Question 1

A destructive lesion of the gums also known as acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis that is caused by oral spirochetes as well as other bacteria is known as&#10;A)Vincent's disease.&#10;B)primary syphilis.&#10;C)chancre disease.&#10;D)Weil's disease.

Accepted Answer

Some treponemes such as T. vincentii, T. denticola, T. refringens, T. socranskii, and T. pectinovorum are normal inhabitants of the oral cavity. Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, also known as Vincent's disease, is a destructive lesion of the gums.

Question 2

The most severe illness associated with leptospires, with symptoms caused by liver, kidney, and/or vascular dysfunction with lethal pulmonary hemorrhage and sometimes death is called&#10;A)icteric leptospirosis.&#10;B)anicteric leptospirosis.&#10;C)Vincent's disease.&#10;D)syphilis.

Accepted Answer

Pathogenic leptospires rapidly invade the bloodstream after entry and spread throughout all sites in the body such as the central nervous system and kidneys. Virulent strains show chemotaxis toward hemoglobin as well as the ability to migrate through host tissues. Weil's disease, or icteric leptospirosis, is generally the most severe illness, with symptoms caused by liver, kidney, and/or vascular dysfunction with lethal pulmonary hemorrhage; death can occur in up to 10% of cases.

Question 3

A widely used nontreponemal serologic test is the&#10;A)VDRL.&#10;B)PPR.&#10;C)FTA-ABS.&#10;D)MHA-TP.

Accepted Answer

The two most widely used nontreponemal serologic tests are the VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) tests and RPR (rapid plasma reagin) test. Each of these tests is a flocculation (or agglutination) test, in which soluble antigen particles are coalesced to form larger particles that are visible as clumps when they are aggregated by antibody.

Question 4

Compared to other spirochetes, Leptospira can be described as&#10;A)long, more slender, with hooked ends.&#10;B)somewhat thicker with fewer and looser coils and hooked ends.&#10;C)long, more slender, with tight coils.&#10;D)somewhat thicker than treponemes with fewer and looser coils.

Accepted Answer

The spirochetes are all long, slender, helically curved, gram-negative bacilli, with the unusual morphologic features of axial fibrils and an outer sheath. These fibrils, or axial filaments, are flagella-like organelles that wrap around the bacteria's cell wall, are enclosed within the outer sheath, and facilitate motility of the organisms. The fibrils are attached within the cell wall by platelike structures, called insertion disks, located near the ends of the cells. The protoplasmic cylinder gyrates around the fibrils, causing bacterial movement to appear as a corkscrew-like winding. Treponema are slender with tight coils; Borrelia are somewhat thicker with fewer and looser coils; and Leptospira resemble Borrelia except for their hooked ends.

Question 5

A stage of venereal syphilis characterized by the appearance of a chancre is known as&#10;A)primary syphilis.&#10;B)secondary syphilis.&#10;C)late syphilis.&#10;D)tertiary syphilis.

Accepted Answer

Treponema pallidum causes venereal (transmitted through sexual contact) syphilis. The clinical presentation of venereal syphilis is varied and complex, often mimicking many other diseases. This disease is divided into stages: incubating, primary, secondary, early latent, latent, and tertiary. Primary syphilis is characterized by the appearance of a chancre (a painless ulcer) usually at the site of inoculation, most commonly the genitalia. Within 3 to 6 weeks, the chancre heals. Dissemination of the organism occurs during this primary stage.

Question 6

A stage of venereal syphilis characterized by fever, weight loss, malaise, loss of appetite, and a widespread rash is known as&#10;A)primary syphilis.&#10;B)secondary syphilis.&#10;C)late syphilis.&#10;D)tertiary syphilis.

Accepted Answer

Treponema pallidum causes venereal (transmitted through sexual contact) syphilis. The clinical presentation of venereal syphilis is varied and complex, often mimicking many other diseases. This disease is divided into stages: incubating, primary, secondary, early latent, latent, and tertiary. During secondary syphilis, the patient is ill and seeks medical attention. Systemic symptoms such as fever, weight loss, malaise, and loss of appetite are present in about half of the patients. The skin is the organ most commonly affected in secondary syphilis, with patients having a widespread rash.

