Deck 26: Upper Respiratory Problems

Question 1

The nurse obtains the following assessment data on an older patient who has influenza. Which information will be most important for the nurse to communicate to the health care provider?

A)Fever of 100.4° F (38° C)
B)Diffuse crackles in the lungs
C)Sore throat and frequent cough
D)Myalgia and persistent headache

Answer 1

Diffuse crackles in the lungs

Question 2

The nurse has just auscultated coarse crackles bilaterally on a patient with a tracheostomy tube in place. If the patient is unsuccessful in coughing up secretions,what action should the nurse take?

A)Encourage increased incentive spirometer use.
B)Encourage the patient to increase oral fluid intake.
C)Put on sterile gloves and use a sterile catheter to suction.
D)Preoxygenate the patient for 3 minutes before suctioning.

Answer 2

Put on sterile gloves and use a sterile catheter to suction.

Question 3

Which patient in the ear,nose,and throat (ENT)clinic should the nurse assess first?

A)A patient who is complaining of a sore throat and has a muffled voice
B)A patient who has a "scratchy throat" and a positive rapid strep antigen test
C)A patient who is receiving radiation for throat cancer and has severe fatigue
D)A patient with a history of a total laryngectomy whose stoma is red and inflamed

Answer 3

A patient who is complaining of a sore throat and has a muffled voice

Question 4

A patient scheduled for a total laryngectomy and radical neck dissection for cancer of the larynx asks the nurse,"Will I be able to talk normally after surgery?" What is the most accurate response by the nurse?

A)"You will breathe through a permanent opening in your neck, but you will not be able to communicate orally."
B)"You won't be able to talk right after surgery, but you will be able to speak again after the tracheostomy tube is removed."
C)"You will have a permanent opening into your neck, and you will need rehabilitation for some type of voice restoration."
D)"You won't be able to speak as you used to, but there are artificial voice devices that will give you the ability to speak normally."

Question 5

A patient arrives in the ear,nose,and throat clinic complaining of a piece of tissue being "stuck up my nose" and with foul-smelling nasal drainage from the right nare. Which action should the nurse take first?

A)Notify the clinic health care provider.
B)Obtain aerobic culture specimens of the drainage.
C)Ask the patient about how the cotton got into the nose.
D)Have the patient occlude the left nare and blow the nose.

Question 6

Which statement by the patient indicates that teaching has been effective for a patient scheduled for radiation therapy of the larynx?

A)"I will need to buy a water bottle to carry with me."
B)"I should not use any lotions on my neck and throat."
C)"Until the radiation is complete, I may have diarrhea."
D)"Alcohol-based mouthwashes will help clean my mouth."

Question 7

Which nursing action could the registered nurse (RN)working in a skilled care hospital unit delegate to an experienced licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)caring for a patient with a permanent tracheostomy?

A)Assess the patient's risk for aspiration.
B)Suction the tracheostomy when directed.
C)Teach the patient to provide tracheostomy self-care.
D)Determine the need for tracheostomy tube replacement.

Question 8

After being hit by a baseball,a patient arrives in the emergency department with a possible nasal fracture. Which finding by the nurse is most important to report to the health care provider?

A)Clear nasal drainage
B)Complaint of nasal pain
C)Bilateral nose swelling and bruising
D)Inability to breathe through the nose

Question 9

The nurse teaches a patient about discharge instructions after a rhinoplasty. Which statement,if made by the patient,indicates that the teaching was successful?

A)"My nose will look normal after 24 to 48 hours."
B)"I can take 800 mg ibuprofen every 6 hours for pain."
C)"I will remove and reapply the nasal packing every day."
D)"I will elevate my head for 48 hours to minimize swelling."

Question 10

After a laryngectomy,a patient coughs violently during suctioning and dislodges the tracheostomy tube. Which action should the nurse take first?

A)Arrange for arterial blood gases to be drawn immediately.
B)Cover stoma with sterile gauze and ventilate through stoma.
C)Attempt to reinsert the tracheostomy tube with the obturator in place.
D)Assess the patient's oxygen saturation and notify the health care provider.

Question 11

Which action should the nurse take first when a patient develops epistaxis?

A)Pack the affected nare tightly with an epistaxis balloon.
B)Apply squeezing pressure to the nostrils for 10 minutes.
C)Obtain silver nitrate that may be needed for cauterization.
D)Instill a vasoconstrictor medication into the affected nare.

Question 12

The nurse is caring for a hospitalized older patient who has nasal packing in place after a nosebleed. Which assessment finding will require the most immediate action by the nurse?

A)The oxygen saturation is 89%.
B)The nose appears red and swollen.
C)The patient reports level 8 (0 to 10 scale) pain.
D)The patient's temperature is 100.1° F (37.8° C).

Question 13

A nurse obtains a health history from a patient who has a 35 pack-year smoking history. The patient complains of hoarseness and tightness in the throat and difficulty swallowing. Which question is important for the nurse to ask?

A)"How much alcohol do you drink in an average week?"
B)"Do you have a family history of head or neck cancer?"
C)"Have you had frequent streptococcal throat infections?"
D)"Do you use antihistamines for upper airway congestion?"

