy sucking needs.

Question 13

At which age can most infants sit steadily unsupported?

A)4 months
B)6 months
C)8 months
D)10 months

Question 14

An appropriate play activity for a 7-month-old infant to encourage visual stimulation is:

A)Playing peek-a-boo.
B)Playing pat-a-cake.
C)Imitating animal sounds.
D)Showing how to clap hands.

Question 15

At what age should the nurse expect an infant to begin smiling in response to pleasurable stimuli?

A)1 month
B)2 months
C)3 months
D)4 months

Question 16

A parent asks the nurse "At what age do most babies begin to fear strangers?" The nurse responds that most infants begin to fear strangers at age:

A)2 months.
B)4 months.
C)6 months.
D)12 months.

Question 17

Which statement best describes the infant's physical development?

A)Anterior fontanel closes by age 6 to 10 months.
B)Binocularity is well established by age 8 months.
C)Birth weight doubles by age 5 months and triples by age 1 year.
D)Maternal iron stores persist during the first 12 months of life.

Question 18

In terms of fine motor development,the infant of 7 months should be able to:

A)Transfer objects from one hand to the other.
B)Use thumb and index finger in a crude pincer grasp.
C)Hold a crayon and make a mark on paper.
D)Release cubes into a cup.

Question 19

The nurse is interviewing the father of 10-month-old Megan.She is playing on the floor when she notices an electrical outlet and reaches up to touch it.Her father says "No" firmly and removes her from near the outlet.The nurse should use this opportunity to teach the father that Megan:

A)Is old enough to understand the word "No."
B)Is too young to understand the word "No."
C)Should already know that electrical outlets are dangerous.
D)Will learn safety issues better if she is spanked.

Question 20

Sara,age 4 months,was born at 35 weeks' gestation.She seems to be developing normally,but her parents are concerned because she is a "more difficult" baby than their other child,who was term.The nurse should explain that:

A)Infants' temperaments are part of their unique characteristics.
B)Infants become less difficult if they are not kept on scheduled feedings and structured routines.
C)Sara's behavior is suggestive of failure to bond completely with her parents.
D)Sara's difficult temperament is the result of painful experiences in the neonatal period.

Question 21

Austin,age 6 months,has six teeth.The nurse should recognize that this is:

A)Normal tooth eruption.
B)Delayed tooth eruption.
C)Unusual and dangerous.
D)Earlier-than-normal tooth eruption.

Question 22

Clinical manifestations of failure to thrive caused by behavioral problems resulting in inadequate intake of calories include:

A)Avoidance of eye contact.
B)An associated malabsorption defect.
C)Weight that falls below the 15th percentile.
D)Normal achievement of developmental landmarks.

Question 23

Parent guidelines for relieving colic in an infant include:

A)Avoiding touching the abdomen.
B)Avoiding using a pacifier.
C)Changing the infant's position frequently.
D)Placing the infant where the family cannot hear the crying.

Question 24

The parents of a 4-month-old infant tell the nurse that they are getting a microwave oven and will be able to heat the baby's formula faster.The nurse should recommend:

A)Never heating a bottle in a microwave oven.
B)Heating only 10 ounces or more.
C)Always leaving the bottle top uncovered to allow heat to escape.
D)Shaking the bottle vigorously for at least 30 seconds after heating.

Question 25

A parent of an infant with colic tells the nurse,"All this baby does is scream at me; it is a constant worry." The nurse's best action is:

A)Encourage parent to verbalize feelings.
B)Encourage parent not to worry so much.
C)Assess parent for other signs of inadequate parenting.
D)Reassure parent that colic rarely lasts past age 9 months.

Question 26

A mother tells the nurse that she doesn't want her infant immunized because of the discomfort associated with injections.The nurse should explain that:

A)This cannot be prevented.
B)Infants do not feel pain as adults do.
C)This is not a good reason for refusing immunizations.
D)A topical anesthetic, eutectic mixture of local anesthetic (EMLA), can be applied before injections are given.

Question 27

The parent of 2-week-old Sarah asks the nurse if Sarah needs fluoride supplements because she is exclusively breastfed.The nurse's best response is:

A)"She needs to begin taking them now."
B)"They are not needed if you drink fluoridated water."
C)"She may need to begin taking them at age 6 months."
D)"She can have infant cereal mixed with fluoridated water instead of supplements."

