Deck 22: Black Nationalism, Black Power, Black Arts, 1965-1976

Question 1

Who was the first black woman to make the FBI's Ten Most Wanted list?

Answer 1

Angela Davis

Question 2

How did the candidacy of George Wallace, an avowed racist, fare in the presidential election of 1964?

A) Wallace did surprisingly well in several states outside the South.
B) Wallace received almost no support in any area. The failure of his candidacy indicated that racial attitudes were changing.
C) Wallace was beaten very narrowly by Johnson in the primaries.
D) Wallace received the support of all the deep South states, but no others.

Answer 2

Wallace did surprisingly well in several states outside the South.

Question 3

What was not a view of Malcolm X about changing black people's status in America prior to 1964?

A) He thought that nonviolence was an ineffective tactic.
B) He rejected integration, saying that most blacks did not want to spend time with whites.
C) He felt that real revolution would only come with bloodshed.
D) He hoped to work with the NAACP and Martin Luther King to affect change.

Answer 3

He hoped to work with the NAACP and Martin Luther King to affect change.

Question 4

How did Stokely Carmichael change SNCC around 1965?

A) He expelled all white members.
B) He began to admit whites.
C) He forced all members to renounce nonviolence and Christianity.
D) He set age limitations on group members in order to allow only college-age students to be members.

Question 5

Why were people surprised by the Detroit riot in the summer of 1967?

A) Detroit had already had a large riot the summer before, and things seemed quieter.
B) Detroit had never had any race problems before.
C) Detroit seemed a model city for race relations, especially with the importance of Motown.
D) Detroit blacks were among the best paid in the country.

Question 6

How did President Johnson respond to the riots in the summer of 1967?

A) He declared martial law in most large urban areas for the remainder of the summer, and restored the peace.
B) He established a commission to investigate the conflicts, and come up with solutions.
C) He ignored the riots and hoped that they would die down on their own.
D) He began drafting more black men from those areas for the war.

Question 7

What were conditions like for most urban blacks during the 1960s?

A) Economically, most blacks were far worse off than white Americans.
B) Most urban blacks were gaining in status and prestige at the time.
C) Most urban blacks were doing far better than urban whites at the time.
D) Urban blacks and urban whites were at about the same economic level.

Question 8

What did Carmichael say Black Power meant?

A) reverse discrimination, favoring blacks over whites by any means necessary
B) positive self-identity, racial pride, and independent economic and political power
C) the removal of segregation
D) Carmichael never really defined black power

Question 9

What was a primary complaint among many black communities that had riots in the years from 1965 to 1969?

A) charges of black men raping white women
B) charges of police brutality or unfair, discriminatory practices
C) charges that blacks had been trying to exercise political power
D) Urban riots in those years were sparked solely by white racism. Blacks never participated in the riots.

Question 10

What sparked the uprising at Attica Prison in New York?

A) the murder of a black prison guard by white inmates
B) the rape of a white prison nurse by a black inmate
C) George Jackson's death - he was shot and killed by prison guards after being accused of murdering a guard
D) the revelation that a leader of the prison inmates was actually an FBI informant

Question 11

What was not a type of program started by the Black Panthers in urban areas?

A) efforts to reform the American prison system
B) programs to educate people about the dangers of drugs
C) programs to educate blacks about their history
D) efforts to work with police to establish better relations with communities

Question 12

Which of the following was not a Great Society program?

A) Community Action Programs
B) Head Start
C) Social Security Act
D) Volunteers in Service to America

Question 13

How did H. Rap Brown change the rhetoric of the Black Power Movement?

A) He began adopting nonviolence, and stressing a return to Christian values.
B) He used more violent language, and threatened destruction and violent acts to obtain what he wanted.
C) He advocated the forceful overthrow of the United States government, to be replaced by a government similar to the Soviet Union's.
D) He hoped to place women's rights as a central part of the movement's goals.

Question 14

How did Malcolm X's views begin to change after his visit to Mecca in 1964?

A) He became more in favor of segregation and subordination for blacks.
B) He renounced his former view that all whites were evil, and began speaking about connections between systems in Africa and the United States.
C) He began speaking for the use of violence and force to overcome racism.
D) He began to insist that all blacks move to Africa.