Question 14

A patient with a tracheostomy has a new order for a fenestrated tracheostomy tube. Which action should the nurse include in the plan of care in collaboration with the speech therapist?

A)Leave the tracheostomy inner cannula inserted at all times.
B)Place the decannulation cap in the tube before cuff deflation.
C)Assess the ability to swallow before using the fenestrated tube.
D)Inflate the tracheostomy cuff during use of the fenestrated tube.

Question 15

A nurse is caring for a patient who has had a total laryngectomy and radical neck dissection. During the first 24 hours after surgery what is the priority nursing action?

A)Monitor the incision for bleeding.
B)Maintain adequate IV fluid intake.
C)Keep the patient in semi-Fowler's position.
D)Teach the patient to suction the tracheostomy.

Question 16

The nurse plans to teach a patient how to manage allergic rhinitis. Which information should the nurse include in the teaching plan?

A)Using oral antihistamines for 2 weeks before the allergy season may prevent reactions.
B)Identifying and avoiding environmental triggers are the best way to prevent symptoms.
C)Frequent hand washing is the primary way to prevent spreading the condition to others.
D)Corticosteroid nasal sprays will reduce inflammation, but systemic effects limit their use.

Question 17

A patient who had a total laryngectomy has a nursing diagnosis of hopelessness related to loss of control of personal care. Which information obtained by the nurse indicates that this identified problem is resolving?

A)The patient allows the nurse to suction the tracheostomy.
B)The patient's spouse provides the daily tracheostomy care.
C)The patient asks how to clean the tracheostomy stoma and tube.
D)The patient uses a communication board to request "No Visitors."

Question 18

The nurse completes discharge instructions for a patient with a total laryngectomy. Which statement by the patient indicates that additional instruction is needed?

A)"I must keep the stoma covered with an occlusive dressing."
B)"I need to have smoke and carbon monoxide detectors installed."
C)"I can participate in my prior fitness activities except swimming."
D)"I should wear a Medic-Alert bracelet to identify me as a neck breather."

Question 19

The nurse is caring for a mechanically ventilated patient with a cuffed tracheostomy tube. Which action by the nurse would determine if the cuff has been properly inflated?

A)Use a hand-held manometer to measure cuff pressure.
B)Review the health record for the prescribed cuff pressure.
C)Suction the patient through a fenestrated inner cannula to clear secretions.
D)Insert the decannulation plug before removing the nonfenestrated inner cannula.

Question 20

The nurse discusses management of upper respiratory infections (URIs)with a patient who has acute sinusitis. Which statement by the patient indicates that additional teaching is needed?

A)"I will drink lots of juices and other fluids to stay well hydrated."
B)"I can use nasal decongestant spray until the congestion is gone."
C)"I can take acetaminophen (Tylenol) to treat my sinus discomfort."
D)"I will watch for changes in nasal secretions or the sputum that I cough up."

Question 21

When assessing a patient with a sore throat,the nurse notes anterior cervical lymph node swelling,a temperature of 101.6° F (38.7° C),and yellow patches on the tonsils. Which action will the nurse anticipate taking?

A)Teach the patient about the use of expectorants.
B)Use a swab to obtain a sample for a rapid strep antigen test.
C)Discuss the need to rinse the mouth out after using any inhalers.
D)Teach the patient to avoid nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Question 22

The nurse is caring for a patient who has acute pharyngitis caused by Candida albicans. Which action is appropriate for the nurse to include in the plan of care?

A)Assess patient for allergies to penicillin antibiotics.
B)Teach the patient to sleep in a warm, dry environment.
C)Avoid giving the patient warm food or warm liquids to drink.
D)Teach patient to "swish and swallow" prescribed oral nystatin

Question 23

The nurse is reviewing the medical records for five patients who are scheduled for their yearly physical examinations in September. Which patients should receive the inactivated influenza vaccination ?

A)A 76-yr-old nursing home resident
B)A 36-yr-old female patient who is pregnant
C)A 42-yr-old patient who has a 15 pack-year smoking history
D)A 30-yr-old patient who takes corticosteroids for rheumatoid arthritis
E)A 24-yr-old patient who has allergies to penicillin and cephalosporins

Question 24

The clinic nurse is teaching a patient with acute sinusitis. Which interventions should the nurse plan to include in the teaching session ?

A)Decongestants can be used to relieve swelling.
B)Blowing the nose should be avoided to decrease the nosebleed risk.
C)Taking a hot shower will increase sinus drainage and decrease pain.
D)Saline nasal spray can be made at home and used to wash out secretions.
E)You will be more comfortable if you keep your head in an upright position.

Question 25

The nurse assumes care of a patient who just returned from surgery for a total laryngectomy and radical neck dissection and notes the following problems. In which order should the nurse address the problems? (Put a comma and a space between each answer choice [A,B,C,D].)

A)The patient is in a side-lying position with the head of the bed flat.
B)The patient is coughing blood-tinged secretions from the tracheostomy.
C)The nasogastric (NG) tube is disconnected from suction and clamped off.
D)The wound drain in the neck incision contains 200 mL of bloody drainage.