Deck 59: Laboratory Physical Design, Management, and Organization

Question 1

The percentage of true-negative test results based on the prevalence of the disease in the population studied is referred to as

A)accuracy.
B)predictive value negative.
C)sensitivity.
D)specificity.
E)predictive value positive.

Answer 1

B
Predictive value negative (PVN) is the percentage of True-negative test results based on the prevalence of the disease in the population studied. PVN measures the probability that a negative result indicates the absence of disease.

Question 2

The percentage of true-positive test results based on the prevalence of the disease in the population studied is referred to as

A)accuracy.
B)predictive value negative.
C)sensitivity.
D)specificity.
E)predictive value positive.

Answer 2

E
Predictive value positive (PVP) is the percentage of True-positive test results based on the prevalence of the disease in the population studied. PVP measures the probability that a positive result indicates the presence of disease.

Question 3

The percentage of individuals who do not have the particular disease being tested and in whom negative test results are found is called

A)accuracy.
B)precision.
C)sensitivity.
D)specificity.

Answer 3

D
Quantitative test methods must be validated based on accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, and efficiency before a decision is made. Specificity is the percentage of individuals who do not have the particular disease being tested and in whom negative test results are found. These are also called True-negatives. Tests with very high specificity (³99%) should be negative both in healthy individuals and in individuals with symptoms similar to those of the disease being tested but not caused by the same organism. For example, in the infant with symptoms suggestive of RSV with a negative RSV direct antigen test, the physician would consider Bordetella pertussis or parainfluenza virus as the possible etiologic agent. Most tests will show some False-negative results; these represent cases in which individuals with the particular disease test negative by a certain test.

Question 4

Performance of a new molecular procedure alongside the methodology known as the "gold standard" is validating which characteristic?

A)Accuracy
B)Precision
C)Sensitivity
D)Specificity

Question 5

Performance of a new procedure several times on the same sample and evaluating the range of test results would be validating which characteristic?

A)Accuracy
B)Precision
C)Sensitivity
D)Specificity

Question 6

The percentage of individuals with the particular disease for which the test is used in whom positive test results are found is called

A)accuracy.
B)precision.
C)sensitivity.
D)specificity.

Question 7

The percentage of test results that are correctly identified by the test is called

A)accuracy.
B)precision.
C)sensitivity.
D)specificity.
E)efficiency.

Question 8

A testing method that produces a result that reflects a true positive all of the time and reflects a false positive some of the time can be said to have

A)accuracy.
B)predictive value negative.
C)high sensitivity and low specificity.
D)specificity.
E)predictive value positive.

Question 9

The reproducibility of a test when it is run (repeated) several times is called

A)accuracy.
B)precision.
C)sensitivity.
D)specificity.

Question 10

The ability of the test under study to match the results of a standard test commonly known as the "gold standard" is

A)accuracy.
B)precision.
C)sensitivity.
D)specificity.