Question 7

Nontreponemal antibodies are those that&#10;A)are produced against antigens of the organisms themselves.&#10;B)are those that are produced by infected patients against components of mammalian cells.&#10;C)are those that are produced by the organism that cause the systemic destruction of the disease.&#10;D)are also called reaginic antibodies.

Accepted Answer

Classic serologic tests for treponematosis measure the presence of two types of antibodies: treponemal and nontreponemal. Treponemal antibodies are produced against antigens of the organisms themselves, whereas nontreponemal antibodies, often called reaginic antibodies, are produced by infected patients against components of mammalian cells.

Question 8

Systemic symptoms such as fever, weight loss, malaise, and loss of appetite can be present along with a widespread rash can be seen in patients suffering from&#10;A)primary syphilis.&#10;B)secondary syphilis.&#10;C)tertiary syphilis.&#10;D)terminal stage syphilis.

Accepted Answer

The clinical presentation of venereal syphilis is varied and complex, often mimicking many other diseases. This disease is divided into stages: incubating, primary, secondary, early latent, latent, and tertiary. During secondary syphilis, the patient is ill and seeks medical attention. Systemic symptoms such as fever, weight loss, malaise, and loss of appetite are present in about half of the patients. The skin is the organ most commonly affected in secondary syphilis, with patients having a widespread rash.

Question 9

A self-limiting illness and the most common clinical syndrome associated with leptospires that includes fever, headache, myalgia, and aseptic meningitis in the immune stage is called&#10;A)icteric leptospirosis.&#10;B)anicteric leptospirosis.&#10;C)Weil's disease.&#10;D)syphilis.

Accepted Answer

Pathogenic leptospires rapidly invade the bloodstream after entry and spread throughout all sites in the body such as the central nervous system and kidneys. Virulent strains show chemotaxis toward hemoglobin as well as the ability to migrate through host tissues. Symptoms begin abruptly 2 to 20 days after infection and include fever, headache, and myalgia. The most common clinical syndrome is anicteric leptospirosis, which is a self-limiting illness consisting of a septicemic stage, with high fever and severe headache that lasts 3 to 7 days, followed by the immune stage. Symptoms associated with the immune stage are varied, but in general are milder than the septicemic stage. The hallmark of the immune stage is aseptic meningitis.

Question 10

Long, slender, helically curved, gram-negative bacilli that present with hooked ends are identified as belonging to which species?&#10;A)Treponema&#10;B)Leptospira&#10;C)Borrelia&#10;D)Coxiella

Accepted Answer

The spirochetes are all long, slender, helically curved, gram-negative bacilli, with the unusual morphologic features of axial fibrils and an outer sheath. These fibrils, or axial filaments, are flagella-like organelles that wrap around the bacteria's cell wall, are enclosed within the outer sheath, and facilitate motility of the organisms. The fibrils are attached within the cell wall by platelike structures, called insertion disks, located near the ends of the cells. The protoplasmic cylinder gyrates around the fibrils, causing bacterial movement to appear as a corkscrew-like winding. Treponema are slender with tight coils; Borrelia are somewhat thicker with fewer and looser coils; and Leptospira resemble Borrelia except for their hooked ends.

Question 11

A specific treponemal serologic test performed by overlaying whole treponemes that are fixed to a slide with serum from patients suspected of having syphilis and using fluorescein-conjugated antihuman antibody reagent to detect specific antitreponemal antibodies is called

A)RPR (rapid plasma reagin) test.
B)FTA-ABS (fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption) test.
C)VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) test.
D)TP-PA (T.pallidum particle agglutination) test.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A specific treponemal serologic test performed by...

Question 12

Secondary syphilis includes the following symptoms:&#10;A)fever, weight loss, malaise, loss of appetite, and widespread rash.&#10;B)the appearance of a chancre at the site of inoculation and dissemination of the organism.&#10;C)tissue destruction, central nervous disease, cardiovascular abnormalities, eye disease, and granuloma-like lesions.&#10;D)subclinical but not necessarily dormant, at which time diagnosis can be made only by serologic tests.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Secondary syphilis includes the following symptoms:&#10;A)fever, weight...

Question 13

Long, slender, helically curved, gram-negative bacilli that present with tight coils are identified as belonging to which species?&#10;A)Treponema&#10;B)Leptospira&#10;C)Borrelia&#10;D)Coxiella

Accepted Answer

The answer of Long, slender, helically curved, gram-negative bacilli that...

