Deck 15: Black Southerners Challenge White Supremacy

Question 1

What difficulty did black children not face in trying to get an education in the late nineteenth century?

A) In rural areas, schools were open for very limited amounts of time.
B) Often, children were required to assist parents with agricultural work.
C) Almost no black high schools existed in the South-education was limited to primary levels only.
D) The South gave funding to black schools, but since they wanted black children to be taught to be submissive, black communities refused the money.

Answer 1

The South gave funding to black schools, but since they wanted black children to be taught to be submissive, black communities refused the money.

Question 2

What was not a reason why some people were critical of Washington's approach with the Tuskegee Institute?

A) Critics would have preferred an emphasis on liberal arts education.
B) Critics felt it merely prepared blacks to accept subordinate positions in life.
C) Critics felt Washington's model merely continued forms of labor perpetuated in slavery.
D) Critics often felt that Washington was pushing too hard for change.

Answer 2

Critics often felt that Washington was pushing too hard for change.

Question 3

How did the Morrill Act of 1862 assist with education for blacks?

A) It permitted states to use money from the sale of public land to establish schools.
B) The Morrill Act allowed blacks to use federal money to set up schools.
C) It did not. Southern states refused to allow blacks entry into the schools created until a second act was passed in 1890.
D) The Morrill Act gave scholarships to children of farm workers.

Answer 3

It did not. Southern states refused to allow blacks entry into the schools created until a second act was passed in 1890.

Question 4

Which Protestant denomination had the most black members in the South in 1890?

A) African Episcopalian Methodist
B) Methodist
C) Baptist
D) Nation of Islam

Question 5

How were black church services often different from white church services?

A) They were actually very similar, since blacks had been members of white churches before forming their own churches.
B) Black members were verbally involved in the sermon and music to a greater degree.
C) Black churches were often more serious and quiet.
D) Black churches included more participation from children, while whites generally excluded them.

Question 6

What was at least part of the reason Holiness churches appealed to some blacks?

A) Holiness churches were less formal and ritualistic than other black churches.
B) Holiness churches generally rewarded their members with a limited source of income.
C) Music, including ragtime, blues, and jazz, was often a part of their services.
D) Holiness churches preached the democracy of heaven and equality of all in the eyes of God.

Question 7

Why were many black troops assigned to Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas?

A) Those states had significant uprisings of black citizens at the time.
B) Those states had the lowest population numbers, and many thought they would be a good place for blacks.
C) They were needed to fight the frequent forest fires that broke out, not for combat roles.
D) Whites thought that blacks could tolerate the heat better.

Question 8

What did many people think was an appropriate education for black students?

A) vocational training, in a skill or trade
B) liberal arts education
C) training to be a doctor or lawyer
D) training in the sciences.

Question 9

Which of the following is true about the message relayed by black ministers?

A) Some refused to challenge white supremacy, thinking it dangerous.
B) Some purposefully told members to avoid white middle-class values.
C) Many emphasized the peace and joys earthly life over heaven.
D) Most ministers directly challenged Jim Crow laws and encouraged black nationalism.

Question 10

What black college did Booker T. Washington found in 1872?

A) Hampton Institute
B) Tuskegee Institute in Alabama
C) University of Alabama
D) Washington State University

Question 11

How was Booker T. Washington's message received by whites?

A) Washington became a wanted man for his messages to blacks about social equality.
B) Whites embraced his non-threatening acceptance of white superiority, and many supported him financially.
C) Whites generally ignored Washington.
D) Whites tended to support Washington's critics, rather than Washington.

Question 12

What was social Darwinism?

A) the idea that man evolved from monkeys
B) a theory that applied Darwin's theory of "survival of the fittest" to human society; white English and Germans were biologically superior to blacks
C) the idea that blacks, not whites, evolved from monkeys
D) the theory that all human males were less social animals than human females, and were therefore superior

Question 13

Who was Hampton Institute's most famous and prized student?

