Deck 15: A: Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment

Question 1

Learned avoidance behaviors are hard to extinguish.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Someone can be diagnosed with "generalized anxiety disorder" without having any symptoms other than anxiety.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

People with panic disorder are likely to have agoraphobia or social phobia also.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

People who "hold their liquor well," showing little body sway after drinking a moderate amount,are more likely than other people to become alcoholics.

Question 5

​People with obsessive-compulsive disorder generally have a normal memory,but don't trust it.

Question 6

​Early-onset alcoholism has a stronger genetic basis than later-onset alcoholism.

Question 7

​The genes that predispose to one psychological disorder predispose to other disorders also.

Question 8

Most young people who abuse alcohol or other drugs will become even more serious abusers by age 30.

Question 9

You are less likely to develop a phobia or strong fear of something if it is predictable and controllable.​

Question 10

Exposure therapy for a phobia is a type of behavior therapy.

Question 11

Trying to prevent a thought often makes it even more intrusive.

Question 12

Most addictive substances increase the release of the neurotransmitter dopamine.

Question 13

​If you have a psychological dependence on something,then quitting it will cause intense withdrawal symptoms.

Question 14

Southeast Asians are less likely than most other people to become alcoholics or binge drinkers.

Question 15

The fifth edition of DSM allows therapists to rate every client along several dimensions instead of using diagnoses such as depression or schizophrenia.

Question 16

Monkeys can learn to fear snakes by watching other monkeys showing fear of snakes.

Question 17

​Panic disorder is equally common in men and women,young and old.

Question 18

According to DSM,it is possible for two people to get the same diagnosis despite having few or no symptoms in common.

Question 19

Diagnoses of mental illness are based on both symptoms and laboratory tests.

Question 20

​A phobia is a fear of something that is not actually dangerous.

Question 21

​Most cases of schizophrenia can be traced to a single,identified gene.

Question 22

Almost all people with schizophrenia continue deteriorating steadily unless they receive treatment.

Question 23

Schizophrenia is more common in rural areas and small towns.

Question 24

Antidepressant drugs are most helpful for people with mild to moderate depression.

Question 25

In the United States,depression and anxiety are more common among black people than among white people.

Question 26

People with major depression report feeling sad far more often than most other people.

Question 27

Hallucinating a voice saying frightening messages is an example of a "positive symptom" of schizophrenia.

Question 28

​Adolescents who have serious sleep problems are more likely than average to become depressed later.

Question 29

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)is effective in treating depression because it helps people forget depressing memories.

Question 30

Exposure to bright lights is an effective treatment for seasonal affective disorder.

Question 31

​Antidepressant drugs produce behavioral benefits about as quickly as they alter activity at serotonin synapses.

Question 32

Having even one auditory hallucination indicates that you are starting to develop schizophrenia.

Question 33

Someone who develops major depression is likely to remain permanently depressed,unless he or she gets therapy.​

Question 34

A gene has been identified that is responsible for more than one-fourth of cases of major depression.

Question 35

Psychotherapy and antidepressant drugs are about equally helpful for patients with depression.

Question 36

People diagnosed with schizophrenia have two or more personalities that alternate taking control of the body.

Question 37

People with major depression are more likely than other people to have relatives with asthma,arthritis,and migraine headaches.

Question 38

​The drug Antabuse helps people quit alcohol by altering brain synapses.

Question 39

The main advantage of electroconvulsive therapy for depression is that it produces benefits fairly quickly.

Question 40

Injected methadone is similar to injected morphine or heroin.

Question 41

​All types of psychotherapy concentrate on bringing unconscious thoughts and motivations into consciousness.

Question 42

One reason why therapists diagnose more people today with some type of mental illness is that insurance companies will pay for more treatment if someone has a diagnosis.

Question 43

People with autism have smaller than average heads.

Question 44

Agoraphobia and social phobia are common among people who also have ______ disorder.

