Deck 21: Economic Advance and Social Unrest (1830-1850)

Question 1

Criminal activity in Europe steadily escalated before reaching a plateau around ________.

A)1820
B)1840
C)1860
D)1880

Answer 1

1880

Question 2

In the domestic system of textile production,hand spinning was performed by ________.

A)women
B)men
C)both men and women
D)unskilled workers

Answer 2

women

Question 3

Which European city was the first to have an organized police force?

A)Frankfurt
B)London
C)Paris
D)Manchester

Answer 3

Paris

Question 4

Early factory owners permitted a man to employ his ________ as assistants.

A)siblings
B)wife
C)children
D)wife and children

Question 5

Who was most concerned about crime and criminals during the nineteenth century?

A)political radicals
B)the working class
C)women
D)the elite

Question 6

Which classical economist is associated with utilitarianism?

A)Thomas Malthus
B)Louis Blanc
C)Adam Smith
D)Jeremy Bentham

Question 7

What disadvantage did many women who assisted their husbands in textile factories during the 1820s and 1830s experience?

A)They were subject to their husband's discipline in the factory.
B)They often did less skilled work than they had in the family economy.
C)They were responsible for supervising their children during their work shifts.
D)They needed to learn new production methods and machinery.

Question 8

Who was Elizabeth Fry?

A)a reformer who exposed the horrible conditions within prisons in England
B)a reformer who called for an end to capital punishment
C)a reformer who advocated for a police force in England
D)a criminal sent to a colony in Australia

Question 9

The most radical political element in the European working class was ________.

A)peasants
B)artisans
C)textile workers
D)new landowners

Question 10

The process by which workers became a commodity in the labor marketplace is called ________.

A)mill migration
B)textilization
C)proletarianization
D)labor industrialization

Question 11

Who was Karl Marx's collaborator in the writing of The Communist Manifesto?

A)Louis Blanc
B)David Ricardo
C)Thomas Malthus
D)Friedrich Engels

Question 12

The Industrial Revolution fueled British investments all over the world but especially in ________.

A)the Americas
B)Spain and Italy
C)the Netherlands and France
D)Japan and China

Question 13

By the late 1830s,many British workers hung their hopes for reform on a platform known as ________.

A)Simonianism
B)Fourierism
C)Hegelianism
D)Chartism

Question 14

A population explosion in Europe from 1831 to 1851 saw France grow from 32.5 million to ________ million people.

A)35.8
B)37.1
C)39.2
D)40.3

Question 15

In France by about 1850,the largest group of employed women worked ________.

A)in factories
B)as domestic servants
C)on the land
D)in shops

Question 16

The English Factory Act of 1833 forbade the employment of children under the age of ________ years.

A)7
B)9
C)10
D)12

Question 17

In the 1840s,the goal of prisons shifted from _____ to _____.

A)punishment;rehabilitation
B)rehabilitation;punishment
C)social segregation;punishment
D)social segregation;social integration

Question 18

Which of the following is a tradition that survived the shift from a family economy to an industrial era?

A)Most parents still arranged marriages.
B)Cohabitation before marriage was rare and considered taboo.
C)Most women continued to work after marriage.
D)Most women brought a dowry to their marriage.

Question 19

In most Western European nations other than Britain,manufacturing in the 1830s took place in ________.

A)large manufacturing districts
B)the countryside
C)cities
D)both cities and the countryside

Question 20

Which change in conditions describes the prisons that emerged in Europe during the mid-1800s?

A)an individual cell for each prisoner
B)individual cells and long periods of separation and silence among prisoners
C)work skills training
D)an increase in corporal punishment

Question 21

During the early years of the Industrial Revolution,the wages of most British women who worked in factories were ________.

A)the same as male workers
B)lower than male workers
C)higher than male workers
D)comparable to male workers' wages for skilled workers but lower for unskilled workers

Question 22

The shift from the family working together as a unit of production to family members working separately or individually ________.

A)led to the destruction of familial bonds
B)caused the family to cease being an economic unit
C)caused the family to become a male-dominated unit
D)helped to decrease gender-based inequities in the workplace

Question 23

During the Magyar revolt in Hungary,the Hungarians tried to annex ________.

A)Pressburg
B)Transylvania
C)Bavaria
D)Saxony

Question 24

Classical economists advocated growth through ________.