Question 14

What skills were stressed for blacks and Native Americans at the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute?

A) critical, analytical thinking in traditional liberal arts areas
B) the Hampton School was actually a training ground for future lawyers
C) learning hard work in a trade, Christian morality, and middle-class values
D) they were learning how to live life in African colonies

Question 15

What was not a belief of Booker T. Washington about opportunities for blacks?

A) Washington believed blacks should learn cleanliness and proper morality.
B) Washington believed that blacks should learn agricultural skills.
C) Washington believed that blacks should stress skilled labor, like carpentry.
D) Washington believed that blacks should work for the right to vote while they worked for economic success.

Question 16

Which of the following is true about black ministers?

A) They often presented thoughtful, deliberate sermons.
B) They were very rarely female.
C) They usually had at least a high school education.
D) They were generally not very influential in the general community.

Question 17

What was the "talented tenth"?

A) the most wealthy and influential group of whites; Washington felt all blacks should try to aspire to be like them
B) the top ten percent of black society; leaders like Du Bois felt that this group should lead blacks to greater social and political equality
C) the best group of students each year from Tuskegee; Washington generally rewarded them with land of their own to start out
D) the top ten percent of young black students, who were rewarded by Du Bois with jobs in the North

Question 18

Which church was the only significant one in early twentieth century America that was truly interracial in nature?

A) the Baptist Church
B) the Pentecostal Church
C) the Methodist Church
D) the African Episcopalian Methodist Church

Question 19

Where did most black men in the army after the Civil War spend their time?

A) in the South, fighting the Ku Klux Klan
B) in the West, fighting Native Americans
C) stationed in Europe
D) in the North at training stations, performing menial tasks

Question 20

What was the "white man's burden"?

A) the far greater benefits of wealth that white men had
B) the burden of political power and technological development
C) the duty of superior, more civilized white countries to educate and bring culture to backward, inferior races
D) a belief of some radical blacks that whites were actually the inferior race

Question 21

What was the Spanish-American War about?

A) America wanted to liberate Cuba from Spanish control.
B) America wanted to capture the Philippines.
C) America wanted portions of Canada, occupied at that time by the Spanish.
D) America was attempting to gain control of portions of Spanish Africa.

Question 22

What "first" occurred with the Spanish-American War for blacks?

A) Blacks were involved in combat.
B) Black soldiers reached ranks above private.
C) A few all-black units were commanded by black men.
D) Black women also served with the men.

Question 23

What did the National Colored Labor Union, organized in 1869, emphasize for its members?

A) It was only in existence a short time, because it emphasized pushing for the right to vote.
B) The NCLU organized many strikes, which, although unsuccessful, succeeded in bringing attention to black issues and discrimination.
C) The only solution to the black labor problem was a move to Africa to start fresh.
D) They should not go on strike and should work hard, because whites were just going to take advantage of them.

Question 24

What did the American Federation of Labor think about black involvement in unions?

A) It had a very open membership, and allowed any worker into its ranks.
B) It refused entry to blacks or women.
C) It allowed black men into the union, but not black women.
D) It only allowed factory workers of any race, not agricultural workers, and therefore excluded a large portion of blacks.

Question 25

What was the "Brownsville incident"?

A) an incident where black troops were accused of raping a white woman
B) a shooting match in the Texas border town, where blacks were blamed
C) an effort by white troops to murder an entire black battalion, and leave them for dead
D) an incident where black troops were prosecuted for stealing cattle, although they had been given no rations that month

Question 26

Why did blacks serve in the Spanish-American War?

A) They were enthusiastic about fighting against whites.
B) They hoped to demonstrate their bravery and worth to whites, and thereby eliminate racism and hostility.
C) They were forced into service through the draft.
D) Blacks were not allowed to serve in the military during the Spanish American War.