Question 28

When is the best age for solid food to be introduced into the infant's diet?

A)2 to 3 months
B)4 to 6 months
C)When birth weight has tripled
D)When tooth eruption has started

Question 29

Which is an important nursing consideration when caring for an infant with failure to thrive?

A)Establish a structured routine and follow it consistently.
B)Maintain a nondistracting environment by not speaking to the infant during feeding.
C)Place the infant in an infant seat during feedings to prevent overstimulation.
D)Limit sensory stimulation and play activities to alleviate fatigue.

Question 30

The clinic is lending a federally approved car seat to an infant's family.The nurse should explain that the safest place to put the car seat is:

A)Front facing in back seat.
B)Rear facing in back seat.
C)Front facing in front seat if an air bag is on the passenger side.
D)Rear facing in front seat if an air bag is on the passenger side.

Question 31

Parents tell the nurse that their 1-year-old son often sleeps with them.They seem unconcerned about this.The nurse's response should be based on the knowledge that:

A)Children should not sleep with their parents.
B)Separation from parents should be completed by this age.
C)Daytime attention should be increased.
D)This is a common and accepted practice, especially in some cultural groups.

Question 32

A mother tells the nurse that she is discontinuing breastfeeding her 5-month-old infant.The nurse should recommend that the infant be given:

A)Skim milk.
B)Whole cow's milk.
C)Commercial iron-fortified formula.
D)Commercial formula without iron.

Question 33

An infant has been pronounced dead from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)in the emergency department.Which is an appropriate question to ask the parents?

A)"Did you hear the infant cry out?"
B)"Why didn't you check on the infant earlier?"
C)"What time did you find the infant?"
D)"Was the head buried in a blanket?"

Question 34

The parents of a 12-month-old child ask the nurse if the child can eat hot dogs.The nurse's reply should be based on knowing that:

A)The child is too young to digest hot dogs.
B)The child is too young to eat hot dogs safely.
C)Hot dogs must be sliced into sections to prevent aspiration.
D)Hot dogs must be cut into small, irregular pieces to prevent aspiration.

Question 35

A nurse is teaching parents about prevention and treatment of colic.Which should the nurse include in the teaching plan?

A)Avoid use of pacifiers.
B)Eliminate all secondhand smoke contact.
C)Lay infant flat after feeding.
D)Avoid swaddling the infant.

Question 36

With the goal of preventing plagiocephaly,the nurse should teach new parents to:

A)Place the infant prone for 30 to 60 minutes per day.
B)Buy a soft mattress.
C)Allow the infant to nap in the car safety seat.
D)Have the infant sleep with the parents.

Question 37

An important nursing responsibility when dealing with a family experiencing the loss of an infant from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)is to:

A)Explain how SIDS could have been predicted and prevented.
B)Interview parents in depth concerning the circumstances surrounding the infant's death.
C)Discourage parents from making a last visit with the infant.
D)Make a follow-up home visit to parents as soon as possible after the infant's death.

Question 38

An infant experienced an apparent life-threatening event and is being placed on home apnea monitoring.The parents have understood the instructions for use of a home apnea monitor when they state:

A)"We can adjust the monitor to eliminate false alarms."
B)"We should sleep in the same bed as our monitored infant."
C)"We will check the monitor several times a day to be sure the alarm is working."
D)"We will place the monitor in the crib with our infant."

Question 39

The nurse notices that a 10-month-old infant being seen in the clinic is wearing expensive,inflexible,high-top shoes.The nurse should explain that:

A)Soft and flexible shoes are generally better.
B)High-top shoes are necessary for support.
C)Inflexible shoes are necessary to prevent in-toeing and out-toeing.
D)This type of shoe will encourage the infant to walk sooner.

Question 40

Which is the most appropriate action when an infant becomes apneic?

A)Shake vigorously.
B)Roll head side to side.
C)Hold by feet upside down with head supported.
D)Gently stimulate trunk by patting or rubbing.

Question 41

Place in order the expected sequence of fine motor developmental milestones for an infant, beginning with the first milestone achieved and ending with the last milestone achieved.

