Deck 11: Motivating and Rewarding Employees

Question 1

The three key elements in the definition of motivation are energy, direction, and achievement.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Maslow's theory is a hierarchy because ________.

A)all needs are equal
B)all needs are important
C)needs are satisfied sequentially
D)needs are never truly satisfied

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Motivation is a process that leads to a goal.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

A single individual can have high motivation in one situation and low motivation in another.

Question 5

Which element of motivation is a measure of intensity or drive?

A)direction
B)energy
C)persistence
D)achievement

Question 6

Persistence is the amount of drive and intensity a person applies to a task.

Question 7

Maslow sees food as being on the same level of need as which of the following?

A)sex
B)companionship
C)self-esteem
D)personal safety

Question 8

An individual who wants to buy a home in a neighborhood with a low crime rate is satisfying which need?

A)esteem
B)safety
C)physiological
D)self-actualization

Question 9

Maslow's hierarchical model ________.

A)has been validated by a number of studies
B)has never been validated by studies
C)has been validated by empirical studies
D)has been invalidated by intuitive means

Question 10

Most U.S.employees are excited about their jobs.

Question 11

According to Maslow, a person stranded on a desert island would ________ before he or she worried about making weapons.

A)look for other people
B)build a house
C)start a family
D)establish his or her status on the island

Question 12

Motivation is a drive that some people have and others don't have.

Question 13

The highest order need in Maslow's hierarchy is ________.

A)social esteem
B)social needs
C)self-monitoring
D)self-actualization

Question 14

About ________ of managers surveyed feel they do a good job of motivating their employees.

A)one-quarter
B)one-half
C)a little over half
D)three-quarters

Question 15

The direction of an individual's motivation can be channeled to benefit ________.

A)only an organization
B)both individuals and/or organizations
C)only an individual
D)an individual's family only

Question 16

Which of the following is a lower-order need in Maslow's hierarchy?

A)love
B)self-worth
C)independence
D)personal safety

Question 17

Motivation is NOT ________.

A)a permanent personal trait
B)a process that leads to a goal
C)something that varies from situation to situation
D)something that requires a direction

Question 18

Maslow argued that once a need is substantially satisfied, ________.

A)the next need becomes dominant
B)individuals no longer require that need
C)that need continues to be the primary motivation of an individual
D)it becomes a higher-order need

Question 19

Maslow believes that higher-order needs ________.

A)are satisfied externally
B)are satisfied first
C)are satisfied internally
D)are satisfied most often

Question 20

The key to motivation, according to Maslow, is to identify ________.

A)higher-order needs first
B)a person's level in the needs hierarchy
C)lower-order needs last
D)a person's most important level in the needs hierarchy

Question 21

Theory Y assumes that people inherently ________.

A)are driven by fear
B)are unhappy
C)want to control their own destiny
D)don't trust one another

Question 22

According to Herzberg, what controls satisfaction and motivation?

A)intrinsic factors
B)extrinsic factors
C)both intrinsic and extrinsic factors
D)extrinsic and security factors

Question 23

Which of the following holds that intrinsic factors are related to job satisfaction and extrinsic factors are related to job dissatisfaction?

A)Maslow's hierarchy of needs
B)McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y
C)Vroom's expectancy theory
D)Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory

Question 24

According to Herzberg, which kinds of characteristics are most closely associated with job dissatisfaction?

A)intrinsic things that come from within themselves
B)extrinsic things that come from the outside
C)lack of advancement
D)the goals of the job

Question 25

According to Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene theory, ________ are associated with job satisfaction.

A)rewards
B)punishments
C)hygiene factors
D)motivators

Question 26

A manager with a Theory Y view of human nature would be likely ________.

A)not to try to inspire his or her workers
B)to try to challenge his or her workers
C)to try to intimidate his or her workers
D)to monitor his or her workers closely

Question 27

According to Herzberg, in order to provide employees with job satisfaction, managers should concentrate on ________.

A)salary and status
B)working conditions
C)achievement and recognition
D)security

Question 28

According to Herzberg, which of the following is considered a motivator?

A)pay
B)working conditions
C)hygiene factors
D)responsibility

Question 29

Which of the following is true of the three early theories of motivation?

A)Herzberg focuses on job satisfaction.
B)McGregor does not address motivation.
C)Maslow focuses on job satisfaction.
D)Herzberg focuses on needs.

