Deck 50: Infections of the Lower Respiratory Tract

Question 1

One of the most common etiologic agents of lower respiratory tract infection among previously healthy patients 2 months of age to 5 years old is

A)Chlamydophila pneumoniae.
B)Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
C)Streptococcus pneumoniae.
D)respiratory syncytial virus.

Answer 1

D
Community-acquired pneumonia is a common and potentially serious infection that afflicts children. Among previously healthy patients 2 months of age to 5 years old, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza, influenza, and adenoviruses are the most common etiologic agents of lower respiratory tract disease.

Question 2

Streptococcus pneumoniae is detected as the most common agent of lower respiratory tract infections among

A)previously healthy patients 2 months of age to 5 years old.
B)adults younger than 30 years of age.
C)community-acquired pneumonia in adults.
D)children of school age.

Answer 2

D
The most common etiologic agent of community-acquired pneumonia in adults is a bacterial species. Regardless of age or coexisting illness, Streptococcus pneumoniae is most prevalent, causing 15% to 80% of all community-acquired bacterial pneumonia.

Question 3

One of the most common causes of bacterial pneumonia in school-age children (5 to 14 years of age) is

A)Haemophilus influenzae, type
B)Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
C)Streptococcus pyogenes.
D)type A influenza virus.
E)Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer 3

E
Although the prevalence of viral pneumonia in this age group is high, bacterial pneumonia also exists. M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae are the most common causes of bacterial pneumonia in children of school age. Mixed infections have been documented in 35% of patients, with the majority of these (81%) being mixed viral-bacterial infections.

Question 4

Bacterial pneumonia in children is most commonly caused by

A)H.influenzae.
B)S.pneumoniae.
C)S.aureus.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 5

One of the most important uses of the Gram stain of expectorated sputum received for routine bacteriologic culture is

A)to give the physician a quick analysis of the type of organism causing the infection.
B)to evaluate the quality of the specimen.
C)to distinguish between the possibility of bacterial or viral source of infection.
D)to begin appropriate antimicrobial therapy as soon as possible.

Question 6

Adenoviruses are one of the most common etiologic agents of lower respiratory tract infection among

A)previously healthy patients 2 months of age to 5 years old.
B)adults younger than 30 years of age.
C)community-acquired pneumonia in adults.
D)children of school age.

Question 7

The nasal hairs, convoluted passages, and mucous lining of the nasal turbinates

A)nonspecifically protect the respiratory tract from infection.
B)promote colonization of normal bacterial flora.
C)can aid adherence by potentially harmful bacteria.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 8

The most common etiologic agents of lower respiratory tract disease among previously healthy patients 2 months of age to 5 years old are

A)respiratory syncytial viruses.
B)human metapneumoviruses.
C)parainfluenza, influenza, and adenoviruses.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 9

Of the various types of specimens collected to diagnose respiratory infections, which one is acceptable for detection of anaerobic agents?

A)Tracheostomy aspirates
B)Bronchial washings
C)Gastric aspirates
D)Transtracheal aspirates
E)All of the above are correct.

Question 10

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is detected as the most common agent of lower respiratory tract infections among

A)previously healthy patients 2 months of age to 5 years old.
B)adults younger than 30 years of age.
C)community-acquired pneumonia in adults.
D)children of school age.

Question 11

The most common etiologic agent of community-acquired pneumonia in adults is

A)Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
B)Chlamydophila pneumoniae.
C)Streptococcus pneumoniae.
D)Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Question 12

The most common etiologic agent of lower respiratory tract infection among adults younger than 30 years of age is

A)Chlamydophila pneumoniae.
B)Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
C)Streptococcus pneumoniae.
D)Haemophilus influenzae.

Question 13

Respiratory syncytial virus is one of the most common etiologic agents of lower respiratory tract infection among

A)previously healthy patients 2 months of age to 5 years old.
B)adults younger than 30 years of age.
C)community-acquired pneumonia in adults.
D)children of school age.

Question 14

Evaluation of the quality of the sputum specimen sent to the laboratory for bacterial culture is best done by

A)measuring the amount of mucous found.
B)checking for mucous or blood.
C)examining microscopically via Gram-stained smear for leukocytes.
D)examining microscopically via Gram-stained smear for squamous epithelial cells.