Question 15

What was significant about Newark, New Jersey during 1967, and may have provoked its riot that year?

A) Newark had the most highly educated black population in the nation.
B) Newark had the highest level of unemployed mothers with teenaged children.
C) The city had the highest unemployment rate for black men in the United States.
D) Newark was one of the only segregated cities in the North.

Question 16

To what religion or denomination did Malcolm Little convert while in prison?

A) Baptist
B) African Episcopalian Methodist
C) Nation of Islam
D) the Peace Mission Movement

Question 17

How did California demonstrate in 1964 that it was opposed to racial desegregation?

A) It did not-California has always been at the forefront of legislation promoting racial equity, since it is such a diverse state.
B) Although it was later declared unconstitutional, Californians approved a law allowing voter registration solely on the basis of race.
C) It passed a state constitutional amendment repealing all legislation banning discrimination in housing.
D) Californians passed a law in that year promoting segregated schools, and abolishing some public schools in mostly black areas.

Question 18

Why did the Black Panthers alarm white Americans?

A) They advocated self-defense, and frequently patrolled black neighborhoods with guns to protect them.
B) They were stressing a return to segregation, which had become unpopular.
C) They advocated violence against all whites, regardless of political views.
D) They hoped to move all African Americans to Africa, thereby removing an important part of the labor force.

Question 19

What was the first political organization to adopt the black panther as its symbol?

A) the Black Panther Party
B) the Democratic Party
C) the Africa Free Party
D) the Lowndes County Freedom Organization

Question 20

On what did the Kerner Commission blame the riots?

A) unfair drafting practices of the United States Army during the Vietnam War
B) widespread hunger among African Americans
C) blacks attempting to make too many gains too fast
D) white racism and the unequal treatment of blacks

Question 21

How did Johnson feel about U.S. involvement in Vietnam?

A) He thought if he fought the war in Vietnam, he would gain more support for his domestic programs.
B) He was very excited about the war and a chance to beat the communists and prove American military superiority.
C) He had mixed feelings. He didn't want to lose the war to the communists, but he knew it would hurt his Great Society programs.
D) Johnson had repeatedly looked for ways to get out of Vietnam since he took office from Kennedy.

Question 22

Who was the "Godfather of Soul"?

A) Berry Gordy
B) Chuck Berry
C) Miles Davis
D) James Brown

Question 23

Why was Berry Gordy important in black music and life?

A) He was the first black presidential candidate, in addition to founding Motown.
B) He contributed to the civil rights movement both through the production of black music, and also through financing important ventures.
C) He helped to stop the Detroit Race Riot, both in 1957 and 1967.
D) He was the primary politician behind the Civil Rights Act of 1964..

Question 24

What was Project 100,000?

A) a program designed to increase the number of draftees for the Vietnam War by lowering standards and requirements
B) a program designed to help 100,000 more young blacks get into traditionally white colleges
C) a program to give money to the poorest 100,000 families in America, most of them black
D) a program to give medical insurance to the 100,000 people injured in urban riots during the 1960s

Question 25

What led to the downfall of Great Society programs?

A) Lyndon Johnson's increased spending on the Vietnam War
B) Johnson losing interest in the Great Society
C) the election of Richard Nixon
D) the violence of the Black Power movement

Question 26

Who was often considered the most popular black writer of the black arts movement?

A) James Baldwin
B) Richard Wright
C) Martin Luther King
D) LeRoi Jones

Question 27

What was not an effect of the Tet Offensive on Johnson?

A) He announced that he would not run for president again.
B) He said he would halt the bombing of North Vietnam.
C) He wanted to begin to negotiate for peace in the war.
D) He decided to step up military maneuvers in Vietnam.

Question 28

How did Vietnam affect black participation in the armed forces?

A) As with every other war in American history, blacks were relegated to menial tasks, and rarely fought in combat roles.
B) Blacks refused to serve in the Vietnam War, thinking it was a white man's war to dominate a darker skinned people.
C) Blacks served in increasing percentages, and were sent out for combat frequently.
D) Vietnam actually saw a return to segregated military forces.

Question 29

Which of the following was not a characteristic of poetry during the black arts movement?