A)expanded social programs
B)government control of enterprise
C)free enterprise
D)high taxes

Question 25

Improvements in the railway system meant that ________.

A)consumer goods garnered a higher share of investment dollars over capital goods
B)ships made of iron were no longer needed
C)the working class had greater purchasing power
D)there was a shortage of consumer goods at affordable prices

Question 26

Proletarianization was closely linked to _______ and ______.

A)industrialization;urbanization
B)enclosures;the rural economy
C)poverty;serfdom
D)the elite lifestyle;landowning

Question 27

The decade of the 1820s saw an increase in women working in textile factories.Their new jobs required ________.

A)fewer skills than those required in home-based textile work
B)more skills than those required in home-based textile work
C)more skills than those required for work typically done by men
D)at least a grammar school education

Question 28

The industrial economy led to the development of gender-determined roles because ________.

A)it allowed women to work outside the home
B)it allowed women to develop new skills
C)it promoted the development of new skills for both males and females
D)it allowed many families to live on the wages of the male spouse

Question 29

Robert Owen advocated for ________.

A)more humane industrial environments
B)a large utopian community in England
C)worker-owned factories
D)the dissolution of the class structure

Question 30

In the late eighteenth century,Britain began transporting criminals to Australia as an alternative to ________.

A)capital punishment
B)life imprisonment
C)public works imprisonment
D)transporting them to France

Question 31

The most radical group of female revolutionary women in the country where the 1848 revolutions began called themselves the ________.

A)Scythians
B)Amazons
C)Vesuvians
D)Insurgents

Question 32

In the 1830s,workers became concerned about child laborers because ________.

A)of the dangerous conditions in the family economy
B)of increased competition for factory jobs
C)children were willing to work for lower wages than adults
D)parents no longer exercised authority over their own children in factories

Question 33

The migration from the countryside during the nineteenth century produced a situation in which ________.

A)the physical resources of cities were stretched beyond capacity
B)the physical resources of cities were able to be ratcheted up to meet capacity
C)crime rates were unaffected
D)diseases were kept at bay

Question 34

The revolutions of 1848 began in ________.

A)France
B)England
C)Germany
D)Austria

Question 35

The French Revolution and the wars of Napoleon influenced the development of the Industrial Revolution by ________.

A)destroying French Atlantic trade and disrupting continental economic life
B)inspiring the working class to attain the material wealth and comforts of the middle class
C)increasing trade and the demand for goods between Britain and other countries
D)setting back the French economy and French industrialization

Question 36

Charles Fourier believed that workers were more productive when they ________.

A)received frequent praise
B)received high wages
C)performed the same tasks every day
D)worked on different tasks

Question 37

In the new labor marketplace,workers ________.

A)were brought into the salary system
B)had no direct say about product quality
C)had no say about product quality
D)had considerable bargaining power

Question 38

Many factories hired unmarried women and children because ________.

A)they were willing to work for less than men
B)they were less likely than men to try to form unions or other work organizations
C)there were more unmarried women and children in the labor pool than other workers
D)They were willing to work for less than men

Question 39

During the nineteenth century,the domestic division of labor into specific gender patterns prevailed among ________.

A)the working,middle,and upper classes
B)the middle class
C)the gentry
D)the rural poor

Question 40

Liberal reformers hoped that legal revolutions in land ownership would result in ________.

A)a more equitable distribution of agricultural goods
B)peasants becoming more industrious and progressive farmers
C)a socialistic state
D)increased tax revenues for the state

Question 41

The English Factory Act of 1833 made the factory owner responsible for providing _____ hours of education for children age nine to thirteen.

Question 42

The repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846 was an example of the implementation of ________.

A)Chartism
B)classical economic theory
C)nationalism
D)socialism

Question 43

Which of the following events helped the political liberals in France gain the support of the working class?

A)Minister Guizot's resignation
B)Louis Philippe's abdication
C)the poor harvests of 1846 and 1847
D)the government's ban on banquets

Question 44

Chartism focused on reforms concerning _________.

A)free trade
B)suffrage
C)trade unions
D)social welfare

Question 45

What was the name given to the group of activists who rejected industry and government?

A)anarchists
B)early socialists
C)utopian socialists
D)Marxists

Question 46

Workers who held jobs but made little more than subsistence wages were called _____.

Question 47

A profound split between the German working class and German liberals was marked by ________.

