Deck 14: Head and Neck

Question 1

A patient reports a painful swelling located between the angle of the jaw and the sternocleidomastoid muscle.Her physician determines that the pathology is congenital in origin.What is the most likely problem?

A)Persistence of the thyroglossal duct
B)Persistence of the third pharyngeal pouch
C)DiGeorge's syndrome
D)Hypertelorism
E)None of the above

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The second pharyngeal arch contributes to the ________________.

A)Cochlea, ear lobe
B)Auditory tube, incus
C)Stapes, ear lobe
D)Auditory tube, stapes
E)Otic vesicle, stapes

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Defective formation of the forebrain is the underlying cause of _____________.

A)Oblique facial cleft
B)Cleft palate
C)Holoprosencephaly
D)Treacher Collins syndrome
E)Agnathia

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The greater horn (cornu)of the hyoid bone is a derivative of the ____________ pharyngeal arch.

A)First
B)Second
C)Third
D)Fourth
E)Sixth

Question 5

The glossopharyngeal nerve innervates the musculature derived from which pharyngeal arch?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)6

Question 6

Which of the following determines the specific form of a tooth?

A)Oral epithelium
B)Dental lamina
C)Oral mesoderm
D)Enamel organ
E)Neural crest mesenchyme

Question 7

In cases of holoprosencephaly,defects of facial structures are typically secondary to defects of the ________________.

A)Pharynx
B)Oral cavity
C)Forebrain
D)Eyes
E)Hindbrain

Question 8

In keeping with its embryological origin,the sensory innervation of the body of the tongue is from cranial nerve __________.

A)V
B)VII
C)IX
D)X
E)XII

Question 9

The earliest induction in tooth development consists of the ectoderm of the dental epithelium acting on the underlying neural crest mesenchyme.Which of the following molecules is an important mediator of the inductive stimulus?

A)Bone morphogenetic protein-4
B)Sonic hedgehog
C)Hoxb
D)Hoax
E)Pax-6

Question 10

A teenage boy who develops a painful swelling in the neck just anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle is most likely to have a ________________.

A)Teratoma
B)Lateral cervical (branchial) cyst
C)Encephalocele
D)Thyroglossal duct sinus
E)Persistent Meckel's cartilage

Question 11

The nasolacrimal duct arises as a furrow located between the ________________.

A)Maxillary process and mandibular arch
B)Nasomedial and nasolateral processes
C)Forebrain prominence (frontonasal process) and maxillary process
D)Nasolateral and maxillary processes
E)Forebrain prominence (frontonasal process) and nasomedial process

Question 12

Most of the facial muscles arise from the ______________.

A)Neural crest
B)Somites
C)Somitomeres
D)Splanchnic mesoderm

Question 13

The facial (VII)nerve supplies muscles derived from the ______________ pharyngeal arch.

A)First
B)Second
C)Third
D)Fourth
E)Sixth

Question 14

Meckel's cartilage is a prominent component during the early formation of the ____________.

A)Upper jaw
B)Lower jaw
C)Nasal septum
D)Hard palate
E)Soft palate

Question 15

What type of ectopic tissue is most likely to be found in the tongue?

A)Thyroid
B)Parathyroid
C)Anterior pituitary
D)Thymus
E)None of the above

Question 16

An oblique facial cleft is due to incomplete fusion of the ____________.

A)Nasolateral process with maxillary process
B)Nasomedial process with mandibular process
C)Nasomedial process with nasolateral process
D)Nasomedial process with maxillary process
E)Nasolateral process with mandibular process

Question 17

Which of the following associations is correct?

A)Enamel - Oral ectoderm; Dentine - Oral ectoderm
B)Enamel - Oral ectoderm; Dentine - Cranial mesoderm
C)Enamel - Neural crest ectoderm; Dentine - Neural crest ectoderm
D)Enamel - Oral ectoderm; Dentine - Neural crest ectoderm
E)Enamel - Neural crest ectoderm; Dentine - Cranial mesoderm

Question 18

Cyclopia,an extreme form of holoprosencephaly,is secondary to a major deficiency in the formation of the _______________.

A)Nasolateral process
B)Nasomedial process
C)Forebrain
D)Midbrain
E)Hindbrain

Question 19

The foramen cecum represents the original location of the primordium of the ____________.

A)Thymus
B)Parathyroid glands
C)Thyroid gland
D)Anterior lobe of pituitary gland
E)Posterior lobe of pituitary gland

Question 20

The external auditory meatus arises from branchial grove _________.

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 21

In bilateral cleft lip,the clefts are typically found between the _______________.

A)Central incisor teeth
B)Central and lateral incisor teeth
C)Lateral incisor and canine teeth
D)Canine and first molar teeth
E)First and second molar teeth

Question 22

The earlobe is derived from pharyngeal arch _______.

A)I
B)II
C)III
D)IV
E)VI

Question 23

Which of the following structures would be expected to develop normally in individuals with the DiGeorge's syndrome?

A)Aortic arches
B)Parathyroid glands
C)Thymus
D)Truncus arteriosus
E)Parotid gland

Question 24

Which of the following associations is correct?

A)Pharyngeal arch 1 - stapes
B)Pharyngeal arch 1 - muscles of facial expression
C)Pharyngeal arch 3 - stylopharyngeus muscle
D)Pharyngeal arch 3 - lesser horn (cornu) of the hyoid bone
E)Pharyngeal arch 2 - Meckel's cartilage

Question 25

Which family of molecules is heavily involved in patterning along the (proximodistal)length of the embryonic mandible?

A)Dlx
B)Otx
C)Hedgehog
D)Msx
E)None of the above

Question 26

Which association is correct?

A)Pharyngeal arch 2 - Meckel's cartilage
B)Lesser horn of hyoid - styloid process
C)Masseter muscle - facial nerve
D)Posterior belly of the digastric muscle - pharyngeal arch 3
E)Glossopharyngeal nerve - stylopharyngeus muscle

Question 27

Which structure arises from a different pharyngeal arch from the others?

A)Hyoid artery
B)Stapes
C)Facial nerve
D)Incus
E)Posterior belly of the digastric muscle

Question 28

Cyclopia,an extreme form of holoprosencephaly,results from a lack of ____________.

A)Pax-2
B)Wnt-2
C)Msx-1
D)Sonic hedgehog
E)Fibroblast growth factor-4

Question 29

Dentin is secreted by cells derived from the ________________.

A)Ectoderm
B)Mesoderm
C)Endoderm
D)Neural crest
E)None of the above

Question 30

Cleft lip results from a lack of fusion of the _______________.

A)Nasomedial and nasolateral processes
B)Nasomedial and maxillary processes
C)Nasolateral and maxillary processes
D)Nasolateral and mandibular processes
E)Nasomedial and mandibular processes

Question 31

Activity of which molecule steers the differentiation of pancreatic progenitor cells toward the exocrine pathway?

A)Neurogenin-3
B)Pax-6
C)Pax-4
D)Notch
E)None of the above

Question 32

Which of the following cranial nerves does not contribute to the sensory innervation of the tongue?

A)Trigeminal (V) nerve
B)Facial (VII) nerve
C)Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve
D)Vagus (X) nerve
E)Hypoglossal (XII) nerve

Question 33

The philtrum of the lip is formed by the _______________.

A)Frontonasal prominence
B)Nasomedial processes
C)Nasolateral processes
D)Primary palate
E)Nasolacrimal groove