A) It combined sounds and rhythms of the street, music, and religious sermons.
B) It was published by a variety of journals in Chicago, Detroit, and New York.
C) It generally only used very formal, stilted language to dramatize the effects of white society on black life.
D) The only poetry published was by black men.

Question 30

Who was the leader of the Vietnamese Communists in 1945 and after?

A) Kim Il Sung
B) Ho Chi Minh
C) Vo Nguyen Giap
D) Nguyen Minh

Question 31

Why did some politicians oppose the Great Society?

A) They didn't want certain people---especially poor, previously disfranchised people---voting.
B) They felt that these programs ignored the problems of poverty.
C) They thought the programs did not spend enough.
D) The programs were too conservative for Democrats.

Question 32

Why did King begin plans for the Poor People's Campaign in 1967?

A) After working briefly in Chicago, he realized that racial discrimination and economics were closely linked-and any attempt to better the situation for blacks would have to involve economic gains.
B) His advisors notified him that he was losing support among poor people in the cities, because he had done little to help their economic situation.
C) The Poor People's Campaign was actually a program initiated by Lyndon Johnson.
D) King hoped to gain the support of the poor when he ran for president in 1968.

Question 33

What was a goal of the Poor People's Campaign?

A) only to help poor people gain access to health care
B) to help poor people clean up their neighborhoods, and have better access to city services like garbage pickup
C) a federally guaranteed minimum income for everyone
D) to try to get better treatment from police, who constantly victimized poor blacks

Question 34

How did the Vietnamese see the Americans after the defeat of the French in 1954?

A) as just another white colonial power attempting to keep them from independence
B) as liberators from French domination
C) as freedom fighters, helping them win their independence from China
D) as role models in the attempt to restore democracy

Question 35

Why did many black intellectuals feel that jazz was so important to blacks?

A) Jazz was very controlled and rhythmic, and stressed classical learning.
B) Jazz required greater understanding of art and literature than any other music form.
C) The music seemed to challenge Western views of music, and had long been a way for blacks to express their feelings and individuality.
D) Black intellectuals frequently denigrated jazz as only for common people.

Question 36

Who is widely credited with assassinating King?

A) John Hinckley
B) James Earl Ray
C) Ted Bundy
D) Louis Farrakhan

Question 37

How was the black arts movement criticized?

A) for being racist
B) for being too concerned with art for art's sake and not enough with politics or inequality
C) for being too male-centered and homophobic
D) for taking advantage of working-class people

Question 38

How did King feel about the Vietnam War after 1966?

A) He became more supportive of the war as the United States began beating the communists there.
B) He never made a public statement about the war.
C) He was increasingly critical of the war as well as the idea that blacks should fight for a country that wouldn't guarantee or protect their civil rights.
D) He vacillated constantly over the war, and never really came to a firm position before his death.

Question 39

Who found jazz music the most important and influential during the black arts movement?

A) the general black population
B) black intellectuals
C) white intellectuals
D) black women

Question 40

What did the black arts movement see as the role of art in black life?

A) Art should be uplifting and simply provide an escape from everyday life's worries.
B) Art should be combined with involvement in politics and community life to help blacks gain status.
C) Art had no role in culture, and blacks should focus on removing political and social discrimination.
D) All art forms came originally from Africa.

Question 41

Which of the following is false about the presidency of Richard Nixon?

A) In everything he did, Nixon was very conservative, rarely doing anything innovative or new.
B) Nixon endorsed a plan to give every poor family a guaranteed amount of income.
C) Nixon's personality influenced his decision to wiretap and watch demonstrators and political opponents, even without regard to the law.
D) Nixon was never strongly behind desegregation.

Question 42

Why was the Gary convention important?

A) It indicated a shift to electoral politics from direct action within the civil rights movement.
B) Blacks emerged from the convention unified over goals and tactics.
C) It was not important. Although widely publicized, few blacks supported the radical propositions of the Black Panther Party.
D) It demonstrated that white supremacy was alive and well.

Question 43

Who became the first black mayor of a major American city in 1967?

A) Vernon Jordan of Jackson
B) Richard Daley of New York City
C) Carl Stokes of Cleveland
D) Martin Luther King of Atlanta

Question 44

Why is L. Douglas Wilder significant?