Question 27

At the Chicago World's Columbian Exposition:

A) African American colleges displayed exhibits with academic work, skilled work by students, and photos of the campuses.
B) African nations were portrayed as more advanced than stereotypically thought.
C) African Americans were only allowed into the fair on certain days when whites weren't there.
D) The fair was welcomed and promoted by all African Americans.

Question 28

What was the result of the Brownsville Affair?

A) Without a trial or hearing, and with scant evidence, President Teddy Roosevelt quickly dismissed three companies of black men, blaming them for the violence.
B) Black troops were given medals for their valor and heroism.
C) The black man responsible for the rape was quickly lynched.
D) The entire town of Brownsville was burned to the ground by angry blacks.

Question 29

How did blacks feel about fighting Native Americans?

A) Most felt no worries or concerns at all. They felt a genuine pride in being professional soldiers.
B) They quickly identified with the Native Americans, and often deserted the white man's cause.
C) Most wanted to completely eliminate the Native American from the earth.
D) African Americans tended to be stationed in the East, and had no real contact with Native Americans.

Question 30

Which of the following is true about blacks in business in the late nineteenth century?

A) Some blacks had the opportunity to move up in white-owned corporations.
B) In order to succeed in business, blacks generally had to cater to other blacks.
C) Many blacks were able to succeed with whites by being totally subservient.
D) Blacks actually had no businesses of their own during the late nineteenth century.

Question 31

Which event triggered the beginning of the Spanish-American War?

A) the invasion of Cuba by a group of Americans
B) Spanish hostilities in southern Florida
C) the sinking of the battleship Maine
D) Spain's attack on Miami in 1898

Question 32

What were some of the differences between life for a black soldier and life for a white soldier?

A) Black soldiers faced long hours of boredom and inactivity.
B) Black soldiers deserted more frequently, because of poor treatment.
C) Blacks received far worse food rations, equipment, and horses.
D) Black soldiers always went to fight on the front, so that whites could be safe.

Question 33

What tactic did whites in Atlanta not use to break the widespread washerwomen's strike in 1881?

A) They arrested some of the strike leaders for disorderly conduct.
B) They threatened to force black women to purchase business licenses.
C) They brought in convict labor to perform washing duties for white Atlantans.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 34

What issues did some blacks and whites bring up to criticize the Spanish-American War?

A) It was merely a way for Americans to kill off black Americans.
B) The war was far too costly, and would hurt America's economy..
C) Some saw it merely as an attempt to extend subjugation of darker races and Jim Crow laws outside America's borders.
D) That the war dragged on far too long.

Question 35

How did black workers attempt to change their working conditions and status?

A) Some organized into unions.
B) Black workers were forced into accepting their conditions.
C) Some black workers became violent and worked to overthrow capitalism.
D) Generally, blacks were happy with the jobs they had.

Question 36

Where did the term "buffalo soldiers" come from?

A) Blacks would use their free time to herd buffalo.
B) Native Americans admired blacks' fighting abilities, and thought their hair similar to the buffalo.
C) Blacks would frequently desert and run away during combat, a trait the Indians thought was like the buffalo.
D) Whites thought that blacks were so lazy and cowardly that they were going to be slaughtered like the buffalo.

Question 37

Which national labor union included blacks and whites as its members?

A) Knights of Labor
B) American Federation of Labor
C) National Labor Union
D) Equality United Labor Union.

Question 38

Why did most strikes fail during the late nineteenth century?

A) Government and the police helped the businessmen over the workers.
B) Unions were very new, and really had no organization.
C) Unions had very few members until the twentieth century, as few were interested.
D) Government forbid all unions until 1934, so the only unions available were underground organizations.

Question 39

Why did whites send blacks to fight in Cuba?

A) They thought blacks were actually braver.
B) They thought blacks were immune to yellow fever, and would withstand the climate better.
C) They were hoping that a majority of blacks in America would be killed in the fighting.
D) The whites responsible for military policy understood that fighting would prove blacks the equal to whites.