A)the creation of the Frankfurt Parliament
B)the revolution in Prussia
C)the suppression of a radical revolt in Frankfurt by the German Confederation
D)disagreements over the issue of unification

Question 48

A group of writers who helped to define the social question were called ________ by their critics.

A)communal economists
B)utopian socialists
C)radical socialists
D)rational economists

Question 49

Which of the following statements about gender roles during the early Industrial Revolution is true?

A)Married males were associated with supporting the family.
B)Married females were expected to contribute wages to the family economy.
C)Unmarried females were rarely factory workers.
D)Married men were associated with family discipline.

Question 50

The goal of the German Zollverein was to create ________.

A)better conditions for commerce
B)a good climate for industrialization
C)a nation-state
D)an alliance with Austria

Question 51

The practice of making goods,such as shoes,in standard sizes and styles rather than by special order was known in France as _____.

Question 52

German conservatives gained power by playing on conflicts between ________.

A)conservatives and liberals
B)nationalists and liberals
C)conservatives and the working class
D)liberals and the working class

Question 53

One source of inspiration for The Communist Manifesto was ________.

A)French utopian socialism
B)transportationism
C)confectionism
D)Czech nationalism

Question 54

What do hulks and the Auburn system have in common?

A)both were outgrowths of socialism
B)both were utopian socialist movements
C)both were penal methods
D)both applied classical economics to agrarian reform

Question 55

Nationalism was a rallying cry for the revolutions of 1848 among the _______ people.

A)French
B)British
C)Russian
D)German

Question 56

The revolutions of 1848 and 1849 ________.

A)resulted in a unified middle and working class
B)were successful in establishing liberal or national states
C)ended monarchy in Europe forever
D)failed to establish liberal or national states

Question 57

Henri de Saint-Simon was typical of the utopian socialists in __________.

A)engaging in both social and economic experimentation
B)advocating open marriages
C)tying change to industrialization
D)attempting change in the rural economy

Question 58

By the mid-nineteenth century,the nation with the most extensive rail network was _____.

Question 59

The labor movement in the nineteenth century abandoned the _____ system,which had allowed workers to gain control over a number of factors surrounding their employment.

Question 60

Which of the following best explains why a worker in Great Britain might have rejected Marx's ideas by the last half of the nineteenth century?

A)The rationale behind the ideas expressed in The Communist Manifesto had been disproven.
B)The state suppressed political dissent and threatened individuals who espoused Marxism.
C)Workers had benefited from the existing industrial system.
D)As science became more influential,it helped to show the flaws in Marx's ideology.

Question 61

Saint-Simonianism is a type of ___________.

Question 62

Explain the views of the classical economists toward the working class.Did the theories of these economists offer hope that life would improve for the working class? Explain why or why not.

Question 63

The community of _____,Indiana,in the United States was created as an ideal industrial community.

Question 64

Describe the dynamics that made the Habsburg Empire vulnerable to revolt.What was the progression of the uprisings,and how did each one build upon the prior one?

Question 65

How was the labor movement affected,negatively or positively,by the Industrial Revolution?

Question 66

Explain how the dynamics of marriage changed for the working class as more families moved to the city and took on factory work.What traditional practices remained throughout the Industrial Revolution?

Question 67

The practice of sending prisoners overseas was called _____.

Question 68

Ships used as prisons were called _______.

Question 69

A major shift in the family and factory structure,characterized by an increase in the size of machinery and factories,began in the mid-_____.

Question 70

In 1834,most German states formed a trading union called the _____.

Question 71

How did changing attitudes about crime influence prison reform? Include a discussion of why the public was initially reluctant to reform prisons.

Question 72

The wage economy led to higher birthrates,most likely because children were considered a(n)_____.

Question 73

Discuss the positive and negative effects of the Industrial Revolution on families.

Question 74

How did railways affect industrial expansion? Were early railways used to transport people,products,or both? How did railways affect the steel and iron industries?

Question 75

Why was the failure of the Irish potato crops of the 1840s so devastating?

Question 76

Legislation that established the London police force was sponsored by _____.

Question 77

How did the views of the early socialists differ from those held by classical economists?

Question 78

Why did the French become involved in the radical political movement in Italy? Give at least two reasons why the French attacked the Roman Republic.

Question 79

The theory of _____ was based on the principle of the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.

Question 80

In the nineteenth century,as a result of the vulnerability caused by the economic transformation taking place,the low wages of female workers sometimes led them to become _____ to supplement their income.