Question 30

________ assumes that employees have little ambition, dislike work, and avoid responsibility.

A)Theory Y
B)Theory X
C)Self-actualization Need Theory
D)Belongingness Need Theory

Question 31

According to Herzberg, hygiene factors ________.

A)help people avoid infections
B)control motivation but not satisfaction
C)control dissatisfaction but not satisfaction
D)control motivation and satisfaction

Question 32

Workers with a Theory Y point of view would be likely to ________.

A)just want to collect a paycheck
B)love their job more than the money they make
C)avoid work unless rewards were high
D)avoid responsibility for their actions

Question 33

According to Herzberg, favorable hygiene factors can cause an employee to feel ________.

A)satisfied
B)not dissatisfied
C)dissatisfied
D)indifferent

Question 34

According to Herzberg, when an extremely dissatisfied employee gets an improved salary and working conditions, he or she ________.

A)becomes more motivated and more satisfied
B)becomes less motivated and less satisfied
C)becomes more dissatisfied, and his or her motivation increases
D)becomes less dissatisfied, and his or her motivation is unaffected

Question 35

Herzberg has had the greatest influence on which of the following?

A)employee pay scales
B)work conditions
C)how managers design jobs
D)labor-management relations

Question 36

According to Herzberg, the opposite of the state of being satisfied is ________.

A)the opposite of dissatisfied
B)not satisfied
C)an extrinsic factor
D)the opposite of intrinsic

Question 37

Workers with a Theory X point of view would be most likely to respond to ________.

A)kindness
B)a hands-off approach
C)fear of losing their job
D)freedom to modify their job

Question 38

A manager with a Theory X view of human nature would ________.

A)be unlikely to allow workers to work independently
B)be likely to let workers coordinate their work
C)allow workers to monitor themselves
D)trust his or her workers

Question 39

Which of the following is true of the three early theories of motivation?

A)Maslow focuses on job satisfaction.
B)McGregor focuses on the basic needs of the individual.
C)Both McGregor and Herzberg focus on human nature.
D)McGregor focuses on positive and negative assumptions about human nature.

Question 40

Theory X assumes that people work hard when they ________.

A)are closely controlled
B)enjoy a sense of accomplishment
C)are not compensated
D)experience a sense of fairness

Question 41

Which of the following suggests that humans have an innate desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships?

A)need for achievement
B)need for power
C)need for fulfillment
D)need for affiliation

Question 42

According to McGregor, managers should employ a Theory X style of management.

Question 43

Successful managers tend to be better at ________.

A)doing their own work than helping others
B)identifying their own goals than identifying goals of subordinates
C)helping others achieve goals than achieving their own goals
D)accomplishing goals than identifying goals

Question 44

Successful managers tend to have this more than any other trait.

A)low nPow
B)high nPow
C)high nAch
D)high nAff

Question 45

Three managers work at the Pabco Company. Aaron really "cracks the whip" on his employees and firmly believes in strict controls and punishment for those employees who do not perform to company expectations.

Zach has very few controls and believes that as long as people know what their objectives are, they will exercise self-control and self-direction.

Susan has been trying to improve working conditions and manager-employee relations to increase the level of productivity in her department.

-Zach was using which type of Herzberg factors to increase productivity levels?

A)motivators
B)hygiene
C)social
D)esteem

Question 46

In McGregor's theory of motivation, managers with a Theory Y view of life think people need to be given the freedom to make their own choices.

Question 47

Which of the following was directly influenced by Herzberg's two-factor theory?

A)Maslow's hierarchy of needs
B)the job characteristics model
C)McClelland's three-needs theory
D)expectancy theory

Question 48

In Maslow's system, a person takes care of social needs before worrying about personal safety.

Question 49

In Maslow's view, the key to understanding motivation is to understand where in the hierarchy of needs a person is located.

Question 50

You would expect a successful inventor of a new type of heart valve to have a high ________.

A)nAff
B)nPow
C)nAch
D)nFun

Question 51

Why are individuals with a high nAch not the most successful managers?

A)They are concerned more about effectiveness than efficiency.
B)They are more focused on organizational goals than their own desires for promotion.
C)They focus too much on their own goals than the goals of others.
D)They can easily be distracted by trying to build a better mousetrap.

Question 52

Maslow's empirical studies provided substantial proof of the validity of his hierarchical model.

Question 53

Maslow argued that each level in the needs hierarchy must be substantially satisfied before the next becomes dominant.

Question 54

Which three needs are recognized in McClelland's three-needs theory?