A) He was the first black presidential candidate.
B) He was the first black senator from Virginia.
C) He was the first black governor of a southern state since Reconstruction.
D) He was the first black man to become a billionaire.

Question 45

Which college created the first black studies department in 1968?

A) University of California at Berkeley
B) San Francisco State College
C) Harvard University
D) University of Alabama

Question 46

What issues did George Wallace, a candidate in the 1968 presidential election, stress?

A) He pressed for additional rights for blacks, and the initiation of affirmative action programs.
B) He stressed using more blacks in the military in Vietnam.
C) He denounced desegregation and civil rights for blacks, and approved of repression of any demonstrators.
D) He proved that black women were treated unfairly in defense industries.

Question 47

Why did colleges begin to form black studies departments in the late 1960s and early 1970s?

A) They began to feel that black studies were important, even before blacks became students there.
B) They were forced to form black studies departments by the Supreme Court.
C) More blacks entered white colleges, and began to demand courses of relevance to their lives.
D) Local NAACP groups demanded such programs, or they would riot and have protests.

Question 48

What did the "Moynihan Report" see as the main source of economic and civil problems among blacks?

A) the "breakdown" of the black family, with too many families led by single women
B) police brutality in the cities
C) the lack of role models for black children
D) the laziness and lack of work ethic among most blacks

Question 49

What event is generally seen as the beginning of the second phase of the black student movement?

A) the Attica Prison Revolt
B) the first sit-ins in the 1960s
C) the Orangeburg Massacre
D) the death of Malcolm X

Question 50

Which of the following was not a difference between blacks seen at the Gary convention?

A) Some wanted separate cultural institutions solely for blacks.
B) Some opposed busing as a way to integrate schools.
C) Some rejected forming all black unions as a way to protest union discrimination.
D) Some wanted only the elite to control black politics, returning to Du Bois's idea of a "Talented Tenth."

Question 51

What occurred in Boston when a judge ordered several schools to desegregate by busing students to different areas?

A) Whites accepted the proposal enthusiastically.
B) Black parents and students rioted against police, with much racial violence continuing.
C) White parents and students rioted against police, with much racial violence continuing.
D) President Nixon refused to enforce the order, and it was ineffective.

Question 52

What was the main difference between the winning mayoral campaigns of Carl Stokes and Richard Hatcher?

A) Hatcher openly espoused racism and segregation, while Stokes was for black civil rights.
B) Hatcher won with a very small percentage of white votes, while Stokes won through an interracial effort.
C) Stokes ran as a Black Panther, while Hatcher remained a Democrat.
D) Hatcher was endorsed and supported by Martin Luther King.

Question 53

What was the Family Assistance Plan?

A) a plan to stop all government financial assistance to families with only a female head of household
B) a plan to guarantee every poor family without a wage earner a certain level of income
C) a plan to assist middle-class families by using tax breaks, helping those who needed it the least
D) a plan to raise the amount of tax deductions a family could take for each child

Question 54

What was Vietnamization?

A) Nixon's policy of withdrawing American troops and turning the war over to the South Vietnamese
B) Nixon's policy of allowing Vietnamese citizens asylum in the United States
C) Nixon's idea that by withdrawing from the war, he would be better able to create the ideal of the Great Society
D) Nixon had decided to use nuclear weapons, and was only stopped by the surrender of the North Vietnamese

Question 55

What provoked the Orangeburg Massacre?

A) students protesting a lynching of a local political activist
B) students at a predominantly black college protesting an all-white bowling facility
C) the police attempting to stop college students from voting
D) white politicians in the area attempting to reintroduce segregation in schools

Question 56

What effect did the Voting Rights Act have on black voting power outside the South?

A) virtually none-blacks there had been voting and getting significant political power for some time
B) a tremendous effect, as blacks tried to vote to demonstrate new political power and voice
C) a marginal effect, since it really wasn't enforced
D) no effect, since the Voting Rights Act only applied to the South

Question 57

What were the 1970s like for many poor and working class blacks economically?

A) Blacks were gaining tremendous ground economically during the 1970s.
B) They were difficult. The number of black men in poverty increased, and more blacks became poor relative to whites.
C) Whites lost many jobs to blacks during the 1970s, although overall, income remained the same.
D) Black women's income rose because of the women's movement, but income for teenagers dropped dramatically.