Fifth

A)Voluntary palmar grasp
B)Reflex palmar grasp
C)Puts objects into a container
D)Neat pincer grasp
E)Builds a tower of two blocks

Question 42

Place in order the expected sequence of fine motor developmental milestones for an infant, beginning with the first milestone achieved and ending with the last milestone achieved.

Third

A)Voluntary palmar grasp
B)Reflex palmar grasp
C)Puts objects into a container
D)Neat pincer grasp
E)Builds a tower of two blocks

Question 43

A parent asks the nurse whether her infant is susceptible to pertussis.The nurse's response should be based on which statement concerning susceptibility to pertussis?

A)Neonates will be immune the first few months.
B)If the mother has had the disease, the infant will receive passive immunity.
C)Children younger than 1 year seldom contract this disease.
D)Most children are highly susceptible from birth.

Question 44

The parents of a 3-month-old infant report that their infant sleeps supine (face up)but is often prone (face down)while awake.The nurse's response should be based on knowledge that this is:

A)Unacceptable because of the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
B)Unacceptable because it does not encourage achievement of developmental milestones.
C)Unacceptable to encourage fine motor development.
D)Acceptable to encourage head control and turning over.

Question 45

Place in order the expected sequence of fine motor developmental milestones for an infant, beginning with the first milestone achieved and ending with the last milestone achieved.

First

A)Voluntary palmar grasp
B)Reflex palmar grasp
C)Puts objects into a container
D)Neat pincer grasp
E)Builds a tower of two blocks

Question 46

Place in order the expected sequence of fine motor developmental milestones for an infant, beginning with the first milestone achieved and ending with the last milestone achieved.

Fourth

A)Voluntary palmar grasp
B)Reflex palmar grasp
C)Puts objects into a container
D)Neat pincer grasp
E)Builds a tower of two blocks

Question 47

Which interventions should the nurse implement when caring for a family of a sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)infant (select all that apply)?

A)Allow parents to say goodbye to their infant.
B)Once parents leave the hospital, no further follow-up is required.
C)Arrange for someone to take the parents home from the hospital.
D)Avoid requesting an autopsy of the deceased infant.
E)Conduct a debriefing session with the parents before they leave the hospital.

Question 48

A nurse is conducting education classes for parents of infants.The nurse plans to discuss sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).Which risk factors should the nurse include as increasing an infant's risk of a SIDS incident (select all that apply)?

A)Breastfeeding
B)Low Apgar scores
C)Male sex
D)Birth weight in the 50th or higher percentile
E)Recent viral illness

Question 49

Place in order the expected sequence of fine motor developmental milestones for an infant, beginning with the first milestone achieved and ending with the last milestone achieved.

Second

A)Voluntary palmar grasp
B)Reflex palmar grasp
C)Puts objects into a container
D)Neat pincer grasp
E)Builds a tower of two blocks

Question 50

A nurse is preparing to administer routine immunizations to a 4-month-old infant.The infant is currently up to date on all previously recommended immunizations.Which immunizations will the nurse prepare to administer (select all that apply)?

A)Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR)
B)Rotavirus (RV)
C)Diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP)
D)Varicella
E)Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIB)
F)Inactivated poliovirus (IPV)

Question 51

A nurse has completed a teaching session for parents about "baby-proofing" the home.Which statements made by the parents indicate an understanding of the teaching (select all that apply)?

A)"We will put plastic fillers in all electrical plugs."
B)"We will place poisonous substances in a high cupboard."
C)"We will place a gate at the top and bottom of stairways."
D)"We will keep our household hot water heater at 130 degrees."
E)"We will remove front knobs from the stove."

Question 52

The nurse should teach parents that which age is safe to give infants whole milk instead of commercial infant formula?

A)6 months
B)9 months
C)12 months
D)18 months

Question 53

In terms of gross motor development,what would the nurse expect a 5-month-old infant to do (select all that apply)?

A)Roll from abdomen to back.
B)Put feet in mouth when supine.
C)Roll from back to abdomen.
D)Sit erect without support.
E)Move from prone to sitting position.

Question 54

Pacifiers can be extremely dangerous because of the frequency of use and the intensity of the infant's suck.In teaching parents about appropriate pacifier selection,the nurse should explain that a pacifier should have which characteristics (select all that apply)?

A)Easily grasped handle
B)One-piece construction
C)Ribbon or string to secure to clothing
D)Soft, pliable material
E)Sturdy, flexible material