A)achievement, power, security
B)achievement, power, affiliation
C)power, comfort, stimulation
D)security, self-interest, affiliation

Question 55

Maslow states that people can no longer be motivated by a given need if it is largely taken care of.

Question 56

Three managers work at the Pabco Company. Aaron really "cracks the whip" on his employees and firmly believes in strict controls and punishment for those employees who do not perform to company expectations.

Zach has very few controls and believes that as long as people know what their objectives are, they will exercise self-control and self-direction.

Susan has been trying to improve working conditions and manager-employee relations to increase the level of productivity in her department.

-Susan was trying to use what type of Herzberg factors to increase productivity?

A)motivators
B)hygiene
C)social
D)esteem

Question 57

McClelland's need that has received the most attention and research is the ________.

A)need for achievement
B)need for power
C)need for recognition
D)need for affiliation

Question 58

Maslow contends that lower-order needs are satisfied internally and higher-order needs are satisfied externally.

Question 59

Three managers work at the Pabco Company. Aaron really "cracks the whip" on his employees and firmly believes in strict controls and punishment for those employees who do not perform to company expectations.

Zach has very few controls and believes that as long as people know what their objectives are, they will exercise self-control and self-direction.

Susan has been trying to improve working conditions and manager-employee relations to increase the level of productivity in her department.

-Zach is what type of manager?

A)Theory X-oriented
B)Theory Y-oriented
C)dictatorial
D)autocratic

Question 60

Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that all needs are sought after to an equal degree at all times.

Question 61

In which kinds of cultures does goal-setting theory work best?

A)high power distance, high uncertainty avoidance
B)low power distance, high uncertainty avoidance
C)high power distance, low uncertainty avoidance
D)low power distance, low uncertainty avoidance

Question 62

The JCM contends that ________ are required in meaningful work.

A)skill variety, task identity, and task significance
B)skill variety, autonomy, and feedback
C)task identity, autonomy, and feedback
D)task significance, autonomy, and feedback

Question 63

Which is the best summary of goal-setting theory?

A)Goals make no difference in performance.
B)Specific goals increase performance.
C)Always make your goals very difficult to reach.
D)Easy goals make for happier employees.

Question 64

Using fear as a motivator is a Theory X management style.

Question 65

McClelland proposed that people with a high nAch simply want to do things better than other people.

Question 66

The JCM contends that these dimensions are required for a high level of motivation among workers.

A)high pay, autonomy, feedback
B)meaningful work, autonomy, feedback
C)meaningful work, autonomy, independence
D)autonomy, feedback, good management

Question 67

Goal-setting tends to do well in ________, where its basic ideas align well with general cultural values.

A)North America
B)South America
C)India and China
D)the Middle East

Question 68

McClelland thinks that having a high nAch guarantees that a person will be a good manager.

Question 69

Autonomy is important in the JCM because it gives the worker ________.

A)time to finish the job
B)help from fellow employees
C)flexibility in dealing with managers
D)a sense of personal responsibility

Question 70

In a short essay, explain the concept of motivation with respect to an organization.Then identify and describe the three key aspects of motivation.

Question 71

In the JCM, motivation and satisfaction increase when this is true.

A)The employee feels good about herself.
B)The employee cares about the task.
C)The employee feels rewarded.
D)The employee feels like she belongs.

Question 72

In a short essay, list and discuss how Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory works.

Question 73

The job characteristics model (JCM)maintains that ________ is critical to motivating workers.

A)how workers are treated
B)how jobs are designed
C)equal treatment for all
D)setting goals

Question 74

In Herzberg's view, removing a factor of dissatisfaction makes a person more satisfied with his or her job.

Question 75

The JCM contends that meaningful work is ________.

A)high paying
B)always difficult
C)considered important and valuable by the worker
D)considered unimportant to managers

Question 76

In goal-setting theory, which of the following is the best kind of feedback?

A)feedback from a superior
B)feedback from a peer
C)self-generated feedback
D)group feedback

Question 77

In Herzberg's view, removing a hygiene factor makes a person less dissatisfied with his or her job.

Question 78

Setting goals definitely seems to ________.

A)increase performance and motivation
B)increase motivation but not performance
C)decrease performance but increase motivation
D)decrease motivation and performance

Question 79

In a short essay, discuss why improving extrinsic hygiene factors does not, according to Herzberg, improve employee satisfaction with a job.

Question 80

McGregor holds the opinion that managers are less successful when they adopt a Theory Y view of human nature.