Question 45

Antipsychotic drugs help relieve schizophrenia by blocking the reuptake of serotonin.

Question 46

Most types of psychotherapy are about equally effective for improving a client's quality of life.

Question 47

Humanistic therapists listen sympathetically and encourage people to make their own decisions.

Question 48

A psychiatrist must keep a client's statements confidential,even if the client threatens to attack someone.

Question 49

​Many programs attempting to prevent psychological disorders have been ineffective or worse.

Question 50

Anyone who has a DSM diagnosis of mental illness is considered legally insane.​

Question 51

​The causes of autism probably include both genetics and prenatal environment.

Question 52

People whose only symptom is frequent,exaggerated worries are diagnosed with ___________.​

Question 53

The book describing the criteria for diagnosing psychological disorders is abbreviated ______.​

Question 54

An excessive fear of open or public places is called _____________.

Question 55

Nearly everyone in psychotherapy improves more than people not receiving psychotherapy.

Question 56

A maladaptive,inflexible way of dealing with the environment and other people,such as being excessively self-centered,is known as a(n)______________ disorder.

Question 57

Being born in winter or early spring increases one's risk of schizophrenia.

Question 58

A fear that interferes with normal living is called _____________.

Question 59

More and more therapists today rely on Freud's methods of psychotherapy.​

Question 60

Behavior therapists concentrate on relating symptoms to early childhood experiences and conflicts.

Question 61

​One reason why phobias are so persistent is that they are related to ________ learning,a type of learning that is highly resistant to extinction.

Question 62

Someone who has deteriorated in daily life and who shows hallucinations,delusions,and thought disorder would be diagnosed as having __________.

Question 63

Of three types of treatment for depression-antidepressant drugs,psychotherapy,and electroconvulsive therapy-the one likely to produce the most rapid improvement is ___________.

Question 64

A possible treatment for opiate abuse (such as heroin)is to switch people to a similar but less dangerous drug,such as _____________.

Question 65

A drug sometimes used in the treatment of alcohol,because it alters the way the body metabolizes alcohol,is disulfiram,available under the trade name _________________.

Question 66

In John B.Watson's analysis of phobia learning,the conditioned stimulus was ____________________.

Question 67

An effective treatment for phobia that proceeds by gradually bringing people into contact with the object that they fear is called ______________ therapy.

Question 68

Most addictive substances increase the release of the neurotransmitter ____________ in the nucleus accumbens of the brain.

Question 69

Someone who uses a drug to reduce or avoid intense withdrawal symptoms is said to have a ___________ dependence on the drug.

Question 70

Someone with bipolar disorder has periods of depression alternating with periods of ________.

Question 71

Of three types of treatment for depression-antidepressant drugs,psychotherapy,and electroconvulsive therapy-the one likely to produce the most long-lasting improvement is ___________.

Question 72

Antidepressant drugs are demonstrably more effective than placebos only for people with _________ depression.

Question 73

People who have repetitive,unwanted thoughts and almost irresistible repetitive actions are said to have ___________-___________ disorder.

Question 74

In John B.Watson's analysis of phobia learning,the unconditioned stimulus was _____________________.

Question 75

A symptom such as hallucination or delusion that is noticed by its presence (instead of the absence of something)is called a ___________ symptom.

Question 76

A repetitive,almost irresistible action is known as a(n)____________________.

Question 77

Someone who suffers from depression almost every winter may receive a diagnosis of _______ ________ disorder.

Question 78

​A symptom that is noticed by its absence (such as lack of emotional expression,lack of motivation,and lack of social interaction)is called a ___________ symptom.

Question 79

Sleep problems,including a tendency to enter REM sleep faster than average and to awaken early in the morning,are typical of people with the psychiatric disorder called ___________.

Question 80

The idea that schizophrenia originates with nervous system impairments that develop before,during,or shortly after birth is called the ______________ hypothesis.