Question 14

Treponemal antibodies are those that&#10;A)are produced against antigens of the organisms themselves.&#10;B)are those that are produced by infected patients against components of mammalian cells.&#10;C)are those that are produced by the organism that cause the systemic destruction of the disease.&#10;D)are also called reaginic antibodies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Treponemal antibodies are those that&#10;A)are produced against...

Question 15

A nontreponemal flocculation serologic test in which soluble antigen particles are coalesced to form larger particles that are visible as clumps when they are aggregated by antibody is called&#10;A)NTF (nontreponemal flocculation).&#10;B)FTA-ABS (fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption) test.&#10;C)VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) test.&#10;D)TP-PA (T.pallidum particle agglutination) test.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nontreponemal flocculation serologic test in which...

Question 16

A stage of venereal syphilis characterized by tissue destruction, central nervous disease, cardiovascular abnormalities, eye disease, and granuloma-like lesions is known as&#10;A)primary syphilis.&#10;B)secondary syphilis.&#10;C)tertiary syphilis.&#10;D)quaternary syphilis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A stage of venereal syphilis characterized by...

Question 17

The most common vector-borne disease in North America and Europe transmitted by the bite of Ixodes ticks is caused by&#10;A)Leptospira interrogans.&#10;B)Borrelia burgdorferi.&#10;C)Treponema carateum.&#10;D)Rickettsia rickettsii.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most common vector-borne disease in North...

Question 18

Compared to other spirochetes, Treponema can be described as&#10;A)long, more slender, with hooked ends.&#10;B)somewhat thicker with fewer and looser coils.&#10;C)long, more slender, with tight coils.&#10;D)somewhat thicker than treponemes with fewer and looser coils.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compared to other spirochetes, Treponema can be...

Question 19

A test that utilizes gelatin particles sensitized with T.pallidum subsp.pallidum antigens to detect specific antitreponemal antibodies in patient serum is called&#10;A)RPR (rapid plasma reagin) test.&#10;B)FTA-ABS (fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption) test.&#10;C)VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) test.&#10;D)TP-PA (T.pallidum particle agglutination) test.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A test that utilizes gelatin particles sensitized...

Question 20

Compared to other spirochetes, Borrelia can be described as&#10;A)long, more slender, with hooked ends.&#10;B)somewhat thicker with fewer and looser coils.&#10;C)long, more slender, with tight coils.&#10;D)somewhat thicker than treponemes with fewer and looser coils.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compared to other spirochetes, Borrelia can be...

Question 21

Primary syphilis includes the following symptoms:&#10;A)fever, weight loss, malaise, loss of appetite, and a widespread rash&#10;B)the appearance of a chancre at the site of inoculation and dissemination of the organism.&#10;C)tissue destruction, central nervous disease, cardiovascular abnormalities, eye disease, and granuloma-like lesions.&#10;D)subclinical but not necessarily dormant, at which time diagnosis can be made only by serologic tests.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Primary syphilis includes the following symptoms:&#10;A)fever, weight...

Question 22

The most common vector-borne disease in North America and Europe transmitted by the bite of Ixodes ticks is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi and is called&#10;A)Weil's disease.&#10;B)Lyme disease.&#10;C)icteric leptospirosis.&#10;D)Vincent's disease.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most common vector-borne disease in North...

Question 23

Latent syphilis includes the following symptoms:&#10;A)fever, weight loss, malaise, loss of appetite, and a widespread rash.&#10;B)the appearance of a chancre at the site of inoculation and dissemination of the organism.&#10;C)tissue destruction, central nervous disease, cardiovascular abnormalities, eye disease, and granuloma-like lesions.&#10;D)subclinical but not necessarily dormant, at which time diagnosis can be made only by serologic tests.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Latent syphilis includes the following symptoms:&#10;A)fever, weight...

Question 24

Late, or tertiary syphilis includes the following symptoms:&#10;A)fever, weight loss, malaise, loss of appetite, and a widespread rash.&#10;B)the appearance of a chancre at the site of inoculation and dissemination of the organism.&#10;C)tissue destruction, central nervous disease, cardiovascular abnormalities, eye disease, and granuloma-like lesions.&#10;D)subclinical but not necessarily dormant, at which time diagnosis can be made only by serologic tests.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Late, or tertiary syphilis includes the following...

Deck 45: The Spirochetes