Question 40

Why is Madam C. J. Walker significant?

A) She was a wealthy aristocrat from France, who financially supported black protest against segregation.
B) She was an influential author and poet.
C) She became a very wealthy businesswoman, selling a hair-care product to black women.
D) She was the first African-American woman to vote.

Question 41

Who was the first prominent jazz musician?

A) Jelly Roll Morton
B) Louis Armstrong
C) Miles Davis
D) Scott Joplin

Question 42

Which of the following teams did not allow black players after about 1887?

A) the Norfolk Red Stockings
B) the Cuban X Giants
C) the Chicago Unions
D) the Chicago White Stockings

Question 43

Which of the following is true about college athletics?

A) Blacks were generally allowed to play sports at northern schools.
B) Black institutions occasionally played white institutions in athletic events.
C) Black teams never encountered abuse from white opposing teams and fans.
D) Black colleges did not have the funding to play sports.

Question 44

What legal organization did blacks form, since the American Bar Association would not include them?

A) the Negro Lawyers Protection Association
B) the Black Bar
C) the National Bar Association
D) the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

Question 45

Who is regarded as the "father of the blues"?

Question 46

In what sport did white Americans find the presence of blacks particularly disturbing, and yet they never officially banned interracial activity?

A) baseball
B) football
C) basketball
D) boxing

Question 47

Why did five of the seven existing black medical schools close down around 1910?

A) They could attract no students.
B) Because whites recommended the strengthening of the medical profession, partially by eliminating weaker medical schools.
C) White mobs attacked and burned them down.
D) White politicians decided to restrict funding to blacks in the medical profession.

Question 48

What subjects did early blues music cover?

A) generally only broken relationships
B) virtually anything, from trains to fast women
C) blues music was limited exclusively to political protest
D) early blues music was without lyrics. The songs had no messages

Question 49

How did white authorities harass heavyweight champion Jack Johnson?

A) They had him arrested for violating the Mann Act when he married a white woman.
B) White police in New York shot at him frequently when he was out in public.
C) Johnson had to pay much higher entry fees than other white boxers.
D) They took away his title when he knocked out a white man.

Question 50

Who began the push to eliminate black men from major league baseball?

Question 51

What were "minstrel shows"?

A) traveling groups of actors and musicians, some portraying blacks as stereotypical caricatures
B) groups of actors who performed mime shows
C) puppet shows-blacks exhibited great skill at the art form
D) black artists who would exhibit their paintings in public areas

Question 52

What was characteristic of ragtime music?

A) It had very complex rhythms, emphasized by drums and clapping.
B) It was actually an African type of music, imported to America in the early twentieth century.
C) It was performed on the piano, without lyrics.
D) Ragtime was a pre-civil war phenomenon that never had written music or lyrics.

Question 53

Which was not a difference between jazz and ragtime?

A) Jazz was mostly improvised.
B) Jazz used many different instruments.
C) Jazz originated in New Orleans.
D) Jazz originated among white musicians, but black artists quickly took it over.

Question 54

What art form gradually replaced ragtime in popularity in the early twentieth century?

A) a more sophisticated ragtime, with drums and the banjo
B) jazz
C) soul music
D) gospel recordings

Question 55

Why did many black lawyers have a hard time making a living?

A) Blacks often preferred to hire white lawyers, which they believed could improve their chances of winning their cases.
B) Judges refused to allow blacks to practice in white courts.
C) Black lawyers were not allowed to work for money, since they could not be licensed.
D) Occupational taxes for black lawyers were higher than for whites.

Question 56

How were black nurses exploited during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century?

A) Generally, whites did not allow black women to become nurses.
B) Black physicians would often hire them out to individuals, but refuse to allow them to keep their pay.
C) Black nurses were never paid for their services..
D) Black nurses were only allowed to work on the front lines during wartime, under the most dangerous conditions.